Ese ni iki kibyimba mu bwonko? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Ibyimba mu bwonko ni ukwaguka kw'uturemangingo mu bwonko bwawe cyangwa mu mubiri utukikije. Uku kwaguka bishobora kuba ari ubwiza (bitari kanseri) cyangwa bubi (kanseri), kandi nubwo ijambo "ibyimba" rishobora gutera ubwoba, ibyinshi mu byimba byo mu bwonko bivurwa neza.

Ubwongok bwawe bugenzura byose umubiri wawe ukora, bityo iyo kibyimba cyabayeho, gishobora kugira ingaruka ku mirimo itandukanye bitewe n'aho giherereye. Tekereza ubwonko bwawe nk'umutwe wa mudasobwa - ibice bitandukanye bigira imirimo itandukanye, bityo ibimenyetso biterwa n'aho "dosiye" ikora.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibyimba byo mu bwonko?

Ibimenyetso by'ibyimba byo mu bwonko bigaragara iyo umubiri ukura ushyira igitutu ku mubiri w'ubwonko cyangwa ukabuza imikorere isanzwe y'ubwonko. Ibimenyetso ubona biterwa ahanini n'aho kibyimba giherereye n'uburyo gikura vuba.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe abantu babona:

• Kubabara umutwe: Akenshi kuba kibi cyane mu gitondo cyangwa uri kuryamye, bitandukanye n'ububabare busanzwe bw'umutwe
• Imihindagurikire: Imihindagurikire mishya mu bakuru, cyane cyane abarengeje imyaka 20, ikeneye kwitabwaho byihuse
• Guhinduka kw'ubwenge: Kubura ubwenge, kubona ibintu bibiri, cyangwa kubura ubwenge bwo kubona
• Gukoma mu magambo: Kugira ikibazo cyo gushaka amagambo, kuvuga amagambo adasobanutse, cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kumva abandi
• Ibibazo byo kugendera: Kuzenguruka, kudakira, cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza
• Ubusembwa cyangwa ubukonje: Akenshi bikora ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka no gutekereza: Kugira ikibazo cyo gutekereza, kwibagirwa, cyangwa guhinduka kw'imico
• Isesemi no kuruka: Cyane cyane iyo bifatanije n'ububabare bw'umutwe

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibimenyetso bitazwi cyane nko guhinduka kw'ijwi, kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima, cyangwa ubusembwa bwo mu maso. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuza buhoro buhoro mu byumweru cyangwa amezi, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe bigaragara vuba.

Ni iyihe mitype y'ibyimba byo mu bwonko?

Ibyimba byo mu bwonko bigabanywamo ibice bibiri by'ingenzi: ibyimba by'ibanze bitangira mu bwonko n'ibyimba byinjira bituruka ahandi mu mubiri. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Ibyimba by'ibanze byo mu bwonko bituruka mu mubiri w'ubwonko ubwawo. Ubwoko busanzwe harimo:

• Gliomas: Bituruka kuri glial cells zifasha neuroni zo mu bwonko, harimo astrocytomas na oligodendrogliomas
• Meningiomas: Bikura mu mpinga zizengurutse ubwonko, akenshi biba bitari kanseri kandi bikura buhoro buhoro
• Pituitary adenomas: Bikura mu gice cy'ubwonko gishinzwe gukora imisemburo, akenshi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'imisemburo
• Acoustic neuromas: Bikura ku mitsi igenzura kumva no kugendera
• Medulloepitheliomas: Ibyimba bidafite akamaro akenshi biboneka mu bana

Ibyimba byinjira mu bwonko ni byo bisanzwe kurusha iby'ibanze. Ibi bibaho iyo kanseri yo mu gice cy'umubiri wawe ikwirakwira mu bwonko, akenshi ituruka mu bihaha, mu mabere, mu mpyiko, cyangwa kanseri y'uruhu.

Ubwoko buke harimo craniopharyngiomas (hafi y'igice cy'ubwonko gishinzwe gukora imisemburo), choroid plexus tumors (mu myanya y'ubwonko), na primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizamenya ubwoko nyabwo binyuze mu buryo bwo kubona amashusho n'igihe kimwe cyangwa ikindi.

Ese ni iki gitera ibyimba byo mu bwonko?

