Umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ubaho iyo imiyoboro mito yimisha amarira mu maso yawe ihindutse ikaba ifunze cyangwa itagikora neza. Iyi ndwara isanzwe ibuza amarira kugenda neza ava mu jisho ryawe ajya mu mazuru, bityo akaba aguma mu jisho, akaba atuma amaso aba yuzuye amazi kandi akaba afite ibibazo.

Nubwo bishobora kuguha impungenge, umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ubusanzwe uravurwa kandi ukagenda ukize wenyine, cyane cyane ku bana bavutse. Gusobanukirwa icyabaye bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubufasha n’uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugufasha.

Umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ni iki?

Uburyo bwo gutunganya amarira bukora nk’umuyoboro w’amazi ukoreshwa neza. Amarira ava mu mabuye mato ari ku mitsi y’amaso, anyura mu mihogo mito yitwa canaliculi, ajya mu gisekuru cy’amarira, hanyuma anyura mu muhogo munini witwa nasolacrimal duct ajya mu mazuru.

Iyo igice icyo ari cyo cyose cy’uyu muyoboro gifunze, amarira ntashobora kugenda neza, aguma mu jisho. Ibi bituma amaso aba yuzuye amazi kandi akaba afite ibibazo, nk’uko abantu benshi babona.

Ibimenyetso by’umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi uzabona ni ukubona amaso yuzuye amazi, bitari uko uri kurira cyangwa ufite ikibazo.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira:

• Amarira menshi cyangwa amaso yuzuye amazi
• Ibinyabutabire bitose cyangwa bikomeye, cyane cyane mugitondo
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona neza kubera amarira menshi
• Urubura ruri ku ruhande rw’ijisho
• Kubyimbagira hafi y’igisekuru cy’amarira
• Indwara z’amaso zisubira

Mu bindi bihe, ushobora kubona ko gukanda ku gisekuru cy’amarira bitera ibinyabutabire. Iki kimenyetso cyerekana ko hari udukoko twibasiye aho hafunze, nubwo bitavuze ko ufite indwara ikomeye.

Ubwoko bw’umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ni ubuhe?

Umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ushobora kugaragara bitewe n’igihe watangiye n’icyo yawuteye. Umuhogo w’amarira ufunze kuva umuntu avuka ubaho kuva umuntu avuka kandi ubaho ku bana bagera kuri 20%, ubusanzwe ukagenda ukize wenyine mu mwaka wa mbere w’ubuzima.

Umuhogo w’amarira ufunze nyuma ubaho nyuma y’igihe kubera impamvu zitandukanye nko gusaza, indwara, cyangwa imvune. Ibi bisaba ubuvuzi bukomeye kuko bidakira bitavuwe.

Aho hafunze na byo ni ingenzi mu gutegura ubuvuzi. Punctal stenosis iba ku mabuye mato ari ku mitsi y’amaso, naho nasolacrimal duct obstruction iba ku muyoboro munini ujya mu mazuru.

Impamvu zituma umuhogo w’amarira ufunga ni izihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutuma umuhogo w’amarira ufunga, kandi gusobanukirwa impamvu bifasha mu gutoranya ubuvuzi bukwiye. Impinduka ziterwa n’imyaka ni zimwe mu mpamvu zisanzwe, kuko uburyo bwo gutunganya amarira bushobora kugabanuka uko umuntu asaza.

Dore impamvu nyamukuru ukwiye kumenya:

• Umuhogo w’amarira ugabanuka uko umuntu asaza
• Indwara z’amaso zidakira cyangwa kubabara
• Kubagwa amaso cyangwa mu mazuru
• Imvune z’imbere mu maso zigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gutunganya amarira
• Imiti imwe itera amaso gukama
• Indwara zifata umubiri wose nka Sjögren's syndrome
• Uburwayi cyangwa ibintu bikura hafi y’umuhogo w’amarira (bihora bike)
• Ubuvuzi bw’indwara ya kanseri bugira ingaruka ku maso

Ku bana bavutse, impamvu isanzwe ni iterambere. Uruhu rupfunyika umuhogo wa nasolacrimal duct rushobora kutakinguka neza igihe umwana avuka, nubwo ibi bisanzwe bikira uko umwana akura.

Gake cyane, indwara zifata umubiri wose nka sarcoidosis cyangwa granulomatosis with polyangiitis zishobora gutera umuriro mu muhogo w’amarira no kuwufunga. Izi ndwara zidafata benshi zisaba ubuvuzi bwihariye bw’indwara nyamukuru.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera umuhogo w’amarira ufunze?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite amaso yuzuye amazi iminsi myinshi adakira. Nubwo amaso yuzuye amazi rimwe na rimwe ari ibisanzwe, amaso yuzuye amazi buri gihe bikabangamira ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi bisaba ubufasha bwa muganga.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba niba ufite ibimenyetso by’indwara, harimo umuriro, kubyimbagira cyane hafi y’ijisho, cyangwa ibinyabutabire byera cyangwa by’amabara. Ibi bimenyetso byerekana ko hari udukoko twibasiye aho hafunze kandi bisaba imiti yo kurwanya udukoko.

