Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Umuti

Ese ni ubwandu bw'agakoko gatera indwara y'ibinyoni, ariko rimwe na rimwe gashobora kwandura abantu. Izwi kandi nka grippe y'inyoni, iyi ndwara ibaho iyo ubwoko bumwe bw'agakoko ka grippe kava mu nyoni zanduye kakajya mu bantu, akenshi binyuze mu guhura hafi n'inyoni zirwaye cyangwa zapfuye.

Nubwo abantu bandura iyi ndwara ari bake, ese yaramaze kumenyekana kuko ubwoko bumwe bw'agakoko gashobora gutera indwara ikomeye. Ibyiza ni uko abantu benshi bagira uburyo buke cyane bwo guhura n'inyoni zanduye, kandi ukoresheje ingamba zikwiye, ibyago byawe biguma hasi.

Ese ni iki?

Ese iterwa na virusi ya grippe A izenguruka mu nyoni z'ubwoko bwose n'inyoni zo mu rugo. Izi virusi zimenyereye kuba mu nyoni, ariko rimwe na rimwe zishobora kwandura abantu bahura hafi n'inyamaswa zanduye.

Iyi ndwara yiswe izina ryayo kuko inyoni ari zo zibamo izi virusi. Inyoni zo mu mazi nka za kagoge n'izindi nyoni zikunze gutwara izi virusi zitandura, ariko inyoni zo mu rugo nka inkoko n'izindi nyoni zishobora kurwara cyane.

Iyo tuvuga kuri ese mu bantu, akenshi tuba tuvuga ubwandu bw'ubwoko bwa H5N1, H7N9, cyangwa izindi virusi. Izi nyandiko n'imibare zifasha abahanga mu bya siyansi kumenya ubwoko nyabwo bwa virusi birimo.

Ibimenyetso bya Ese ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya ese mu bantu bishobora kuba bito cyangwa bikomeye, akenshi bigasa nka grippe isanzwe mu ntangiriro. Uko umubiri wawe uhangana n'ubwandu bisanzwe bitangira mu minsi 2 kugeza kuri 7 nyuma yo guhura n'inyoni zanduye.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya mbere ushobora kugira birimo:

• Umuhango mwinshi (akenshi urenze 38.3°C)
• Umutwe ukomeye n'ububabare bw'umubiri
• Inkorora ishobora kuba yumye cyangwa ikavuza ibinyabutabire
• Umuhogo ubabara n'amazuru
• Uburwayi bukabije kurusha grippe isanzwe
• Ububabare bw'imikaya mu mubiri wose

Ibi bimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kumera kimwe na grippe isanzwe, niyo mpamvu ese ishobora kuba ingorabahizi kuyimenya hakiri kare. Umubiri wawe ukoresha ubwoko bumwe bw'ubwirinzi nk'ubwo wakoresha kuri virusi ya grippe iyo ari yo yose.

Ibimenyetso bikomeye bishobora kuza uko ubwandu bugenda buzamuka, cyane cyane ku bwoko bumwe nka H5N1. Ibi bimenyetso bibangamira birimo:

• Gukora cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Ububabare cyangwa umuvuduko mu gituza
• Isesemi ikomeye n'kuruka
• Ububabare bw'inda buhoraho
• Gucika intekere cyangwa guhinduka kw'imitekerereze
• Imihango mu bihe bitoroshye

Bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo by'amaso, cyane cyane uburwayi bw'amaso (amaso atukura), niba ibice bya virusi bihuriye n'amaso yabo. Ibi bishobora kubaho mu gihe uhura hafi n'inyoni zanduye cyangwa ibintu byanduye.

Ubwoko bwa Ese ni ubuhe?

Virusi za ese zikubitswe hashingiwe kuri poroteyine ebyiri ziboneka ku mubiri wazo, zizwi nka hemagglutinin (H) na neuraminidase (N). Abahanga mu bya siyansi bamenye imvange nyinshi zitandukanye, ariko ubwoko bumwe gusa busanzwe bwanduza abantu.

Ubwoko buteye impungenge ku buzima bw'abantu ni H5N1, bwateye ubwandu bukomeye bw'abantu ku isi hose. Iyi virusi ikunze gutera indwara ikomeye iyo yanduye abantu, nubwo ubwandu bw'abantu buguma buke.

H7N9 ni irindi bwoko bwanduye abantu, ahanini mu Bushinwa. Nubwo ishobora gutera indwara ikomeye, iri bwoko ryagaragaje ubushobozi buke bwo gukwirakwira hagati y'abantu ugereranije na virusi za grippe isanzwe.

