Gusubira kw’amagufwa ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Gusubira kw’amagufwa bibaho iyo seli ya kanseri iva mu gice cy’umubiri wawe ikagenda igana mu magufwa yawe binyuze mu maraso cyangwa mu mikaya. Ibi ntabwo ari ubwoko bushya bwa kanseri butangira mu magufwa yawe, ahubwo ni kanseri yawe isanzwe ikwirakwira mu mubiri. Nubwo aya makuru ashobora kuguha ikibazo, gusobanukirwa ibiri kuba mu mubiri wawe bishobora kugufasha gukorana n’abaganga bawe kugira ngo mugenzure ibimenyetso kandi ugume ufite ubuzima bwiza.

Gusubira kw’amagufwa ni iki?

Gusubira kw’amagufwa bibaho iyo seli ya kanseri itandukana n’ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri ikagera ku magufwa yawe. Izi seli za kanseri zishobora kwifata ku magufwa maze zigatangira gukura aho.

Amagufwa yawe ni imyenda y’umubiri ihora isenya kandi ikubaka. Iyo seli ya kanseri igeze mu magufwa, ihungabanya ubu buryo busanzwe. Zimwe muri kanseri zitera amagufwa gusenyuka vuba kurusha uko ashobora kubakwa, bigatuma asenyuka kandi agahura n’ibibazo byo kuvunika. Izindi kanseri zishobora gutera amagufwa gukura cyane, bigatuma amagufwa aba akomeye ariko adasanzwe.

Gusubira kw’amagufwa ni ikintu gisanzwe mu bihe bya kanseri ikomeye. Kanseri y’amabere, kanseri ya prostate, kanseri y’ibihaha, kanseri y’impyiko, na kanseri ya thyroid zifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwira mu magufwa, nubwo andi moko menshi ya kanseri ashobora no gukwirakwira aho.

Ibimenyetso byo gusubira kw’amagufwa ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso ushobora kugira bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’aho kanseri yagwiririye mu magufwa yawe n’uburyo imaze gukura. Abantu benshi babona ububabare bw’amagufwa nk’ikimenyetso cya mbere, nubwo bamwe batagira ibimenyetso na mba.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe:

• Ububabare bw’amagufwa: Ibi bikunze gutangira nk’ububabare buke bushobora kuza no kugenda, ariko busanzwe burakomeza uko iminsi igenda ishira kandi ntibugabanuka n’ubwo wari kuruhuka.
• Amagufwa kuvunika: Amagufwa ashobora kuvunika byoroshye, rimwe na rimwe no mu bikorwa bisanzwe nko kugenda cyangwa gutwara ibintu byoroheje.
• Uburwayi: Ushobora kumva unaniwe cyangwa ufite intege nke, ibyo bishobora guterwa na kanseri ubwayo ndetse n’umubare munini wa calcium mu maraso yawe.
• Ibibazo byo kugenda: Ububabare n’intege nke bishobora gutuma bigorana kugenda neza.
• Umuzimu cyangwa intege nke: Iyo kanseri igwiriye umugongo wawe, ushobora kugira umuzimu, ubuzimu, cyangwa intege nke mu biganza cyangwa mu maguru.

Ibimenyetso bidafite akamaro ariko bikomeye bishobora kuba harimo ububabare bukabije bw’umugongo budakira n’ubwo wari kuruhuka, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwitinya cyangwa kujya mu bwiherero, cyangwa intege nke zikomeye mu biganza cyangwa mu maguru. Ibi bimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa kuko bishobora kugaragaza ko umugongo wawe ugiye gukomera.

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibimenyetso bijyanye n’umubare munini wa calcium mu maraso yabo, nko kugira isereri, kuruka, gucika intege, cyangwa inyota ikabije. Umubiri wawe urekura calcium iyo amagufwa asenyutse vuba kurusha uko asanzwe, ibyo bishobora gutera ibyo bimenyetso bibi.

Impamvu ziterwa no gusubira kw’amagufwa ni izihe?

Gusubira kw’amagufwa bibaho iyo seli ya kanseri ibonye ubushobozi bwo kuva aho yari isanzwe iherereye ikagera ku magufwa yawe. Ubu buryo burimo intambwe nyinshi ziba ku rwego rw’iseli, kandi, ikibabaje, ntabwo twashobora guhita tuvuga igihe cyangwa impamvu bibaho kuri bamwe ariko bikaba bitabayeho ku bandi.

Uru rugendo rutangira iyo seli ya kanseri itandukana n’ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri. Izo seli zinjira mu maraso cyangwa mu mikaya, ikora nk’umuhanda mu mubiri wawe. Izo seli nyinshi z’abagenzi ntizirarura uru rugendo, ariko zimwe zigera ku magufwa yawe maze zikifata ku magufwa.

