Eseme ry’umutima wavunitse ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Eseme ry’umutima wavunitse ni uburwayi nyakuri aho umutima wawe ucika intege by’igihe gito nyuma y’umunaniro ukomeye wo mu mutwe cyangwa mu mubiri. Banamazwa nka cardiomyopathy iterwa n’umunaniro cyangwa takotsubo syndrome, bisa nkaho ari ikibazo cy’umutima ariko ntabwo biterwa n’imitsi ifunze. Umusarani w’umutima wawe uhindura ishusho, ugatera umunzani usa n’igikombe cy’uburobyi bw’Abayapani kitwa “takotsubo.”

Ubu burwayi bugira ingaruka cyane ku bagore barengeje imyaka 50, nubwo bushobora kubaho kuri buri wese. Inkuru nziza ni uko eseme ry’umutima wavunitse akenshi riba igihe gito kandi rirakirwa neza ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ibimenyetso by’eseme ry’umutima wavunitse ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bisa cyane n’iby’ikibazo cy’umutima, ariyo mpamvu abantu benshi bahurura bajya mu bitaro byihuse. Ushobora kumva ububabare bukomeye mu gituza butuma wumva hari igikandamira cyangwa gukinisha.

Dore ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ukwiye kwitondera:

• Ububabare bukomeye mu gituza butangira mu buryo butunguranye
• Guhumeka nabi cyangwa kugorana guhumeka
• Gukubita kw’umutima kwihuta cyangwa kudakomeye
• Kuzenguruka cyangwa gucika intege
• Kubisama cyangwa kuruka
• Kwituma kurusha uko bisanzwe
• Intege nke cyangwa umunaniro
• Ububabare bukwirakwira mu kuboko, mu ijosi, cyangwa mu menyo

Ibi bimenyetso bigaragara mu minota mike kugeza ku masaha make nyuma y’ikintu cyateye umunaniro. Bitandukanye n’ikibazo cy’umutima, ububabare bushobora kuza no kugenda aho kuguma buhoraho. Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, ni ingenzi gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ihuse kuko kumenya itandukaniro hagati y’eseme ry’umutima wavunitse n’ikibazo cy’umutima bisaba isuzuma ry’umuganga.

Eseme ry’umutima wavunitse rikomoka he?

Eseme ry’umutima wavunitse ribaho iyo umunaniro utunguranye wuzuza umubiri wawe imisemburo nka adrenaline na noradrenaline. Iyi misemburo iterwa n’umunaniro ihagarika by’igihe gito umusarani w’umutima, bituma utera amaraso nabi kandi uhindura ishusho.

Ibintu byo mu mutwe bishobora gutera ubu burwayi birimo:

• Urupfu rw’umuntu ukunda
• Gutandukana cyangwa gutakaza umukunzi
• Gutakaza akazi cyangwa ibibazo by’amafaranga
• Kurwara indwara ikomeye
• Ibiza cyangwa impanuka
• Ubwoba bukomeye cyangwa ibitero by’ubwoba
• Ibirori bitunguranye cyangwa amakuru atunguranye (nubwo ari ay’ibyishimo)

Ibibazo byo mu mubiri bishobora kandi gutera eseme ry’umutima wavunitse:

• Kubagwa cyangwa kuvurwa bikomeye
• Kurwara cyangwa kwandura bikomeye
• Ububabare bukomeye bwo mu mubiri
• Imiti imwe cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe
• Gukora imyitozo ikomeye
• Ibitero bikomeye by’asthme
• Guhinduka kw’umuvuduko w’amaraso mu buryo butunguranye

Icy’ingenzi ni uko hafi 30% by’ibi bibazo bibaho nta kintu cyabiteye kizwi. Urubuga rwawe rushobora kuba rureremba cyane kuri iyi misemburo iterwa n’umunaniro, bigatuma uba mu kaga nubwo ari mu bibazo bisanzwe bya buri munsi.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona umuganga kubera eseme ry’umutima wavunitse?

Ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ihuse niba ufite ububabare mu gituza, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by’ikibazo cy’umutima. Ntugerageze kwivura cyangwa gutegereza kureba niba ibimenyetso bizagenda.

Hamagara 911 cyangwa ujye mu bitaro byihuse niba ufite:

• Ububabare bukomeye mu gituza butunguranye
• Guhumeka nabi cyangwa kugorana gufata umwuka
• Gucika intege cyangwa kuzenguruka cyane
• Gukubita kw’umutima kwihuta cyangwa buhoro cyane
• Kubisama cyane hamwe n’ububabare mu gituza

Nubwo waba ubizi ko ari “umunaniro gusa,” ibi bimenyetso bisaba isuzuma ry’abaganga ryihuse. Abaganga bo mu bitaro bashobora vuba kwihuta kumenya niba ufite ikibazo cy’umutima cyangwa eseme ry’umutima wavunitse binyuze mu bipimo nka EKG n’amaraso.

Nyuma y’igihe gikomeye, tegura gukurikirana ibiganiro n’umuganga w’umutima. Azakurikirana uko umutima wawe ukiruka kandi azagufasha kwirinda ibindi bibazo binyuze mu buryo bwo guhangana n’umunaniro.

Ibyago byo kurwara eseme ry’umutima wavunitse ni ibihe?

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigutera ibyago byo kurwara eseme ry’umutima wavunitse. Kumenya ibi byago bishobora kugufasha kumenya uko uri mu kaga no gufata ingamba zo kwirinda.

Ibyago by’ingenzi birimo:

• Kuba umugore urengeje imyaka 50 (bigize 90% by’abarwayi)
• Kuba uri mu gihe cy’imihango cyangwa umaze kuyisohoka
• Kuba waragize umunaniro cyangwa agahinda
• Kugira ikibazo cyo mu mutwe mbere cyangwa indwara y’igicuri
• Kugira ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo mu mutwe
• Kunywa imiti igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubwonko
• Kugira thyroid ikora cyane
• Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge bishishikaza cyangwa caffeine nyinshi

Ibindi byago bidafite akamaro cyane abaganga bakigerageza kwiga:

• Amateka y’umuryango w’eseme ry’umutima wavunitse
• Umunaniro uhoraho cyangwa ubuzima burimo umunaniro mwinshi
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri
• Kuvurwa na chemotherapy mbere
• Kugira migraine

Kugira ibi byago ntibisobanura ko uzahita urwara eseme ry’umutima wavunitse. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago byinshi ntibabirwara, mu gihe abandi bafite ibyago bike babirwara. Icy’ingenzi ni ukumenya ibyago byawe bwite no guhangana n’umunaniro neza.

Ingaruka zishoboka z’eseme ry’umutima wavunitse ni izihe?

Abantu benshi barakira neza eseme ry’umutima wavunitse mu minsi mike kugeza ku ndwi. Ariko, hari ingaruka zimwe na zimwe zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane mu gihe gikomeye iyo umutima wawe uri mu kaga cyane.

Ingaruka zisanzwe abaganga bareba harimo:

• Gukubita kw’umutima kudakomeye (arrhythmias)
• Kwuzuza amazi mu mwijima
• Umururuko w’amaraso muke
• Ibimenyetso byo kunanirwa kw’umutima
• Ibisasu by’amaraso bikorwa mu mutima
• Cardiogenic shock (bihoraho ariko bikomeye)

Ingaruka zidafite akamaro cyane ariko zikomeye harimo:

• Guturika kw’inkuta y’umutima (bihoraho ariko bidafite akamaro)
• Ibibazo bikomeye by’umusemburo wa mitral
• Intege nke ihoraho y’umusarani w’umutima
• Eseme ry’umutima wavunitse risubira
• Urupfu (rubaho mu munsi ya 5% by’abarwayi)

Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi bukwiye, ingaruka zikomeye ntabwo zihoraho. Umusarani w’abantu benshi usubira mu kazi ke mu ndwi. Ariko, hafi 5-10% by’abantu barwara eseme ry’umutima wavunitse ukundi, ariyo mpamvu guhangana n’umunaniro no gukurikirana umutima bihoraho ari ingenzi.