Ubundi bwoko nka H5N6, H5N8, na H7N7 bwagiye bwanduza abantu ariko ni bwo buke cyane. Buri bwoko bufite imikorere yihariye mu bijyanye n'uburemere n'uburyo bwo kwanduza.

Ese iterwa n'iki?

Ese mu bantu iterwa no guhura hafi n'inyoni zanduye cyangwa ahantu handuye. Izi virusi ziba mu mara no mu myanya y'ubuhumekero y'inyoni zanduye, zikwirakwira binyuze mu mate, umusemburo, n'ibinyabutabire byazo.

Uburyo busanzwe abantu banduramo burimo:

• Gutakaza inyoni zanduye zirwaye cyangwa zapfuye utifashije
• Gusukura ahantu handuye n'ibinyabutabire by'inyoni
• Gukora mu mirima y'inyoni mu gihe cy'icyorezo
• Gusura amasoko y'inyoni zibayeho zifite isuku nke
• Guhumeka umukungugu cyangwa ibintu bito byanduye bivuye ahantu handuye

Kurya inkoko n'amagi abitswe neza ntibitera ubwandu bwa ese. Guteka biturika virusi burundu, bituma ibi biribwa bikora neza iyo bitezwe neza ku bushyuhe bugenewe.

Kwanduza ese hagati y'abantu ni bwo buke cyane ku bwoko bw'agakoko buriho ubu. Izi virusi ntizimenyereye gukwirakwira neza hagati y'abantu, niyo mpamvu ibyorezo biguma bike.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Ese?

Ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi ako kanya niba ufite ibimenyetso bya grippe mu minsi 10 nyuma yo guhura n'inyoni, cyane cyane niba wari hafi y'inkoko zirwaye cyangwa zapfuye. Kwipimisha hakiri kare ni ingenzi kuko imiti igabanya ubukana bw'agakoko ikora neza iyo itangiye vuba.

Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ubuzima buteye impungenge:

• Umuhango mwinshi ufite ububabare bukomeye bw'umubiri nyuma yo guhura n'inyoni
• Gukora cyangwa inkorora idashira
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka bikomeye bituma udashobora kunywa amazi
• Ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi mu mubiri nko gucika intekere cyangwa kugabanyuka kw'inkari
• Ibindi bimenyetso by'ubuzima buteye impungenge nyuma yo gutakaza inyoni cyangwa gusura amasoko y'inyoni

Ntugatege amatsiko ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ubwabyo, cyane cyane niba uzi ko wahuriye n'inyoni zishobora kuba zanduye. Abaganga bashobora gukora ibizamini byihariye no gutangira kuvura niba bibaye ngombwa.

Iyo uhamagara kwa muganga, menyesha ko wahuriye n'inyoni. Aya makuru azamufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye no kwita ku buzima bwawe vuba.

Ibyago byo kurwara Ese ni ibihe?

Ibyago byo kurwara ese biterwa ahanini n'uburyo wahuriye n'inyoni zanduye cyangwa ahantu handuye. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago bike cyane kuko badahura buri gihe n'inyoni zo mu rugo cyangwa izindi nyoni.

Imishinga n'ibikorwa bifite ibyago byinshi birimo:

• Gukora mu mirima y'inyoni cyangwa mu nganda zitunganya inyama z'inyoni
• Abaveterineri bavura inyoni mu gihe cy'icyorezo
• Abahanga mu by'inyamaswa zo mu gasozi bafata inyoni zo mu gasozi
• Abakozi ba laboratwari basuzuma ibipimo bya grippe y'inyoni
• Abantu baba mu turere tugira ibyorezo bya ese mu nyoni zo mu rugo
• Abantu bajya kenshi mu masoko y'inyoni zibayeho

Aho uba na byo bigira uruhare mu kigero cy'ibyago byawe. Uturere tumwe na tumwe tugira ibyorezo bya ese mu nyoni zo mu rugo kenshi, bishobora kongera amahirwe yo guhura n'abantu.

Imyaka n'uburwayi buriho bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo uhangana n'ubwandu niba wanduye, ariko ntibyongera amahirwe yo kwandura. Ikintu nyamukuru gikomeza kuba guhura hafi n'inyoni zanduye.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Ese ni izihe?

Ese ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane ku bwoko bumwe nka H5N1. Nubwo ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare mu kigero cy'uburemere bw'uburwayi, bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo byinshi kurusha ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya grippe.