Amagufwa yawe akurura cyane ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa seli za kanseri kuko amagufwa afite amaraso menshi kandi akubiyemo ibintu byongera ubukura bishobora gufasha seli za kanseri gukura. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bw’amagufwa butanga ahantu hafasha izo seli gukura no kwiyongera.

Zimwe muri kanseri zifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwira mu magufwa. Kanseri y’amabere na kanseri ya prostate ni zo zikunze kuba impamvu, nyuma hakaza kanseri y’ibihaha, impyiko na thyroid. Myeloma nyinshi, ubwoko bwa kanseri y’amaraso, ikunda kugira ingaruka ku magufwa, nubwo isanzwe itangira mu mugufi w’amagufwa aho gukwirakwira kuva ahandi.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera gusubira kw’amagufwa?

Ukwiye kuvugana n’abaganga bawe niba ufite ububabare bushya bw’amagufwa cyangwa ububabare buri kwiyongera, cyane cyane niba ufite amateka ya kanseri. Ntugategereze ububabare bukabije mbere yo gusaba ubufasha.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa niba ufite ibimenyetso byo kuburira:

• Ububabare bukabije bw’umugongo budakira n’ubwo wari kuruhuka cyangwa wahinduye imyanya.
• Umuzimu, ubuzimu, cyangwa intege nke mu biganza cyangwa mu maguru.
• Gukora ikibazo cyo kugenda cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza ibikorwa.
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwitinya cyangwa kujya mu bwiherero.
• Ibimenyetso byo kuvunika, nko kubabara cyane nyuma yo kugwa gato cyangwa mu bikorwa bisanzwe.

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ko umugongo wawe ugiye gukomera cyangwa izindi ngaruka zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa. Kugira ubuvuzi hakiri kare bishobora kubuza ibibazo bikomeye kandi bigafasha kubungabunga ubushobozi bwawe bwo kugenda no kugira amahoro.

Ndetse n’ubwo ibimenyetso byawe bisa nkaho ari bito, birakwiye kubivugana na muganga wawe. Gucunga gusubira kw’amagufwa bikunze kuba byoroshye iyo ubuvuzi butangiye hakiri kare, mbere y’uko ibibazo bikomeye bigaragara.

Ibyago byo gusubira kw’amagufwa ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara gusubira kw’amagufwa, nubwo kugira ibyo byago ntibisobanura ko uzabirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bifasha abaganga bawe kukukurikirana cyane kandi bagahita babona igihe cyose hari ikwirakwira.

Ibyago bikomeye harimo:

• Ubwoko bwa kanseri ishingiyeho: Kanseri y’amabere, kanseri ya prostate, kanseri y’ibihaha, impyiko na thyroid zifite ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwira mu magufwa.
• Igihe cy’uburwayi bwa kanseri: Uburibwe bukomeye cyangwa ubwo bwamaze gukwirakwira mu mikaya bufite ibyago byinshi.
• Uko hormone zifite uruhare: Zimwe muri kanseri zifite hormone zishobora gukwirakwira mu magufwa.
• Imyaka: Abantu bakuze bashobora kugira ibyago byinshi, kubera ko kanseri iba nyinshi uko umuntu akura.
• Ibibazo by’amagufwa byabanje: Ibintu nka osteoporosis bishobora gutuma amagufwa aba ashobora kwangirika.

Bimwe mu byago bidafite akamaro harimo imikorere idasanzwe ya gene, kuvurwa kwa kanseri hakoreshejwe imirasire, no kugira kanseri nyinshi. Ariko rero, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko abantu benshi bafite ibyo byago batabona gusubira kw’amagufwa, mu gihe abandi badafite ibyago bigaragara rimwe na rimwe babona.

Oncologiste yawe azisuzuma ibyo bintu byose mu gihe akora gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi n’ubukurikirane. Azagufasha gusobanukirwa urwego rwawe rw’ibyago hashingiwe ku mimerere yawe.

Ingaruka zishoboka zo gusubira kw’amagufwa ni izihe?