Impamvu nyamukuru y'ibyimba byinshi byo mu bwonko ntirazwi, ariko abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago. Ibyinshi mu byimba byo mu bwonko bikura kubera impinduka z'imvange z'uturemangingo aho kuba indwara zirakomoka.

Dore ibyago bizwi n'impamvu zishoboka:

• Kuba hafi y'imirasire: Kubona imirasire mbere mu mutwe cyangwa kuba hafi y'imirasire ya atomu
• Indwara z'imvange: Indwara zirakomoka zidafite akamaro nka neurofibromatosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, cyangwa von Hippel-Lindau disease
• Imyaka: Ibyago byiyongera uko umuntu akura, nubwo ubwoko bumwe busanzwe mu bana
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke bafite ibyago byinshi
• Amateka y'umuryango: Kugira abavandimwe bafite ibyimba byo mu bwonko byongera gato ibyago

Zimwe mu mpamvu nke harimo kuba hafi y'ibintu bimwe na bimwe nka vinyl chloride cyangwa formaldehyde mu mirimo. Bitandukanye n'ibyifuzo bisanzwe, telefoni zigendanwa n'amashanyarazi ntabwo byagaragaye ko biterwa n'ibyimba byo mu bwonko mu bushakashatsi buriho.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzabona ibyimba byo mu bwonko. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago ntibabona ibyimba, naho abandi badafite ibyago bizwi babibona.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubimenyetso by'ibyimba byo mu bwonko?

Ukwiye kuvugana n'umuganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ubwonko bikomeye cyangwa bikomeza kuba kibi, cyane cyane niba ari bishya cyangwa bitandukanye n'ibyo wari usanzwe ufite. Kwipimisha hakiri kare bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu musaruro.

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga byihuse niba ufite:

• Ububabare bw'umutwe butunguranye kandi bukomeye butari bumenyerewe
• Imihindagurikire mishya, cyane cyane mu bakuru
• Ubusembwa cyangwa ubukonje butunguranye ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri
• Kubura ubwenge butunguranye cyangwa guhinduka kubi cyane kw'ubwenge
• Gukoma mu magambo cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kumva
• Ibibazo bikomeye byo kugendera cyangwa kubura ubushobozi bwo guhuza

Tegura gahunda yo kubona muganga kubimenyetso nko kubabara umutwe bikomeza kuba kibi, guhinduka gato mu kwibuka, cyangwa ibibazo byoroheje byo guhuza. Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba bifite impamvu nyinshi uretse ibyimba byo mu bwonko, bihora ari byiza kubipima.

Gira icyizere icyo umubiri wawe ukubwira - niba hari ikintu cyumvikana gitandukanye ku mitekerereze yawe, imikorere, cyangwa ibyiyumvo, ni byiza kubivugana n'umuganga wawe. Bashobora kugufasha kumenya niba ukeneye ibizamini by'inyongera.

Ni ibihe byago by'ibyimba byo mu bwonko?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza ku buzima bwawe, nubwo ari ngombwa kwibuka ko abantu benshi bafite ibyago ntibabona ibyimba byo mu bwonko. Ibi byago byongera gusa amahirwe yo kubona ibyimba.

Ibyago by'ingenzi harimo:

• Imyaka: Ibyinshi mu byimba byo mu bwonko bibaho mu bantu barengeje imyaka 65, nubwo ubwoko bumwe bugira ingaruka ku bana cyane
• Igitsina: Abagabo babona ibyimba byo mu bwonko kenshi kurusha abagore, uretse meningiomas
• Ubwoko bw'uruhu n'akarere: Abazungu bafite umubare munini w'ubwoko bumwe bw'ibyimba byo mu bwonko nka gliomas
• Kuvurwa kanseri mbere: Imirasire mu mutwe yongera ibyago nyuma y'imyaka
• Indwara z'imvange: Indwara nka neurofibromatosis type 1 na 2, tuberous sclerosis, cyangwa Lynch syndrome
• Ibibazo by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: HIV / SIDA cyangwa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri nyuma yo kubagwa

Bimwe mu byago bike harimo kuba hafi y'ibintu bimwe na bimwe by'inganda, imvune mu mutwe mbere hamwe n'amagufwa y'umutwe, cyangwa kuba warabonye imiti yo gukura ituruka ku bantu bapfuye (nta gikoreshwa).