Ingaruka ku myanya y'ubuhumekero ni zimwe mu ziteye impungenge kandi zishobora kuba:

• Pneumonia ishobora kuba ikomeye kandi ikaba ingorabahizi kuvura
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Guhumeka nabi bisaba imashini
• Ubundi bwandu bw'agakoko mu bihaha

Ibi bibazo byo guhumeka bibaho kuko virusi ishobora gutera umuriro mwinshi mu bihaha no mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Uko umubiri wawe uhangana n'ubwandu rimwe na rimwe bishobora kongera uyu muriro.

Izindi ngaruka zikomeye zishobora kuza harimo:

• Kunanirizwa kw'imikorere y'imbere mu mubiri bikubiyemo impyiko, umwijima, cyangwa umutima
• Kubura amazi mu mubiri bikomeye biterwa no kuruka no kubesha kenshi
• Ubundi bwandu bw'agakoko mu mubiri wose
• Ibibazo by'ubwonko birimo encephalitis (ubwandu bw'ubwonko)
• Ibibazo byo gukora amaraso mu bihe bitoroshye

Ibyago byo kugira ingaruka bitandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwa virusi, ubuzima bwawe rusange, n'uburyo kuvura bitangira vuba. Kwitabwaho n'abaganga hakiri kare bishobora gufasha gukumira cyangwa gucunga ingaruka nyinshi zishoboka.

Ese ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Gukumira ese bigamije kwirinda guhura n'inyoni zanduye no kugira isuku nziza. Uburyo bwiza ni ukugabanya guhura nawe n'inyoni zishobora kuba zanduye n'ahantu ziba.

Ingamba z'ingenzi zo kwirinda harimo:

• Kwirinda guhura hafi n'inyoni zirwaye cyangwa zapfuye
• Kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda mu gihe ukoresha inyoni mu kazi kawe
• Kwoza intoki neza nyuma yo guhura n'inyoni
• Kwima amasoko y'inyoni zibayeho mu gihe cy'icyorezo
• Guteka inkoko n'amagi ku bushyuhe bugenewe
• Kumenyesha abayobozi b'ubuzima bw'abaturage igihe ubonye inyoni zo mu gasozi zapfuye

Niba akazi kawe gasaba guhura n'inyoni, komeza ingamba zose zo kwirinda. Ibi birimo gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda neza no gukurikiza uburyo bwo gusukura bwashyizweho n'aho ukora cyangwa abategetsi b'ubuzima.

Ku bajya mu ngendo, shakisha amakuru y'aho ugiye ajyanye n'uburyo bwa ese mbere yo gusura ahantu hazwiho ubworozi bw'inyoni cyangwa amasoko y'inyoni zibayeho. Kumenya ibintu bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza ku bikorwa n'ahantu ugiye.

Ubu nta rukingo rwa ese ruhari ku bantu bose, nubwo abahanga mu bya siyansi bakomeza guteza imbere no kugerageza inkingo zo gukoresha mu gihe kizaza. Kwirinda guhura n'inyoni ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda.

Ese ipima ite?

Kumenya ese bisaba ibizamini byihariye bya laboratwari kuko ibimenyetso bikunze kumera kimwe na grippe isanzwe. Muganga wawe azatekereza ku bimenyetso byawe hamwe n'amateka yo guhura n'inyoni mu gihe afata icyemezo cyo gukora ibizamini.

Uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe butangira hagamijwe kuganira ku bikorwa byawe bya vuba n'aho wahuriye. Muganga wawe azakubaza ibyo guhura n'inyoni, gusura imirima cyangwa amasoko, no kujya mu turere tuzwiho ibyorezo.

Ibizamini bya laboratwari bikoresha mu kumenya ese birimo:

• Ibizamini bya RT-PCR bimenya ibice bya virusi mu bipimo byo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero
• Ibizamini byihuse byo gupima kugira ngo hamenyekane hakiri kare
• Umuco wa virusi kugira ngo ikurwe kandi hamenyekane ubwoko bwa virusi
• Ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo hamenyekane antibodies (akenshi kugira ngo hamenyekane nyuma)

Gukusanya ibipimo bisanzwe bikubiyemo gukoresha udupfukamunwa mu mazuru, mu kanwa, cyangwa yombi kugira ngo hakurwe ibintu bivuye mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Ibi bipimo byoherezwa muri laboratwari zihariye zifite ibikoresho byo gucunga virusi zishobora kuba ziteye akaga.