Eseme ry’umutima wavunitse ripima gute?

Kumenya eseme ry’umutima wavunitse bisaba kubanza kumenya niba atari ikibazo cy’umutima. Abaganga bo mu bitaro bazakora ibizamini byinshi vuba kugira ngo bamenye icyateye ibimenyetso.

Uburyo bwa mbere bwo gupima harimo:

• Electrocardiogram (EKG) kugira ngo urebe uko umutima ukubita
• Ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo urebe ibimenyetso by’ikibazo cy’umutima
• X-ray y’igituza kugira ngo urebe umutima n’imwijima
• Echocardiogram kugira ngo urebe uko umutima ukora
• Coronary angiogram kugira ngo urebe niba hari imitsi ifunze

Umuganga wawe azakubaza ibibazo birambuye ku byabaye mu buzima bwawe mu minsi ishize. Barashakisha ishusho isanzwe: imitsi y’umutima isanzwe ariko umusarani w’umutima utakora neza nyuma y’umunaniro ukomeye.

Ibindi bipimo bishobora kuba:

• Cardiac MRI kugira ngo urebe ishusho y’umutima mu buryo burambuye
• Ibizamini byo gusuzuma umutima
• Ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo urebe uko thyroid ikora
• Ibizamini by’inkari kugira ngo urebe ibiyobyabwenge bishishikaza

Ubuvuzi burasobanuka uko umutima wawe ukora neza. Echocardiograms zikurikirana zisanzwe zigaragaza iterambere rihoraho, byemeza ubuvuzi bw’eseme ry’umutima wavunitse aho kuba ikibazo cy’umutima gihoraho.

Ubuvuzi bw’eseme ry’umutima wavunitse ni iki?

Ubuvuzi bw’eseme ry’umutima wavunitse bugamije gushyigikira umutima wawe mu gihe ukiruka. Abantu benshi barakira neza, ariko uzakenera ubuvuzi mu gihe cyo gukira.

Ubuvuzi bwa mbere mu bitaro busanzwe burimo:

• Imiti y’umutima nka ACE inhibitors cyangwa beta-blockers
• Diuretics kugira ngo igabanye amazi
• Imiti igabanya amaraso kugira ngo irebe ko nta bisasu by’amaraso
• Imiti igenzura uko umutima ukubita
• Oxygen therapy niba bibaye ngombwa
• Kuvura ububabare mu gituza

Itsinda ry’abaganga bazakukurikirana hafi kugira ngo barebe ko nta ngaruka. Abantu benshi baba mu bitaro iminsi 2-3 mu gihe umutima wabo ukiri mu kazi.

Uburyo bwo kuvura igihe kirekire harimo:

• Gukomeza imiti y’umutima mu mezi menshi
• Gukurikirana ibiganiro n’umuganga w’umutima
• Ubujyanama cyangwa ubuvuzi bwo guhangana n’umunaniro
• Gusubira gahoro gahoro mu mirimo isanzwe
• Guhindura imibereho kugira ngo ubuzima bw’umutima bube bwiza

Igihe cyo gukira kitandukanye, ariko abantu benshi bagaragaza iterambere rikomeye mu ndwi. Umuganga wawe azakoresha echocardiograms zisubiramo kugira ngo akurikirane uko umutima wawe ukiruka kandi ahindura imiti uko bikwiye.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo ufite eseme ry’umutima wavunitse

Iyo umaze kuva mu bitaro, ukwiye kwibanda ku gukira gahoro gahoro no guhangana n’umunaniro. Umutima wawe uri gukira, rero ni ingenzi kwirinda gushyiraho umutwaro uwo ariwo wose muri iki gihe uri mu kaga.

