Kanseri y'Amagufa ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Kanseri y'amagufa ni indwara idahwitse aho utunyangingo tudakora neza twiyongera mu buryo budakwiye mu magufa yawe, bigatuma haba udukoko dushobora kugabanya imbaraga z'amagufa. Nubwo iryo zina rishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa icyo kanseri y'amagufa ari cyo bishobora kugufasha kugabanya impungenge zawe no kugufasha kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ubu bwoko bwa kanseri bushobora gutangira mu gufa (bitwa kanseri y'amagufa y'ibanze) cyangwa bugakwirakwira mu magufa kuva ku kandi gahantu mu mubiri wawe (bitwa kanseri y'amagufa yisumbuyeho cyangwa kanseri y'amagufa yagwiriye). Inkuru nziza ni uko, hakoreshejwe ubwoko bwo kuvumbura hakiri kare n'ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi barwaye kanseri y'amagufa bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze, buzima.

Ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'amagufa ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cya mbere cyane cya kanseri y'amagufa ni ububabare buhoraho mu gufa kibasiwe budakira nubwo uburuhukira. Ubwo bubabare busanzwe butangira nk'ububabare buke bushobora kuza no kugenda, ariko buhoro buhoro bugenda buba bukomeye kandi bukabije uko iminsi igenda ishira.

Dore ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ushobora kubona, kandi wibuke ko kugira kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi ntibisobanura ko ufite kanseri y'amagufa:

• Ububabare bw'amagufa bukaza cyane nijoro cyangwa igihe ukora imyitozo
• Kubyimbagira cyangwa kubabara hafi y'aho byibasiye
• Igishishwa cyangwa ikibyimba ushobora kumva ukoresheje uruhu
• Amagufa avunika byoroshye kubera imvune ntoya cyangwa ibikorwa bisanzwe
• Umunaniro udasobanutse cyangwa kumva nabi muri rusange
• Gutakaza ibiro bidateganijwe
• Inkorora, cyane cyane iyo ikomeza kugaruka

Mu bindi bihe, ushobora kumva ubugufi cyangwa kubabara mu gihe ikibyimba gishyira igitutu ku mitsi iri hafi. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuza buhoro buhoro mu byumweru cyangwa amezi, niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi kwita ku mpinduka ziba mu mubiri wawe no kubiganiraho n'abaganga bawe.

Ni ibihe bwoko bwa kanseri y'amagufa?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa kanseri y'amagufa, buri bwoko bufite imico yabwo n'uburyo bwo kubuvura. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko ufite bifasha itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga gutegura gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikwiye ku kibazo cyawe.

Ubwoko nyamukuru bwa kanseri y'amagufa y'ibanze harimo:

• Osteosarcoma: Ubwoko busanzwe mu bana n'abakiri bato, busanzwe bugira ingaruka ku magufa maremare y'amaboko n'amaguru
• Chondrosarcoma: Busanzwe mu bantu barengeje imyaka 40, busanzwe buboneka mu gice cy'umubiri cy'amagufa, amabati, cyangwa amafaranga y'ibitugu
• Ewing sarcoma: Akenshi iba mu bana n'abangavu, ikunze kugira ingaruka ku magufa y'ikibero, urukuta rw'ibituza, cyangwa amagufa maremare
• Fibrosarcoma: Ubwoko buke cyane busanzwe buboneka mu mitsi yoroheje iri hafi y'amagufa ariko bushobora kuba mu magufa ubwayo
• Giant cell tumor: Akenshi iba idakomeye ariko rimwe na rimwe ishobora kuba kanseri, ikunze kugira ingaruka ku mpera y'amagufa maremare

Kanseri y'amagufa yisumbuyeho, ikwirakwira kuva mu bindi bice by'umubiri, ni yo isanzwe kurusha kanseri y'amagufa y'ibanze. Ubu bwoko busanzwe buturuka kuri kanseri y'amabere, y'ibihaha, ya prostate, y'impyiko, cyangwa ya thyroid yagwiriye mu magufa.

Ni iki giteza kanseri y'amagufa?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya kanseri y'amagufa nyinshi ntirazwi, ariko abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara. Ni ingenzi kumva ko kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzabona kanseri y'amagufa.

Dore ibintu by'ingenzi abahanga mu bya siyansi bemeza ko bishobora gutera kanseri y'amagufa:

• Ubuvuzi bwakozwe mbere, cyane cyane ubuvuzi bwinshi bw'izindi kanseri
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'impyiko nka Li-Fraumeni syndrome cyangwa hereditary retinoblastoma
• Indwara ya Paget, indwara itera imiterere idasanzwe y'amagufa
• Imvune z'amagufa cyangwa ibikoresho byashyizwemo mbere, nubwo ubuhuza buracyiga
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe zirakomoka zigira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'amagufa n'udugufi

Mu bihe bike cyane, kwandura ibintu bimwe na bimwe cyangwa kugira amateka y'umuryango wa kanseri y'amagufa bishobora kugira uruhare. Ariko rero, abantu benshi barwara kanseri y'amagufa nta byago bifatika bafite, bisobanura ko iyi ndwara ishobora kubabaza umuntu uwo ari we wese.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera ibimenyetso bya kanseri y'amagufa?