Ibintu byo mu kirere nko gutura hafi y'imirongo y'amashanyarazi, gukoresha telefoni zigendanwa, cyangwa ibyo kurya ntibyagaragaye ko bifitanye isano n'ibyimba byo mu bwonko mu bushakashatsi buriho. Benshi mu bantu bafite ibyimba byo mu bwonko babibona nta mpamvu izwi.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka by'ibyimba byo mu bwonko?

Ibibazo by'ibyimba byo mu bwonko biterwa n'ingano yacyo, aho giherereye, n'uburyo gikura. Nubwo aya makuru ashobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa ibibazo bishoboka bigufasha gukorana n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga kugira ngo ubikumire cyangwa ubigenzure neza.

Ibibazo bisanzwe harimo:

• Igipimo cy'umuvuduko mu bwonko: Bishobora gutera ububabare bukomeye bw'umutwe, isesemi, n'ibibazo by'ubwenge
• Imihindagurikire: Bishobora kubaho nubwo ari ibyimba bitari kanseri, ariko akenshi bigengwa neza n'imiti
• Guhinduka mu bwenge: Ibibazo byo kwibuka, kugira ikibazo cyo gutekereza, cyangwa guhinduka kw'imico
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenda: Ubusembwa, ubumuga, cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza
• Guhinduka kw'ibyiyumvo: Ibibazo by'ubwenge, kumva, cyangwa ibyiyumvo
• Ibibazo byo kuvuga no kuvuga: Ibibazo byo kuvuga, kumva, gusoma, cyangwa kwandika

Ibibazo bike ariko bikomeye bishobora kuba harimo hydrocephalus (amazi mu bwonko), ubwonko guhindagurika kubera kubyimbagira cyane, cyangwa kudahuza kw'imisemburo niba kibyimba kigira ingaruka ku gice cy'ubwonko gishinzwe gukora imisemburo.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ibibazo byinshi bishobora gugenzurwa cyangwa bikumirwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakukurikirana hafi kandi rigahindura ubuvuzi kugira ngo bigabanye ibyo byago mu gihe kivura neza kibyimba.

Ese ibyimba byo mu bwonko bipimwa bite?

Kumenya ibyimba byo mu bwonko bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi, bitangirira ku mateka yawe y'ubuzima n'ibimenyetso. Muganga wawe azakora isuzuma ry'ubwonko kugira ngo abone uko ubwonko bwawe bukora, uko buhuza, n'imikorere yabwo.

Uburyo bwo kubona amashusho busanzwe burimo:

1. Isuzuma ry'ubwonko: Ibizamini by'ubwenge, kumva, kugendera, guhuza, n'imikorere y'umubiri
2. MRI scan: Ibizamini by'amashusho by'ibyimba byo mu bwonko, akenshi bikorwa hakoreshejwe amabara
3. CT scan: Bishobora gukoreshwa mbere cyangwa niba MRI itashoboka
4. Biopsy: Gufata igice gito cy'umubiri kugira ngo umenye ubwoko nyabwo bw'ibyimba
5. Ibizamini by'inyongera: Bishobora kuba harimo PET scans, angiography, cyangwa lumbar puncture mu bihe bimwe na bimwe

Rimwe na rimwe muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka MRI sequences nka diffusion tensor imaging cyangwa magnetic resonance spectroscopy kugira ngo asobanukirwe neza imiterere y'ibyimba. Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kureba ibimenyetso by'ibyimba cyangwa impinduka z'imvange.

Biopsy ishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi cyangwa rimwe na rimwe hakoreshejwe umugozi utozwa n'amashusho. Iyi ntambwe ni ingenzi kuko ubuvuzi bushingiye cyane ku kumenya ubwoko nyabwo n'ikirego cy'ibyimba ufite.

Ese ubuvuzi bw'ibyimba byo mu bwonko bumeze bute?

Ubuvuzi bw'ibyimba byo mu bwonko bugengwa n'ubwoko bw'ibyimba, ingano yabyo, aho biherereye, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Intego ni ukukuraho cyangwa kugenzura kibyimba mu gihe ubungabunga imikorere y'ubwonko uko bishoboka kose.