Nubwo gusubira kw’amagufwa bishobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi, nyinshi muri zo zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa gucungwa neza hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye. Gusobanukirwa ibyashoboka bigufasha kumenya ibibazo hakiri kare kandi ukore hamwe n’abaganga bawe kugira ngo mubikemure vuba.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo harimo:

• Amagufwa kuvunika: Amagufwa asenyutse na kanseri ashobora kuvunika mu bikorwa bisanzwe cyangwa mu gihe cy’impanuka nto.
• Umugongo gukomera: Kanseri iri mu magufwa y’umugongo ishobora gukanda umugongo wawe, bikaba bigira ingaruka ku myanya y’umubiri n’uburyo bwo kumva.
• Hypercalcemia: Umubare munini wa calcium mu maraso yawe ushobora gutera isereri, gucika intege, ibibazo by’impyiko, n’ibibazo by’umutima.
• Umugozi w’amagufwa gucika intege: Kanseri iri mu magufwa ishobora kubangamira imiterere y’amaraso, bigatuma haba anemia, ibyago byo kwandura, cyangwa ibibazo byo kuva amaraso.
• Ububabare buhoraho: Uburemere buhoraho bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi n’ubuzima bwawe.

Ingaruka zidafite akamaro ariko zikomeye zishobora kuba harimo ibibazo by’imitsi biturutse ku mugongo, ibibazo by’impyiko biturutse ku mubare munini wa calcium, cyangwa impinduka zikomeye z’amaraso zisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kwandura mu magufwa, cyane cyane niba barakoze ibikorwa ku magufwa cyangwa bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa cyangwa gucungwa neza iyo zafashwe hakiri kare. Abaganga bawe bazakukurikirana cyane kandi bafite ibikoresho byinshi bifasha kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe n’imikorere yawe.

Gusubira kw’amagufwa bipimwa bite?

Kumenya gusubira kw’amagufwa bisanzwe bikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwo gusuzuma amashusho, rimwe na rimwe hagakorwa biopsie kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari seli za kanseri mu magufwa yawe. Muganga wawe azahitamo uburyo bwiza bw’ibizamini hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe n’amateka yawe y’ubuzima.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma busanzwe butangira hakoreshejwe amashusho. Ubusanzwe, ubu buryo bwa mbere ni ubugenzuzi bw’amagufwa kuko bugaragaza ibikorwa bya kanseri mu magufwa yawe yose icyarimwe. Muri icyo kizami, uhabwa umwanya muto w’ibintu bya radioactive binyuze mu iv, ibyo bigenda mu magufwa kandi bigaragara ku mashusho yihariye.

CT scan na MRI scan bitanga amashusho arambuye y’ibice byihariye kandi bishobora kugaragaza amagufwa n’imiterere y’imbere. Ibyo bizami bifasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa aho kanseri iherereye n’uburyo igira ingaruka ku miterere iri hafi.

PET scan ishobora kandi gukoreshwa, rimwe na rimwe ifatanije na CT scan, kugira ngo ibone amakuru arambuye ku bikorwa bya kanseri.

X-rays ishobora gufatwa mu bice byihariye aho ubona ububabare, nubwo isanzwe igaragaza gusubira kw’amagufwa nyuma y’uko amagufwa yangiritse cyane.

Rimwe na rimwe, biopsie y’amagufwa irakenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza icyo ari cyo kandi hamenyekane ubwoko bwa seli za kanseri ziriho. Ibyo bikubiyemo gufata igice gito cy’amagufwa, bikunze gukorwa n’umwenge mu gihe uhabwa anesthésie kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare.

Ubuvuzi bwo kuvura gusubira kw’amagufwa ni iki?

Ubuvuzi bwo kuvura gusubira kw’amagufwa bugamije kugenzura gukura kwa kanseri, gucunga ububabare, kwirinda ingaruka, no kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe. Gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi izahuzwa n’ubwoko bwa kanseri yawe, uko amagufwa yagwiririye, n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Ubuvuzi bwo mu mubiri bugamije seli za kanseri mu mubiri wawe kandi bushobora kuba:

• Chemotherapy: Imiti igenda mu maraso yawe kugira ngo irwanye seli za kanseri aho ziri hose.
• Hormone therapy: Ku kanseri zifite hormone nka kanseri y’amabere cyangwa kanseri ya prostate, iyo miti ibuza hormone zongerera ubukura bwa kanseri.
• Targeted therapy: Imiti mishya irwanya ibintu byihariye bya seli za kanseri.
• Immunotherapy: Ubuvuzi bufasha ubudahangarwa bwawe bwo kurwanya kanseri.

Ubuvuzi bw’amagufwa bufasha kurinda amagufwa yawe no gucunga ibimenyetso:

• Bisphosphonates: Imiti nka pamidronate cyangwa zoledronic acid ifasha gukomeza amagufwa no kugabanya ibyago byo kuvunika.
• Denosumab: Imiti mishya ikora itandukanye na bisphosphonates ariko ifasha kurinda amagufwa.
• Radiation therapy: Imirasire igeramiye ahantu runaka ishobora kugabanya uburibwe mu magufwa kandi ikagabanya ububabare.
• Ubuvuzi: Rimwe na rimwe birakenewe kugira ngo amagufwa akomeze adakora ikibazo cyo kuvunika cyangwa kuvura amagufwa yamaze kuvunika.