Ku babyeyi, abana bavutse bafite umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ubusanzwe bakenera gukurikiranwa aho kuvurwa vuba. Ariko, hamagara muganga w’abana niba umwana wawe afite ibimenyetso by’indwara cyangwa niba amarira akomeza nyuma y’amezi 12.

Ibyago byo kugira umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira iyi ndwara, nubwo kugira ibyago bitavuze ko uzayirwara. Imyaka ni yo ntandaro ikomeye, kuko umuhogo w’amarira ugabanuka uko umuntu asaza.

Ibyago byawe bishobora kuba byinshi niba ufite:

• Amateka y’indwara z’amaso zidakira
• Kubagwa amaso cyangwa mu maso
• Indwara zifata umubiri wose zigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gutunganya amarira
• Gukoresha imiti y’amaso igihe kirekire
• Kubagwa mu mutwe cyangwa mu ijosi
• Indwara zidakira z’amazuru cyangwa izindi ndwara z’amazuru

Abagore barwara kenshi kurusha abagabo, cyane cyane nyuma yo gucura igihe impinduka z’imisemburo zishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gutunganya amarira. Nanone, abantu bambara lenti cyangwa bakoresha ibirungo by’amaso kenshi bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi kubera guhora bafite ibibazo.

Ingaruka zishoboka zo kugira umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ni izihe?

Nubwo umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ubusanzwe utera ibibazo kurusha uko uba ari ikintu gikomeye, kuwureka utavuwe rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye. Ingaruka ikomeye ni ukugira indwara z’amaso zidakira kubera amarira ahamaze igihe kirekire atuma udukoko twiyongera.

Ingaruka zishoboka harimo:

• Indwara z’amaso zidakira (conjunctivitis)
• Indwara y’igisekuru cy’amarira (dacryocystitis)
• Kwibasira kwa cornea kubera amazi menshi
• Kubabara kw’uruhu ruri ku maso
• Ibibazo by’imibanire n’abandi cyangwa mu kazi kubera isura

Mu bihe bike, indwara zikomeye zishobora kwandura mu ngingo zikikije, zigatera cellulitis cyangwa ibindi bibazo bikomeye. Ariko, ukoresheje ubuvuzi bukwiye, izi ngaruka zikomeye zirindwa.

Amarira menshi adakira ashobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe, bigatuma ibikorwa nko gusoma cyangwa gutwara imodoka bigorana. Guhora uhanagura amaso bishobora gutera uruhu kubabara no kudakunda imibanire n’abandi.

Umuhogo w’amarira ufunze upimwa ute?

Muganga wawe azatangira akugenzura amaso n’uburyo bwo gutunganya amarira. Azakubaza ibibazo byawe, amateka yawe y’ubuzima, n’ibibazo byose by’amaso cyangwa kubagwa wari ufite.

Isuzuma rikunze kuba rifite ibizamini byoroshye bikorwa mu biro. Muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ibara ryitwa fluorescein kugira ngo arebe uko amarira anyura mu muyoboro w’amarira, bityo amenye aho hafunze.

Ibizamini by’inyongera bishobora kuba birimo gupima amarira, gusuzuma puncta (imbuto mito yo gutunganya amarira), rimwe na rimwe no gukoresha amazi ya saline mu mihogo y’amarira kugira ngo arebe uko amarira anyura. Mu bihe bigoye, amashusho nka dacryocystography ashobora kuba akenewe kugira ngo abone ishusho yuzuye y’uburyo bwo gutunganya amarira.

Ubuvuzi bw’umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ni ubuhe?

Uburyo bwo kuvura butandukanye cyane bitewe n’uburemere bw’aho hafunze n’impamvu yabiteye. Ku bihe byoroshye, kuvura bisanzwe hamwe n’amazi ashyushye n’ubukanda buhanitse bikunze gufasha kandi bishobora gufasha amarira kugenda neza.

Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba:

• Amazi ashyushye n’ubukanda buhanitse
• Imiti y’amaso yo kurwanya udukoko
• Gukoresha igikoresho cyo gufungura umuhogo w’amarira (ku bihe bidakira)
• Gukoresha umupira wo gufungura umuhogo w’amarira
• Gushyiramo igikoresho cyo gufungura umuhogo w’amarira
• Kubagwa (dacryocystorhinostomy)

Ku bana bavutse, abaganga bakunze kugira inama yo gutegereza kuko ubusanzwe indwara ikira mu mezi 12. Uburyo bwo gukanda buhanitse bushobora gufasha gufungura umuhogo w’amarira neza muri iki gihe cyo gutegereza.

Ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi bikomeye nka dacryocystorhinostomy birema umuyoboro mushya uva ku gisekuru cy’amarira ujya mu mazuru, bikareka umuhogo ufunze. Ubu buvuzi bufite umusaruro mwinshi ku bantu bafite umuhogo w’amarira ufunze rwose kandi batavuwe.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo ufite umuhogo w’amarira ufunze

Nubwo ubuvuzi bwa muganga bukunze kuba ngombwa, uburyo bwo kwitwara mu rugo bushobora gufasha kugabanya ibibazo no gufasha gukira. Amazi ashyushye ashyirwa ku jisho iminota 5-10 incuro nyinshi ku munsi bishobora kugabanya kubabara no gufasha amarira kugenda neza.