Ibisubizo bishobora gutinda iminsi myinshi kuko gupima bisaba ibikoresho n'ubuhanga byihariye. Muri iki gihe cyo gutegereza, muganga wawe ashobora gutangira kuvura hashingiwe ku gushidikanya kwa muganga niba amateka yawe yo guhura n'inyoni n'ibimenyetso byawe bigaragaza ese.

Ese ivurwa ite?

Kuvura ese bigamije imiti igabanya ubukana bw'agakoko n'ubuvuzi bwo gufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya ubwandu. Kuvura hakiri kare mu masaha 48 nyuma y'ibimenyetso bitangira bigira ingaruka nziza, nubwo gutangira nyuma bishobora kugira akamaro.

Imiti nyamukuru igabanya ubukana bw'agakoko ikoreshwa irimo:

• Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) ifatwa mu kanwa iminsi 5
• Zanamivir (Relenza) ihumekerwa binyuze mu gikoresho cyihariye
• Peramivir itangwa mu mitsi mu bitaro
• Baloxavir (Xofluza) nk'umuti umwe ufatwa mu kanwa

Iyi miti ikora itera virusi kubura ubushobozi bwo kwiyongera mu mubiri wawe. Ishobora kugabanya uburemere n'igihe ibimenyetso bimara, ndetse ikanakumira ingaruka zikomeye.

Uburyo bwo kuvura bufasha gucunga ibimenyetso no kwirinda ingaruka:

• Imiti igabanya umuriro n'ububabare kugira ngo umere neza
• Amazi menshi kugira ngo wirinde kubura amazi mu mubiri
• Kuruhukira kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bwawe buhangane n'ubwandu
• Umuyaga w'umwuka niba guhumeka bigoye
• Kujya mu bitaro mu gihe cy'uburwayi bukomeye bisaba gukurikiranwa cyane

Mu bihe bikomeye, ushobora gukenera ubundi buvuzi nko guhumeka binyuze mu mashini kugira ngo ufashe guhumeka cyangwa imiti yo gufasha umuvuduko w'amaraso n'imikorere y'imbere mu mubiri. Igishushanyo cyo kuvura cyihariye gishingiye ku bimenyetso byawe n'ubuzima bwawe rusange.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe ufite Ese

Kwitaho iwawe mu gihe ufite ese bigamije kuruhuka, kunywa amazi, no gukurikirana ibimenyetso byawe mu gihe ufashe imiti igabanya ubukana bw'agakoko. Abantu benshi bafite uburwayi buke bashobora gukira iwa bo bafite uburyo bwiza bwo kwita ku buzima bwabo no gukurikiranwa n'abaganga.

Intambwe z'ingenzi zo kwitaho iwawe harimo:

• Guta imiti igabanya ubukana bw'agakoko ukurikije amabwiriza
• Kunywamo amazi menshi nka amazi, icyayi cy'ibimera, n'isupu
• Kuruhukira bihagije kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bwawe bufashe
• Gukoresha imiti igabanya umuriro nka acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen uko bibaye ngombwa
• Kwihisha kugira ngo wirinda kwanduza abandi

Komeza ukurebe ibimenyetso byawe kandi uhamagare muganga wawe niba ubona ko byakomeye. Ibimenyetso by'ubuzima buteye impungenge bisaba ubuvuzi ako kanya birimo guhumeka nabi, umuriro mwinshi udashira, cyangwa kubura amazi mu mubiri bikomeye.

Komeza kugira isuku nziza no mu rugo ukoresheje kwoza intoki kenshi no gupfuka inkorora n'amunwa. Ibi birinda abagize umuryango wawe kandi bifasha kwirinda ubundi bwandu bw'agakoko.

Kwima gusubira mu kazi cyangwa ibikorwa bisanzwe kugeza igihe umaze iminsi 24 utagira umuriro kandi ukaba wamererwa neza cyane. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ari cyo cyiza cyo gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwitoza kujya kwa muganga bifasha guhamya ko uboneye ubuvuzi n'ibizamini bikwiye niba ese ikekwira. Gukusanya amakuru akenewe mbere bituma gusuzuma bigenda neza kandi byuzuye.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika:

• Ibimenyetso byose wabonye n'igihe byatangiye
• Igihe cyose wahuriye n'inyoni, harimo amatariki n'ibyabaye
• Amateka yo kujya mu turere tuzwiho ibyorezo bya ese
• Imiti ufashe ubu n'ibintu ufite allergy
• Ibibazo ku buryo bwo kuvura n'ibyitezwe mu gukira

Iyo uhamagara kugira ngo ugende, menyesha ko wahuriye n'inyoni ako kanya. Aya makuru azamufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku cyemezo cyo gupanga.

