Basal Cell Carcinoma

Kanseri y'iseli ya basal ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'uruhu. Kanseri y'iseli ya basal itangira mu iseli za basal — ubwoko bw'iseli iri mu ruhu rukora iseli nshya z'uruhu uko izishaje zigenda zipfa.

Kanseri y'iseli ya basal ikunze kugaragara nk'igisebe gito cyoroshye ku ruhu, nubwo ishobora kugaragara mu bundi buryo. Kanseri y'iseli ya basal ikunda kugaragara ahanini ku bice by'uruhu byagaragaye ku zuba, nko ku mutwe no ku ijosi.

Iyi kanseri y'iseli ya basal, abenshi bemeza ko iterwa no kumara igihe kinini mu zuba, rikaba ari na ryo ririmo imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV). Kwirinda izuba no gukoresha amavuta yo kwirinda izuba bishobora kugufasha kwirinda kanseri y'iseli ya basal.

Kanseri y'uture (Basal cell carcinoma) ikunda kugaragara ku bice by'umubiri wawe byagaragaye izuba, cyane cyane umutwe n'ijosi. Gake, kanseri y'uture ishobora kugaragara ku bice by'umubiri wawe bisanzwe birinzwe izuba, nko ku myanya ndangagitsina.

Kanseri y'uture isa n'impinduka ku ruhu, nko gukura cyangwa igisebe kitakira. Izi mpinduka ku ruhu (ibisebe) zisanzwe zigira imwe muri iyi miranga ikurikira:

• Ububyimba buringaniye, bufite ibara ry'uruhu butomoka, bisobanura ko ushobora kubona gato binyuze ku mubiri. Ububyimba bushobora kugaragara nk'umweru cyangwa umutuku ku ruhu rw'abazungu. Ku ruhu rw'abirabura n'abanyabirabura, ububyimbi bukunze kugaragara nk'umukara cyangwa umukara ugaragara. Umusarani muto ushobora kugaragara, nubwo bishobora kugorana kubona ku ruhu rw'abirabura n'abanyabirabura. Ububyimba bushobora kuva amaraso kandi bugasiba.
• Igisebe cy'umukara, umukara cyangwa ubururu — cyangwa igisebe gifite ibice byijimye — gifite umupaka ugaragara gato.
• Igice cyoroheje, gifite ibara ry'uruhu gifite umupaka ugaragara. Mu gihe, ibi bice bishobora gukura cyane.
• Igisebe rimera nk'igikomere, ridafite umweru, gifite ibara ry'umutuku ritagira umupaka usobanutse.

Suzuguramo umuganga wawe niba ubona impinduka ku buryo bw'uruhu rwawe, nko kuba hari ikintu gishya cyabayeho, impinduka ku kintu cyari gisanzwe cyangwa ikibyimba gikomeza kugaruka.

Kanseri y'uturemangingo twa basal ibaho iyo imwe mu turemangingo twa basal tw'uruhu igize impinduka mu ikorabuhanga ryayo rya ADN.

Turemangingo twa basal tuboneka hepfo y'urwego rwa epidermis — urwego rwo hejuru rw'uruhu. Turemangingo twa basal bituma habaho uturemangingo bushya tw'uruhu. Uko uturemangingo bushya tw'uruhu tugenda tuboneka, tugenda tushyira utundi turemangingo dukuze ku ruhu, aho utwo turemangingo dukuze dupfa kandi bikagenda.

Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na kanseri y'uruhu rwa basal cell carcinoma birimo:

• Kwibera cyane ku zuba. Gukoresha igihe kinini cyane ku zuba—cyangwa mu byuma byo kwishima ibara ry'izuba—byongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na kanseri y'uruhu rwa basal cell carcinoma. Icyago kirakomeye iyo uba mu gace hari izuba cyane cyangwa ahantu hari hejuru, byombi bikaba bigushyira mu kaga k'imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV). Kwikomeretsa cyane n'izuba na byo byongera ibyago.
• Ubuvuzi bwakoreshejwe imirasire. Ubuvuzi bwakoreshejwe imirasire mu kuvura acne cyangwa izindi ndwara z'uruhu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na kanseri y'uruhu rwa basal cell carcinoma ahantu havuwe mbere ku ruhu.
• Uruhu rwera. Ibyago byo kwibasirwa na kanseri y'uruhu rwa basal cell carcinoma biri hejuru mu bantu bafite imitego cyangwa abafite uruhu rwera cyane, ufite umusatsi utukura cyangwa umweru, cyangwa amaso y'amabara y'umweru.
• Izabukuru. Kubera ko kanseri y'uruhu rwa basal cell carcinoma ishobora kumara imyaka myinshi ikura, abantu benshi bafite iyi kanseri ni abakuze. Ariko ishobora no kwibasira abakiri bato kandi iriyongera mu bantu bari mu myaka ya 20 na 30.
• Amateka y'umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa ay'umuryango w'indwara ya kanseri y'uruhu. Niba warigeze kwibasirwa na kanseri y'uruhu rwa basal cell carcinoma rimwe cyangwa inshuro nyinshi, ufite amahirwe menshi yo kongera kuyibasirwa. Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango wa kanseri y'uruhu, ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byiyongereye byo kwibasirwa na kanseri y'uruhu rwa basal cell carcinoma.
• Imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Kunywa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, nka anti-rejection drugs ikoreshwa nyuma yo kubagwa, byongera cyane ibyago byo kwibasirwa na kanseri y'uruhu.
• Kwibera ku arsenic. Arsenic, umucyo ugaragara cyane mu bidukikije, yongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na kanseri y'uruhu rwa basal cell carcinoma n'izindi kanseri. Buri wese agira ubumara bumwe bwa arsenic kuko iba mu buryo bw'umwimerere. Ariko bamwe bashobora kuba bafite ubumara bwinshi niba banywa amazi yanduye cyangwa bakora akazi gakorerwa cyangwa gukoreshwa arsenic.
• Indwara zirakomeye zikomoka ku mubyeyi ziterwa kanseri y'uruhu. Indwara zimwe na zimwe zidasanzwe zo mu muryango zishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na kanseri y'uruhu rwa basal cell carcinoma, harimo nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin-Goltz syndrome) na xeroderma pigmentosum.

Ingaruka za kanseri y'uruhu rwo mu bwoko bwa basal cell carcinoma zishobora kuba:

• Ibyago byo kugaruka. Kanseri y'uruhu rwo mu bwoko bwa basal cell carcinoma isubira kenshi, na nyuma yo kuvurwa neza.
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kurwara izindi kanseri z'uruhu. Amateka yo kurwara kanseri y'uruhu rwo mu bwoko bwa basal cell carcinoma ashobora kandi kongera amahirwe yo kurwara izindi kanseri z'uruhu, nka kanseri y'uruhu rwo mu bwoko bwa squamous cell carcinoma.
• Kanseri ikwirakwira irenze uruhu. Gake cyane, kanseri y'uruhu rwo mu bwoko bwa basal cell carcinoma ishobora gukwirakwira (metastasize) mu mitsi ya lymph hafi aho no mu bindi bice by'umubiri, nka mu gufwa no mu bihaha.

Kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'uruhu rwa basal cell, urashobora:

• Kwirinda izuba mu gihe cy'amasaha y'akataraboneka. Ahenshi, imirasire y'izuba iba ikomeye hagati ya saa 10 za mugitondo na saa 4 z'ijoro. Tegura ibikorwa byo hanze mu yandi masaha y'umunsi, ndetse no mu gihe cy'itumba cyangwa izuba rihishe.
• Koresha amavuta yo kwirinda izuba umwaka wose. Koresha amavuta yo kwirinda izuba afite urwego rwo kurinda (SPF) rya byibuze 30, ndetse no mu gihe izuba rihishe. Siga amavuta menshi, kandi usubire kuyasiga buri masaha abiri cyangwa kenshi kurushaho niba uri koga cyangwa uri kwisiga umunyu.
• Kwambara imyenda ikurinda izuba. Kingira uruhu rwawe imyenda imiraba, ifite ibara ryijimye, kandi ikwambara amaboko n'amaguru, n'ingofero ifite umutwe mugari, itanga uburinzi kurusha ingofero ya baseball cyangwa visor. Hari ibigo bicuruza imyenda ikurinda izuba. Umuhanga mu kuvura indwara z'uruhu arashobora kugutera inama ku kigo gikwiriye. Ntucikwe n'izuba ry'amaso. Shaka iryo rikingira ubwoko bwombi bwa UV - ultraviolet A (UVA) na ultraviolet B (UVB).
• Kwirinda ibyuma byo kwishima. Ibyuma byo kwishima bisohora imirasire ya UV kandi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'uruhu.
• Suzuma uruhu rwawe buri gihe kandi ubwira muganga ibyahindutse. Suzuma uruhu rwawe kenshi kugira ngo urebe ko hari ibishya byavuyeho cyangwa impinduka ku duheri, amatafari, ibibyimba n'ibimenyetso byavukiye ku mubiri. Ukoresheje imiraba, suzuma mu maso, mu ijosi, mu matwi no ku mutwe. Suzuma ikibuno n'igituza ndetse n'imbere n'inyuma y'amaboko n'amaboko. Suzuma imbere n'inyuma y'amaguru n'ibirenge, harimo n'ibirenge n'ahantu hagati y'intoki. Suzuma kandi igice cy'ibitsina na hagati y'ibitugu.

Mu rwego rwo gusuzuma ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'ibikomere cyangwa impinduka ku ruhu rwawe, muganga wawe cyangwa inzobere mu ndwara z'uruhu (umuganga w'uruhu) azakora isuzuma rusange n'ikizamini. Muganga wawe azakora isuzuma rusange ry'umubiri kandi akubaze ibibazo bijyanye n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima, impinduka ku ruhu rwawe, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso wahuye na byo. Ibibazo bishobora kuba birimo: Muganga wawe ntazasuzuma gusa agace gakeka ku ruhu rwawe ahubwo azasuzuma n'umubiri wawe wose kugira ngo arebe niba hari ibindi bibyimba. Muganga wawe ashobora gukora biopsie y'uruhu, aho akuramo igice gito cy'igisebe kugira ngo akore ibizamini mu igenamiterere. Ibi bizagaragaza niba ufite kanseri y'uruhu, kandi niba ari byo, ubwoko bwa kanseri y'uruhu ufite. Ubwoko bwa biopsie y'uruhu uzakorwaho buzaterwa n'ubwoko n'ubunini bw'igisebe.

• Wabonye iki gikomere cyangwa igisebe ku ruhu bwa mbere ryari?
• Kirahindutse kuva ubwo wabonye bwa mbere?
• Iki gikomere cyangwa igisebe kibabaza?
• Hari ibindi bikomere cyangwa ibisebe bikuhangayikisha?
• Hari igihe warigeze ufite kanseri y'uruhu?
• Hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe warigeze afite kanseri y'uruhu? Ni iyihe?
• Ufata ingamba zo kwirinda izuba, nko kwirinda izuba rya saa sita no gukoresha amavuta yo kwirinda izuba?
• Ujya usuzumisha uruhu rwawe buri gihe?

Intego y'ivuza kanseri ya selile y'ibanze ni ukukuraho kanseri burundu. Ubuvuzi bukubereye ni bwo bushingiye ku bwoko, aho kanseri yawe iherereye n'ubunini bwayo, kimwe n'ibyifuzo byawe n'ubushobozi bwo kugira ibizami byo gukurikirana. Guhitamo ubuvuzi bishobora kandi gushingira ku kuba ari ubwa mbere cyangwa kanseri ya selile y'ibanze isubiramo.

Kanseri ya selile y'ibanze ikunze kuvurwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi kugira ngo hakureho kanseri yose hamwe na bimwe mu bice by'umubiri muzima biri hafi.

Amahitamo ashobora kuba ari aya:

Kubaga. Muri ubu buryo, muganga wawe akuraho igisebe cya kanseri n'agace k'uruhu rwiza kari hafi. Agaciro gakorwaho hakoreshejwe mikoroskopi kugira ngo habeho ukuri kw'uko nta selile za kanseri zihari.