Guhangana n’ububabare ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’ubuvuzi kandi bishobora kuba harimo imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti igabanya ububabare, cyangwa uburyo bwihariye nko guhagarika imitsi. Abaganga bawe bazakorana nawe kugira ngo bashake uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n’ububabare.

Uko wacunga gusubira kw’amagufwa iwawe

Kwita ku buzima bwawe iwawe ni ingenzi mu gucunga gusubira kw’amagufwa hamwe n’ubuvuzi bwawe. Uburyo bworoshye bushobora kugufasha kuguma ufite amahoro no kugabanya ibyago byo kugira ingaruka.

Guhangana n’ububabare iwawe bitangira ufata imiti yawe uko yagenewe. Ntugategereze ububabare bukabije mbere yo gufata imiti, kuko biroroshye kwirinda ububabare kurusha kubuvura iyo bimaze gukomera. Komereza ku kwandika ibijyanye n’ububabare kugira ngo ufashe abaganga bawe gusobanukirwa icyakora neza kuri wewe.

Imikino myoroheje, uko byemejwe na muganga wawe, ishobora gufasha kubungabunga imbaraga z’amagufwa n’imiterere y’umubiri muri rusange. Ibyo bishobora kuba harimo kugenda, koga, cyangwa imyitozo ngororamubiri. Irinde ibikorwa bikomeye cyangwa imikino ishobora kongera ibyago byo kuvunika, ariko kuguma ufite ibikorwa bishoboka ni byiza muri rusange.

Ibiryo bigira uruhare mu kwita kuri wewe. Kurya indyo yuzuye ifite calcium na vitamine D bihagije bishyigikira ubuzima bw’amagufwa, nubwo ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n’imiti kuko calcium nyinshi ishobora kuba ikibazo. Kuguma ufite amazi ahagije ni ingenzi, cyane cyane niba ufashe imiti runaka ikomeza amagufwa.

Umutekano w’iwe uraba ingenzi cyane iyo ufite gusubira kw’amagufwa. Kuraho ibintu bishobora gutera kugwa nka tapi zidashikamye, komeza umuriro mwiza mu rugo rwawe, kandi utekereze gukoresha ibikoresho bifasha nka grab bars mu bwiherero cyangwa handrails ku ndunduro. Ibyo bintu byoroshye bishobora gufasha kwirinda kugwa bishobora gutera kuvunika.

Kwirinda ibimenyetso bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa, nko kubabara gishya cyangwa gikomeye, ibimenyetso byo kwandura, cyangwa ibimenyetso by’umubare munini wa calcium nko kugira isereri cyangwa gucika intege. Kugira gahunda isobanutse y’igihe ukwiye kuvugana n’abaganga bawe biguha icyizere mu gucunga uburwayi bwawe.

Uko wakwitegura ku bw’ibyo uzahura na muganga wawe

Kwitunganya mbere y’ibyo uzahura na muganga wawe bigufasha kugira ngo ubone igihe cyiza cyo kuvugana n’abaganga bawe. Gutegura gato bishobora kugufasha gutanga amakuru neza kandi bikaba byiza ko ibibazo byawe byose byakemuwe.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye, icyabikiza cyangwa icyabikomeza, n’uburyo bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi. Ba uhamya ku bijyanye n’ububabare, ukoresheje urwego rwa 1 kugeza kuri 10 niba ibyo bigufasha kuvuga uburemere.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose ufata, harimo imiti y’abaganga, imiti yo mu maduka, vitamine, n’ibindi. Fata umwanya wo kwandika umubare w’imiti n’igihe uyifata. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe kwirinda imiti mibi kandi asobanukirwa icyakora kuri wewe.

Tegura urutonde rw’ibibazo ushaka kubabaza. Ibintu by’ingenzi bishobora kuba harimo uburyo bwo kuvura, ingaruka ziteganijwe, ibikorwa byo kwirinda, ibimenyetso byo kwitondera, n’uburyo bwo kuvugana n’abaganga hagati y’ibyo uzahura na bo. Ntugire ikibazo cyo kubabaza icyakubangamiye.

Tegura kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti yawe mu gihe uzahura na muganga. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe mu gihe cy’ibyo uzahura na muganga kandi bagatanga inkunga yo mu mutima. Abantu benshi babona ko ari byiza kugira amatwi y’inyongera mu gihe bavuga ku makuru akomeye y’ubuvuzi.