Uburyo bwo kuvura harimo:

• Ubuvuzi: Akenshi ni ubuvuzi bwa mbere bwo gukuraho kibyimba uko bishoboka kose
• Imirasire: Imirasire ikomeye yo kurimbura uturemangingo tw'ibyimba dushigaje
• Chemotherapy: Imiti yo kwica uturemangingo twa kanseri, itangwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu mitsu
• Ubuvuzi bugamije: Imiti itera ibintu byihariye by'uturemangingo tw'ibyimba
• Immunotherapy: Ubuvuzi bufasha ubudahangarwa bwawe kurwanya kibyimba
• Imiti ya Steroid: Kugabanya kubyimbagira kw'ubwonko n'ibimenyetso bifitanye isano

Uburyo buhanitse nka stereotactic radiosurgery bushobora kugera ku byimba neza hakoreshejwe imirasire yibanze. Bamwe mu barwayi bashobora kubona ubuvuzi nka tumor treating fields (electrical field therapy) cyangwa kwitabira igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi rigerageza uburyo bushya.

Uburyo bwawe bwo kuvura bushobora guhuza uburyo butandukanye. Urugero, ushobora kubagwa ukakurikirwa n'imirasire na chemotherapy. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagusobanurira buri ntambwe kandi rizagufasha kumva icyo utegereje.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo mu gihe cyo kuvurwa ibyimba byo mu bwonko

Kwitwara mu buzima bwa buri munsi mu gihe cyo kuvurwa ibyimba byo mu bwonko bisaba kwihangana nawe ubwawe n'ingamba zifatika. Impinduka nto mu mirimo yawe zishobora kunoza cyane uko wumva n'ubuzima bwawe.

Dore uburyo bufasha kubimenyetso bisanzwe:

• Kubabara umutwe: Kora gahunda yo kuryama, komera amazi, kandi koresha imiti yatanzwe nk'uko byategetswe
• Kubura imbaraga: Tegura ibikorwa by'ingenzi mu gihe wumva ufite imbaraga, akenshi mu gitondo
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka: Koresha kalendari, ibikoresho byo kubika imiti, n'ibibutsa bya terefoni
• Ibibazo byo kugendera: Kuraho ibintu bishobora gutera impanuka, koresha ibikoresho byo gufata, kandi tekereza ku gikoresho cyo kugendera niba bibaye ngombwa
• Isesemi: Funga ibiryo bike, byinshi kandi wirinde impumuro ikomeye
• Kugira imihindagurikire: Fata imiti nk'uko byategetswe kandi wirinde ibintu bizwi ko bitera imihindagurikire

Imikino yoroheje nko kugenda ishobora kugufasha kugumana imbaraga n'ibyishimo, ariko ujye ubimenyesha muganga wawe mbere. Bamwe mu bantu basanga imyitozo yo gutekereza, yoga yoroheje, cyangwa imyitozo yo guhumeka ifasha mu guhangana n'umunaniro n'ihungabana.

Kora ibitabo by'ibimenyetso kugira ngo ukureho ibishushanyo hanyuma ubisangize itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga. Aya makuru arabafasha guhindura gahunda yawe yo kuvura no gucunga ingaruka mbi neza.

Uko wakwitegura gahunda yawe yo kubona muganga

Kwitwara mu gihe cyo kubona muganga bigufasha kugira icyo umara mu gihe cyawe hamwe n'itsinda ry'abaganga. Zana umuntu ukuri kumwe niba bishoboka, kuko bashobora kukwibutsa amakuru no gutanga inkunga yo mu mutima.

Mbere yo kubona muganga:

1. Andika ibimenyetso byawe: Harimo igihe byatangiye, uko kenshi bibaho, n'icyo biba byiza cyangwa biba bibi
2. Andika imiti yose: Harimo imiti y'amabwiriza, imiti yo mu maduka, n'ibindi
3. Kora dosiye y'ubuvuzi: Ibizamini by'amashusho byabanje, ibisubizo by'ibizamini, n'ibitabo by'inzobere
4. Tegura ibibazo: Andika byose ushaka kubaza
5. Zana amakuru y'ubwishingizi: Amakarita n'ibindi byangombwa

Ibibazo byiza byo kubaza harimo: Ese ni ubwoko ki bw'ibyimba mfite? Ni iyihe miti mfite? Ni iyihe byago n'inyungu bya buri buryo? Ubuvuzi buzagira iyihe ngaruka ku buzima bwanjye bwa buri munsi? Ni iyihe nkunga iboneka?