Ukwiye kuvugana n'abaganga bawe niba ufite ububabare bw'amagufa buhoraho bumaze ibyumweru birenga bibiri, cyane cyane niba bugenda bwiyongera cyangwa buguhungabanya ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi. Ntugatege amatwi niba ububabare bukomeye cyangwa buherekejwe n'ibindi bimenyetso bishishikaje.

Shaka ubuvuzi vuba niba ubona ibimenyetso by'uburyo:

• Ububabare bw'amagufa budakira nubwo uburuhukira cyangwa imiti igabanya ububabare idasaba kwa muganga
• Kubyimbagira cyangwa ikibyimba ushobora kumva, cyane cyane niba gikura
• Igufa rivunika kubera kugwa gato cyangwa igikorwa gisanzwe
• Gutakaza ibiro bidateganijwe bifatanije n'ububabare bw'amagufa
• Inkorora ihoraho ifatanije n'ibimenyetso by'amagufa
• Ubugufi cyangwa intege nke mu kuboko cyangwa ukuguru

Wibuke ko indwara nyinshi zishobora gutera ububabare bw'amagufa, kandi akenshi ntabwo ari kanseri. Ariko rero, gusuzuma hakiri kare biguha amahirwe meza yo kuvurwa neza niba hari ikintu gikomeye kiba cyabonetse. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya niba ibimenyetso byawe bikeneye iperereza ryinshi.

Ni ibihe byago byo kurwara kanseri y'amagufa?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo by'ubuzima bwawe, nubwo ari ingenzi kwibuka ko kugira kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu byago ntibisobanura ko uzabona kanseri y'amagufa. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago ntibabona iyo ndwara, mu gihe abandi badafite ibyago bizwi bayibona.

Ibyago by'ingenzi harimo:

• Imyaka: Osteosarcoma ikunze kugaragara mu bana n'abangavu mu bihe byo gukura k'amagufa vuba
• Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri bwakozwe mbere: Ubuvuzi bwa radiation cyangwa imiti imwe na imwe yo kuvura kanseri bishobora kongera ibyago nyuma y'imyaka
• Indwara zikomoka ku mpyiko: Indwara zirakomoka zidafatika nka Li-Fraumeni syndrome cyangwa retinoblastoma
• Indwara ya Paget: Iyi ndwara y'amagufa yongera ibyago byo kurwara osteosarcoma
• Ibikoresho by'ibyuma: Mu bihe bike cyane, kanseri y'amagufa ishobora kuba hafi y'ibikoresho by'ibyuma, nubwo ari bike cyane

Bimwe mu byago bike harimo kwandura urugero rwinshi rw'imirasire iva mu mpanuka za kirimbuzi cyangwa kugira indwara zimwe na zimwe z'amagufa kuva ku ivuka. Bikwiye kuzirikana ko abantu benshi bafite izi ndwara batabona kanseri y'amagufa, rero gerageza kudahangayika ubusa niba hari ibyo bikukurikira.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya kanseri y'amagufa?

Nubwo kuganira ku bibazo bishobora kuba byinshi, gusobanukirwa ibyashoboka bigufasha wowe n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga gutegura no gusubiza vuba niba hari ikibazo kibaye. Wibuke ko abantu benshi barwaye kanseri y'amagufa bafite ibibazo bike cyangwa nta na kimwe, cyane cyane hakoreshejwe ubwoko bwo kuvumbura hakiri kare n'ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Dore ibibazo by'ingenzi bishobora kubaho:

• Amagufa avunika: Amagufa adakomeye ashobora kuvunika byoroshye, rimwe na rimwe bisaba kuvurwa
• Kwirimuka mu bindi bice by'umubiri: Kanseri ishobora kwimukira mu bihaha, umwijima, cyangwa andi magufa
• Ibibazo by'imitsi: Udukoko dushobora gushyira igitutu ku mitsi iri hafi, bigatera ububabare, ubugufi, cyangwa intege nke
• Kwandura: Ubuvuzi bushobora kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe by'agateganyo
• Ibibazo by'uturemangingo tw'amaraso: Ubuvuzi bumwe na bumwe bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukora neza

Mu bihe bike cyane, kanseri y'amagufa ishobora gutera urugero rwinshi rwa calcium mu maraso cyangwa kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'impyiko. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakukurikirana hafi mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi kugira ngo ribone kandi rikemure ibibazo hakiri kare. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukugira itumanaho ryiza n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga ku bimenyetso bishya cyangwa biba bibi.