Zana ibizami byawe bya vuba cyangwa amashusho yavuye ku bandi baganga, kandi utegure kuvuga amateka yawe y’ubuzima, harimo ubuvuzi bwakozwe mbere n’uburyo wabisubije.

Icyingenzi cyo kuzirikana ku gusubira kw’amagufwa ni iki?

Gusubira kw’amagufwa ni uburwayi bukomeye, ariko nanone ni uburwayi aho iterambere ry’ubuvuzi ryateje imbere uburyo bwo kuvura n’ubuzima bwiza bw’abantu babufite. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko nturi wenyine, kandi hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gucunga ibimenyetso no kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe.

Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bigira uruhare mu mibereho. Niba ufite ububabare bw’amagufwa cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bibangamira, cyane cyane niba ufite amateka ya kanseri, ntutinye kuvugana n’abaganga bawe. Ubuvuzi bugezweho bushobora gucunga gusubira kw’amagufwa neza, kugabanya ububabare, no kwirinda ingaruka.

Uruhare rwawe mu kwita kuri wewe rugira uruhare runini. Gufata imiti uko yagenewe, kuguma ufite ibikorwa bishoboka, kugira imirire myiza, no kuvugana neza n’abaganga bawe byose bigira uruhare mu mibereho myiza.

Nubwo gusubira kw’amagufwa bihindura urugendo rwawe rw’ubuzima, abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho mu buzima bujyanye n’ubuvuzi bukwiye n’inkunga. Shyira imbaraga mu byo ushobora gukora, shyigikirwa n’abantu bakuzengurutse, kandi ukore hamwe n’abaganga bawe kugira ngo mugire gahunda nziza ku mimerere yawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku gusubira kw’amagufwa

Gusubira kw’amagufwa buhora bubabaza?

Oya. Nubwo ububabare bw’amagufwa ari bwo bimenyetso bisanzwe, bamwe mu bantu bafite gusubira kw’amagufwa babona ububabare buke cyangwa nta bubabare na mba, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro. Uburemere bw’ububabare butandukana cyane bitewe n’aho gusubira kw’amagufwa biherereye, uko amagufwa yagwiririye, n’uburyo umuntu yihanganira ububabare. Niyo mpamvu gukurikirana buri gihe hakoreshejwe amashusho ari ingenzi n’ubwo wumva umeze neza.

Gusubira kw’amagufwa birashobora gukira?

Nubwo gusubira kw’amagufwa bisanzwe bita ko bitakira, bishobora gucungwa neza igihe kirekire. Ubuvuzi bugezweho bushobora kugabanya uburibwe, kugabanya ibimenyetso, kwirinda ingaruka, no kunoza ubuzima. Abantu benshi babaho imyaka myinshi bafite gusubira kw’amagufwa biyobowe neza, bakagira ubuzima buhamye kandi buhimbaye.

Nzagomba guhagarika ibikorwa byose by’umubiri?

Abantu benshi bashobora gukomeza ibikorwa bimwe by’umubiri, nubwo ushobora gukenera guhindura gahunda yawe. Abaganga bawe bazatanga amabwiriza yihariye hashingiwe ku magufwa yagwiririye n’ibyago byo kuvunika. Muri rusange, ibikorwa bidakomeye nko kugenda, koga, cyangwa yoga myoroheje birakenewe, mu gihe ibikorwa bikomeye cyangwa imikino ikomeye bikwiye kwirindwa.

Nzingahe nzaba nkeneye gusuzuma no gukurikirana?

Gahunda yo gukurikirana itandukana hashingiwe ku mimerere yawe, ariko abantu benshi bagira ibyo bahura na muganga buri mezi make mu ntangiriro. Muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka amashusho buri mezi 3-6 kugira ngo akurikirane uko ubuvuzi bukora. Ibizamini by’amaraso byo kugenzura umubare wa calcium n’ibindi bimenyetso bishobora gukorwa kenshi, cyane cyane mu gihe utangiye kuvurwa.

Hariho ibiryo byo kwirinda nakwiye gukurikiza?

Abantu benshi ntibakenera kwirinda ibiryo, ariko muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kugabanya calcium niba umubare wa calcium mu maraso yawe ari mwinshi. Muri rusange, kugira imirire yuzuye ni ingenzi. Imiti imwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura gusubira kw’amagufwa ikora neza iyo ifashwe udafite ikintu mu gifu, bityo abaganga bawe bazatanga amabwiriza yihariye ku bijyanye no kurya no gufata imiti.