Zana urutonde rw'abantu bo guhamagara mu gihe cy'akaga n'amakuru y'ubwisungane ukeneye. Niba ibimenyetso bikomeye, tekereza ko hari umuntu uzakujyana kwa muganga aho kujya wenyine.

Tegura gutanga amakuru arambuye ku guhura nawe n'inyoni, harimo ubwoko bw'inyoni, niba zari zirwaye, n'ingamba zo kwirinda wakoresheje niba hariho.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri Ese

Ese igumana ari indwara iboneka gake mu bantu, ariko isaba ubuvuzi bwihuse iyo wahuriye n'inyoni. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukumenya ibyago byawe hashingiwe ku guhura n'inyoni no gushaka ubuvuzi vuba niba ibimenyetso byaza nyuma yo guhura n'inyoni.

Abantu benshi bafite ibyago bike cyane kuko badahura buri gihe n'inyoni cyangwa bajya ahantu hari ibyago byinshi. Ariko, niba akazi kawe cyangwa ibikorwa byawe bikubiyemo guhura n'inyoni, gukurikiza ingamba z'umutekano bigabanya cyane amahirwe yo kwandura.

Kuvura hakiri kare hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bw'agakoko bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye, niyo mpamvu gusuzuma hakiri kare nyuma yo guhura n'inyoni ari ingenzi cyane. Ntuzuzagere kubaganga niba ufite impungenge zo guhura n'inyoni.

Nubwo ese ishobora gutera indwara ikomeye, ibuka ko ubwandu bw'abantu buguma buke kandi abantu benshi barakira neza bafashijwe n'abaganga. Kuguma uzi ingamba zo kwirinda no kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubufasha bigushyira mu mwanya mwiza wo kurinda ubuzima bwawe.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Ese

Ese nshobora kwandura ese mu gihe narya inkoko cyangwa amagi?

Oya, ntushobora kwandura ese mu gihe urya inkoko cyangwa amagi abitswe neza. Guteka inkoko ku bushyuhe bwa 74°C n'amagi kugeza igihe umuhondo n'icyera byose byabitswe neza biturika virusi zishobora kuba zirimo. Guteka birandura ibyago byo kwandura biterwa n'ibiribwa byanduye.

Ese ese yandura hagati y'abantu?

Kwanduza ese hagati y'abantu ni bwo buke cyane ku bwoko bw'agakoko buriho ubu. Benshi mu bantu bandura babiterwa no guhura hafi n'inyoni zanduye aho kubikura ku wundi muntu. Ariko, niba ubonye ese, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kwihisha nk'ingamba yo kwirinda.

Ese bimara igihe kingana iki mu bantu?

Ibimenyetso bya ese bisanzwe bimara iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 10 hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bw'agakoko, kimwe na grippe isanzwe. Ariko, igihe cyo gukira gishobora gutandukana bitewe n'uburemere bw'uburwayi bwawe n'uburyo kuvura bitangira vuba. Bamwe bashobora kumva bananiwe cyangwa barwaye ibyumweru byinshi nyuma y'uburwayi bukabije.

Ese nkwiye guhangayika ku nyoni zo mu gasozi zo mu gikari cyanjye?

Inyoni zo mu gasozi zimeze neza zo mu gikari cyawe nta kaga zikubera mu kwanduza ese. Ikibazo gikomeye kiba ku nyoni zirwaye cyangwa zapfuye, ukwiye kwirinda gutakaza. Niba ubonye inyoni zo mu gasozi zapfuye, hamagara abayobozi b'ubuzima bw'abaturage aho kubikuraho wenyine.

Ese amatungo yo mu rugo arwara ese kandi ashobora kuyanduza abantu?

Imbwa n'inkazi rimwe na rimwe zishobora kwandura ese, akenshi biterwa no kurya inyoni zanduye. Ariko, kwanduza kuva ku matungo yo mu rugo ku bantu ni bwo buke cyane. Niba amatungo yawe yahuriye n'inyoni zirwaye cyangwa zapfuye, uyakurikirane niba arwaye kandi ubaze umuveterineri niba ubona ibimenyetso by'ubuzima buteye impungenge nko kunanirwa cyangwa guhumeka nabi.