Kanseri y'amagufa imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya kanseri y'amagufa bisaba intambwe nyinshi, kandi muganga wawe azakuyobora muri buri ntambwe kugira ngo abone ishusho isobanutse y'ibiri kuba. Uburyo busanzwe butangira kuvugana n'ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka yawe y'ubuzima, bikurikirwa no gusuzuma umubiri w'aho byibasiye.

Umuvuzi wawe ashobora kugusaba ibizamini byo kuvura ibi:

• Ama rayons X: Akenshi iba ari ikizamini cya mbere cyo gushaka ibice bidasanzwe mu magufa yawe
• MRI cyangwa CT scans: Itanga amashusho arambuye yo kubona ingano n'aho ikibyimba kiri
• Bone scan: Igaragaza niba kanseri yagwiriye mu yandi magufa y'umubiri wawe
• Ibizamini by'amaraso: Ireba ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugaragaza kanseri y'amagufa
• Biopsy: Igice gito cy'umubiri gifatwa kugira ngo hameze icyemezo kandi hamenyekane ubwoko bwa kanseri

Biopsy ni yo nzira yonyine yo kumenya neza kanseri y'amagufa. Muganga wawe ashobora gukora ubu buryo akoresheje igishishwa cyangwa kubaga gato, bitewe n'aho ikibyimba kiri. Mu gihe utegereje ibisubizo bishobora gutera umunaniro, wibuke ko ubu buryo burambuye bukubutsa ubumenyi burambuye kandi bukubutsa gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikwiye.

Ni iki kivura kanseri y'amagufa?

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y'amagufa bwarateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize, kandi itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga ritegura gahunda yihariye ishingiye ku bwoko bwa kanseri, icyiciro cyayo, imyaka yawe, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Intego si ukubuvura kanseri gusa, ahubwo ni ugufasha kugumana ubuzima bwiza bushoboka.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura harimo:

• Kubaga: Gukuraho ikibyimba mu gihe ukomeza amagufa menshi meza n'imikorere
• Chemotherapy: Imiti igabanya utunyangingo twa kanseri mu mubiri wawe wose
• Radiation therapy: Imirasire ikomeye yibanda ku gice cy'ikibyimba
• Targeted therapy: Imiti mishya itera utunyangingo twa kanseri
• Immunotherapy: Ubuvuzi bufasha ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe kurwanya kanseri

Abantu benshi bakira ubuvuzi butandukanye. Urugero, ushobora kugira chemotherapy mbere yo kubaga kugira ngo ugabanye ikibyimba, ukabona chemotherapy nyuma yo kugira ngo ukureho utunyangingo twa kanseri dushigaje. Itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rizakubwira buri ntambwe kandi rizagufasha gusobanukirwa ibyo utegereje mu nzira.

Uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibimenyetso murugo mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bwa kanseri y'amagufa?

Kwita ku buzima bwawe murugo ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo bwawe bwo kuvura muri rusange. Mu gihe itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rifasha mu buvuzi nyamukuru, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo wumve wishimye kandi ushyigikire uburyo umubiri wawe ukora.

Dore ingamba zifasha mu guhangana n'ibimenyetso n'ingaruka mbi:

• Guhangana n'ububabare: Fata imiti igabanya ububabare yatanzwe nk'uko byategetswe kandi ukoreshe urubura cyangwa ubushyuhe nk'uko muganga wawe yabitegetse
• Imikino yoroheje: Komereza gukora imyitozo nk'uko bishoboka kugira ngo ukomeze imbaraga n'amagufa
• Ibiryo: Funga indyo yuzuye irimo calcium na vitamine D kugira ngo ushyigikire ubuzima bw'amagufa
• Iburuhuko: Reka ubone ibitotsi bihagije n'ibindi bihe byo kuruhuka umunsi wose
• Kwirinda kwandura: Koga intoki kenshi kandi wirinde ahantu hahuriye abantu benshi mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi
• Ubufasha bwo mu mutwe: Huza n'umuryango, inshuti, cyangwa amatsinda y'ubufasha kugira ngo ufashe guhangana n'umunaniro

Ntuzuzagera ku itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga niba ufite ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa niba ibiriho biba bibi. Bashobora guhindura imiti yawe cyangwa bagusaba uburyo bwo kurushaho guhumurizwa. Wibuke ko gusaba ubufasha ni ikimenyetso cy'imbaraga, atari intege nke.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga?

Kwitabira neza ibyo gusura muganga bigufasha guhamya ko uboneye igihe cyanyu hamwe kandi ko impungenge zawe zose zikemuwe. Gufata iminota mike kugira ngo utegure ibitekerezo byawe mbere bishobora gutuma habaho itandukaniro mu buvuzi bwawe.