Kubaga bishobora kugerwaho kuri kanseri ya selile y'ibanze idasubira, nko ku gituza, umugongo, amaboko n'ibirenge.

Ubuvuzi bwa Mohs. Mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bwa Mohs, muganga wawe akuraho kanseri urwego ku rwego, asuzumana mikoroskopi buri rwego kugeza igihe nta selile zidakora neza zisigaye. Ibi bituma umuganga aba afite ukuri kw'uko ibintu byose byakuruwe kandi birinda gufata umubiri mwiza uhagije uri hafi.

Ubuvuzi bwa Mohs bushobora kugerwaho niba kanseri yawe ya selile y'ibanze ifite ibyago byinshi byo gusubira, nko kuba nini, ikwirakwira mu ruhu cyangwa ikaba iri mu maso.

Rimwe na rimwe, ubundi buvuzi bushobora kugerwaho mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, nko kuba utazi kubagwa cyangwa udafite ubushake bwo kubagwa.

Ubundi buvuzi burimo:

Gucukura no gukoresha amashanyarazi (C na E). Ubuvuzi bwo gucukura no gukoresha amashanyarazi (C na E) burimo gukuraho uruhu rwa kanseri hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyo gucukura (curet) hanyuma gushonga imbere ya kanseri hakoreshejwe umugozi w'amashanyarazi.

C na E bishobora kuba amahitamo yo kuvura kanseri ya selile y'ibanze nto idasubira, nko ku mugongo, gituza, amaboko n'ibirenge.

Ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo. Ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo bukoresha imirasire ifite imbaraga nyinshi, nko kuri X-rays na protons, kugira ngo bice selile za kanseri.

Ubuvuzi bw'amiradiyo bukoreshwa rimwe na rimwe nyuma y'ubuvuzi iyo hari ibyago byiyongereye ko kanseri isubira. Bishobora kandi gukoreshwa iyo kubagwa atari amahitamo.

Gukonjesha. Ubu buvuzi burimo gukonjesha selile za kanseri hakoreshejwe azote liquide (cryosurgery). Bishobora kuba amahitamo yo kuvura ibisebe by'uruhu biri hejuru. Gukonjesha bishobora gukorwa nyuma yo gukoresha igikoresho cyo gucukura (curet) kugira ngo hakureho uruhu rwa kanseri.

Cryosurgery ishobora kugenzurwa mu kuvura kanseri ya selile y'ibanze nto kandi yoroheje iyo kubagwa atari amahitamo.

Ubuvuzi bwa Photodynamic. Ubuvuzi bwa Photodynamic buhuza imiti igira uruhare mu kwerekana urumuri no kuvura kanseri y'uruhu iri hejuru. Mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bwa Photodynamic, umuti ushyirwa mu ruhu ugira uruhare mu gutuma selile za kanseri zibona urumuri. Nyuma y'aho, urumuri rwangiza selile za kanseri z'uruhu rurashyirirwa muri ako gace.

Ubuvuzi bwa Photodynamic bushobora kugenzurwa iyo kubagwa atari amahitamo.

Gake cyane, kanseri ya selile y'ibanze ishobora gukwirakwira (metastasize) mu mitsi ya lymph iri hafi n'ahandi mu mubiri. Ubundi buvuzi muri iki gihe burimo:

Ubuvuzi bw'imiti igendera ku ntego. Ubuvuzi bw'imiti igendera ku ntego bugendera ku ntege nke zihari mu selile za kanseri. Mu kuburizamo izo ntege nke, ubuvuzi bw'imiti igendera ku ntego bushobora gutuma selile za kanseri zipfa.

Imiti y'ubuvuzi igendera ku ntego kuri kanseri ya selile y'ibanze iburizamo ibimenyetso bya molekuli bituma kanseri ikomeza gukura. Bishobora kugenzurwa nyuma y'ubundi buvuzi cyangwa iyo ubundi buvuzi budashoboka.