Ntukabe ikibazo cyo gusaba ibisobanuro niba hari ikintu kitasobanutse. Saba amakuru yandikiwe cyangwa imbuga za interineti zizwi aho ushobora kumenya byinshi. Ibuka ko nta kibazo gito cyane iyo bigeze ku gusobanukirwa ubuzima bwawe.

Icyingenzi cyo kuzirikana ku byimba byo mu bwonko

Ibyimba byo mu bwonko ni indwara zikomeye zisaba kwitabwaho byihuse, ariko iterambere mu buvuzi ryongereye cyane umusaruro ku bantu benshi. Icyingenzi ni ugupima hakiri kare no gukorana hafi n'itsinda ry'abaganga bafite ubunararibonye.

Ibuka ko atari ibyimba byose byo mu bwonko ari kanseri, kandi ndetse n'ibyimba bibi bishobora kuvurwa neza cyangwa bigacungwa imyaka myinshi. Uko ubuzima bwawe buzaba bimeze biterwa n'ibintu byinshi harimo ubwoko bw'ibyimba, aho biherereye, ingano yabyo, n'uko byafashwe hakiri kare.

Ibanda ku byo ushobora kugenzura: gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvura, kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, no kubaka umuryango ukomeye ugushyigikira. Abantu benshi bafite ibyimba byo mu bwonko bakomeza kubaho mu buzima buhimbaye mu gihe cyo kuvurwa no nyuma yacyo.

Gukomeza guhuza n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga kandi ntutinye kuvugana nabo igihe ufite impungenge. Bahari kugushyigikira muri buri ntambwe y'inzira yawe.

Ibibazo byakajya bibazwa ku byimba byo mu bwonko

Q1: Ese ibyimba byo mu bwonko bishobora gukumirwa?

Ibyinshi mu byimba byo mu bwonko ntibishobora gukumirwa kuko bikura kubera impinduka z'imvange z'uturemangingo. Ariko rero, ushobora kugabanya ibyago bimwe na bimwe mu kwirinda imirasire idakenewe no kugira imibereho myiza. Niba ufite indwara y'imvange yongera ibyago by'ibyimba byo mu bwonko, gukurikiranwa n'umuganga wawe ni ngombwa.

Q2: Ese ibyimba byo mu bwonko bihora bica?

Oya, ibyimba byinshi byo mu bwonko ntibicamo. Ibyimba bitari kanseri nka meningiomas akenshi bifite umusaruro mwiza mu buvuzi. Ndetse na bimwe mu byimba bibi bishobora kuvurwa neza cyangwa bigacungwa imyaka myinshi. Ibipimo byo gukira bitandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibyimba, aho biherereye, n'ibintu byihariye, bityo ni ngombwa kuganira ku kibazo cyawe n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga.

Q3: Ese telefoni zigendanwa ziterwa n'ibyimba byo mu bwonko?

Ubushakashatsi buriho ntabwo bugaragaza isano iri hagati yo gukoresha telefoni zigendanwa n'ibyimba byo mu bwonko. Ubushakashatsi bunini bukurikira abakoresha telefoni zigendanwa imyaka myinshi ntabwo bwagaragaje umubare munini w'ibyimba byo mu bwonko. Ariko, ubushakashatsi burakomeza uko ikoranabuhanga rihindagurika. Niba uhangayitse, ushobora gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu ntoki cyangwa speakerphone.

Q4: Ese ibyimba byo mu bwonko bishobora kuvumburwa hakiri kare?

Ibyimba byo mu bwonko ntabwo bifite ibizamini byo kubipima nk'izindi kanseri, ariko kwita ku bimenyetso by'ubwonko bikomeye bishobora gutuma bivumburwa hakiri kare. Ibimenyetso nko kubabara umutwe bishya, guhinduka kw'ubwenge, cyangwa imihindagurikire bikwiye gutuma upimwa. Kubimenya hakiri kare akenshi bigira uruhare mu musaruro mwiza w'ubuvuzi.

Q5: Ese nzakenera kubagwa mu bwonko?

Si buri wese ufite ibyimba byo mu bwonko ukeneye kubagwa. Ubuvuzi biterwa n'ibintu nko ubwoko bw'ibyimba, ingano yabyo, aho biherereye, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Ibyimba bike, bikura buhoro buhoro bishobora gukenera gukurikiranwa gusa. Ibindi bishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imirasire cyangwa imiti. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizagusaba uburyo bwiza ku kibazo cyawe.