Dore uko wakwitegura neza:

• Andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'icyo bibafasha cyangwa kibitera
• Andika imiti yose, ibintu byongera, na vitamine ufashe ubu
• Zana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti kugira ngo aguhe inkunga kandi aguhe ubufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi
• Tegura urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubaza
• Kora urutonde rw'ibimenyetso byawe
• Andika amateka y'umuryango wa kanseri cyangwa indwara z'amagufa

Tegereza kuzana agatabo cyangwa gukoresha telefoni yawe kugira ngo wandike amakuru y'ingenzi mu gihe cy'ibyo gusura. Ntuhangayike kubabaza ibibazo byinshi cyangwa gufata igihe kinini. Umuvuzi wawe arashaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa uburwayi bwawe kandi ukumva ufite icyizere ku gahunda yawe y'ubuvuzi.

Ni iki gikuru wakuramo kuri kanseri y'amagufa?

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kanseri y'amagufa, nubwo ari ikintu gikomeye, ivurwa, cyane cyane iyo yafashwe hakiri kare. Iterambere mu buvuzi ryongereye cyane ibyavuye mu kuvura abantu barwaye iyi ndwara, kandi abarwayi benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze, buzima nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Niba ufite ububabare bw'amagufa buhoraho cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bishishikaje, ntutinye gushaka ubuvuzi. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura biha amahirwe meza yo kugira ibyavuye byiza. Wibuke ko ububabare bw'amagufa bwinshi buterwa na kanseri, ariko bihora bikwiye ko ibimenyetso bihoraho bisuzumwa n'umwuga w'ubuvuzi.

Mu rugendo rwawe rwose, uko uri gushaka icyemezo cyangwa uri kuvurwa, wibuke ko nturi wenyine. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga, umuryango, inshuti, n'amatsiko y'ubufasha bose bari aho kugufasha guca muri ibi bihe bigoye ufite ibyiringiro n'imbaraga.

Ibibazo byakajwe cyane kuri kanseri y'amagufa

Q1: Kanseri y'amagufa ihora yica?

Oya, kanseri y'amagufa ntihora yica. Ibyago byo gukira byarazamutse cyane kubera iterambere mu buvuzi. Ibyifuzo bishingiye ku bintu nka ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amagufa, icyiciro cyayo igihe yamenyekanye, imyaka yawe, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Abantu benshi barwaye kanseri y'amagufa, cyane cyane iyo yafashwe hakiri kare, bashobora kuvurwa neza kandi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.

Q2: Kanseri y'amagufa ishobora kwimukira mu bindi bice by'umubiri?

Yego, kanseri y'amagufa ishobora kwimukira (kwagura) mu bindi bice by'umubiri, cyane cyane mu bihaha. Ariko rero, ibi ntibibaho mu bihe byose, kandi iyo bibaye, hari uburyo bwo kuvura buhari. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakukurikirana hafi kandi rikoreshe ibizamini byo kubona kugira ngo rigenzure ibimenyetso byose byo kwagura.

Q3: Kanseri y'amagufa ihora isaba guca ukuguru?

Oya, guca ukuguru ntibihora bikenewe mu buvuzi bwa kanseri y'amagufa. Ubu, kubaga kudaca ukuguru bishoboka mu gihe cya 90%, kubera iterambere mu buryo bwo kubaga no mu bikoresho by'ibikoresho. Umuganga wawe azahora agerageza kubungabunga imikorere myinshi uko bishoboka kose mu gihe akuraho kanseri yose.

Q4: Abana bashobora kurwara kanseri y'amagufa?

Yego, ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kanseri y'amagufa, cyane cyane osteosarcoma na Ewing sarcoma, busanzwe mu bana n'abangavu. Ariko rero, kanseri y'amagufa mu bana ikunze gusubiza neza ubuvuzi, kandi abana benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze, buzima. Abaganga b'abana b'inzobere mu kuvura kanseri mu bana kandi bakora kugira ngo bagabanye ingaruka z'igihe kirekire.

Q5: Hariho impinduka mu mibereho zishobora gufasha kwirinda kanseri y'amagufa?

Kubera ko impamvu nyamukuru ya kanseri y'amagufa nyinshi ntizwi, nta buryo bwo kwirinda buhamye. Ariko rero, kugira ubuzima bwiza muri rusange binyuze mu mikino, indyo yuzuye irimo calcium na vitamine D, no kwirinda kwandura imirasire idakenewe bishobora gushyigikira ubuzima bw'amagufa. Ikintu cy'ingenzi, shaka ubuvuzi vuba kubera ububabare bw'amagufa buhoraho cyangwa ibimenyetso bishishikaje.