Gukanda ku gisekuru cy’amarira bishobora gufasha gukuraho aho hafunze gato no gufasha amarira kugenda neza. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwereka uburyo bukwiye, aho gukanda buke uhereye ku ruhande rw’ijisho ujya mu mazuru.

Komeza isuku y’ijisho ryanduye uhanagura ibinyabutabire ukoresheje igitambaro cyiza kandi gishyushye. Irinde gukanda cyangwa gukanda cyane amaso yawe, kuko bishobora kongera ibibazo no kwinjiza udukoko.

Amazi yo mu maso ashobora gufasha gukuraho ibinyabutabire bikomeye no guhumuriza, nubwo bitavura aho hafunze. Niba bambara lenti, tekereza gusimbuza ijisho ry’amaso kugira ngo ugabanye ibibazo.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika igihe ibibazo byawe byatangiye n’icyo bibafasha cyangwa kibibabaza. Kora urutonde rw’ibinyabutabire, niba biba byinshi mugitondo cyangwa nyuma y’ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe.

Zana urutonde rw’imiti yose ukoresha, harimo imiti y’amaso n’ibindi. Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gutunganya amarira cyangwa kongera ibyago by’ingaruka.

Andika ibibazo byose ufite ku ndwara yawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, cyangwa ibyo witeze mu gihe cyo gukira. Ntugatinye kubaza ku musaruro w’ubuvuzi butandukanye cyangwa ibyo witeze mu gihe cyo gukira.

Niba warigeze kubagwa amaso, kugira imvune, cyangwa kuvurwa, zana inyandiko z’ubuvuzi. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa impamvu zishoboka no guhitamo ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya ku muhogo w’amarira ufunze

Umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ni indwara isanzwe, ubusanzwe ivurwa, ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukumenya igihe ukeneye ubufasha bwa muganga no gusobanukirwa ko hari uburyo bwo kuvura buriho.

Ubusanzwe indwara ikira neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, haba ari ubuvuzi busanzwe cyangwa ubuvuzi bukomeye. Kugira ubuvuzi vuba bishobora gukumira ingaruka no gufasha kugaruka mu buzima busanzwe vuba.

Wibuke ko nubwo amarira menshi adakira ashobora kubabaza, iyi ndwara ntabwo itera ubuhumyi iyo ivuwe neza. Ukoresheje ubuvuzi bukwiye no kwihangana, ushobora kwitega ko ibibazo bizagabanuka kandi amaso azahumura.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa ku muhogo w’amarira ufunze

Q1: Umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ushobora gukira wenyine?

Yego, cyane cyane ku bana bavutse aho indwara ikira mu mwaka wa mbere w’ubuzima. Ku bakuru, aho hafunze gato rimwe na rimwe hira neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi busanzwe nko gukoresha amazi ashyushye no gukanda, ariko aho hafunze rwose bisaba ubufasha bwa muganga kugira ngo bikire.

Q2: Kubagwa buhora ari ngombwa ku muhogo w’amarira ufunze?

Oya, kubagwa ntibihora ari ngombwa. Indwara nyinshi zikira hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi buoroshye nko gukoresha igikoresho cyo gufungura umuhogo w’amarira, umupira wo gufungura umuhogo w’amarira, cyangwa igikoresho cyo gufungura umuhogo w’amarira. Kubagwa ubusanzwe bikorwa ku muhogo w’amarira ufunze rwose cyangwa ku bihe bitavuwe.

Q3: Gukira nyuma yo kubagwa umuhogo w’amarira bifata igihe kingana iki?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye bitewe n’ubuvuzi bwakozwe. Ibikorwa byoroshye nko gukoresha igikoresho cyo gufungura umuhogo w’amarira bishobora gukenera iminsi mike gusa, naho ubuvuzi bukomeye nka dacryocystorhinostomy bishobora gukenera ibyumweru 2-4 kugira ngo bikire. Abantu benshi babona ko ibibazo bigabanuka mu byumweru bike nyuma yo kuvurwa neza.

Q4: Umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ushobora gutera ibibazo by’amaso bidakira?

Umuhogo w’amarira ufunze ntabwo ubusanzwe uterera ibibazo by’amaso bidakira iyo uvuwe neza. Ariko, indwara zidakira zidatavuwe rimwe na rimwe zishobora gutera ibibazo bya cornea cyangwa indwara zidakira zishobora kugira ingaruka ku maso. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa gushaka ubuvuzi niba ibibazo bikomeza cyangwa bikomeza.

Q5: Hari uburyo bwo gukumira umuhogo w’amarira ufunze?

Nubwo udashobora gukumira indwara zose, cyane cyane iziterwa n’imyaka, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe uvuza indwara z’amaso vuba, ukirinda imvune z’amaso, kandi ugahangana n’indwara zifata umubiri wose. Isuku y’amaso n’irinda guhora ufite ibibazo bishobora kandi gufasha gutunganya amarira neza.