Dore uko ushobora gushyigikira gukira kwawe:

• Fata imiti yose yagutegetswe uko yagutegetswe
• Ruhukira bihagije kandi wirinda imirimo ikomeye
• Koresha uburyo bworoshye bwo kugabanya umunaniro nko guhumeka neza
• Funga ibiryo byiza ku mutima kandi uhore unywa amazi
• Wirinda inzoga, caffeine, n’ibishishikaza
• Kwitondera ibimenyetso byawe no kubibwira umuganga

Ubufasha bwo mu mutwe ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe cyo gukira:

• Tegura ubujyanama cyangwa ubuvuzi kugira ngo usobanukirwe icyateye ikibazo
• Komeza guhurira hamwe n’umuryango n’inshuti bagushyigikiye
• Jya mu matsinda y’abantu bafite ibibazo nk’ibyawe
• Koresha uburyo bwo kuruhuka nko gutekereza cyangwa yoga yoroshye
• Komeza gahunda yo kuryama
• Kora ibikorwa bishimishije, bidakurura umunaniro

Wibuke ko gukira bisaba igihe. Gira umwanya ku gukira kwawe uko umutima wawe ukiruka kandi imbaraga zawe zigaruka. Abantu benshi bumva bameze neza mu ndwi 4-6, ariko gukira burundu bishobora gufata amezi menshi.

Eseme ry’umutima wavunitse rishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo utazibuza ibintu byose byateza umunaniro mu buzima, ushobora kubaka ubudahangarwa kandi ukiga uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n’umunaniro. Kwiringira kwibanda ku guhangana n’umunaniro no kugira ubuzima bwiza bw’umutima.

Uburyo bwo guhangana n’umunaniro neza harimo:

• Imikino ngororamubiri (uko umuganga wawe yabyemeje)
• Gukoresha uburyo bwo kuruhuka buri munsi
• Kuryama bihagije (amasaha 7-9 buri joro)
• Kugira umubano mwiza n’abandi
• Gushaka ubufasha bw’umuganga w’umutwe kubera umunaniro cyangwa agahinda
• Kwigira uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n’ibibazo
• Kwiha intego zikwiye n’imipaka

Guhitamo imibereho myiza ku mutima na byo bifasha:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye, ifite intungamubiri
• Kugabanya inzoga no kwirinda ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe
• Kudakora cyangwa kureka kunywa itabi niba ubikora
• Guhangana n’izindi ndwara nka diyabete
• Kunywa imiti uko yagutegetswe
• Gusuzuma buri gihe n’umuganga wawe

Niba warigeze urwara eseme ry’umutima wavunitse, korana n’umuganga wawe kugira ngo utegure gahunda yo kwirinda. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gukomeza imiti imwe y’umutima igihe kirekire cyangwa gukurikirana umutima kenshi.

Uko wakwitegura ibiganiro na muganga wawe

Kwitunganya ibiganiro na muganga wawe bifasha kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi bwiza. Umuganga wawe akeneye amakuru arambuye ku bimenyetso byawe n’ibyabaye mu buzima bwawe kugira ngo aguhe ubuvuzi bwiza.

Mbere y’ibiganiro byawe, kora ibi bintu:

• Andika ibimenyetso byose n’igihe byatangiye
• Andika ibintu byose byateye umunaniro mu byumweru bishize
• Zana imiti yose ukoresha n’ibindi byongerwamo
• Andika amateka yawe y’ubuzima n’amateka y’indwara z’umutima mu muryango wawe
• Andika ibimenyetso byawe by’ingenzi niba ubikurikirana mu rugo
• Tegura ibibazo ku gukira kwawe n’uko bizakugenda mu gihe kizaza

Ibibazo ukwiye kubaza umuganga wawe birimo:

• Gukira kwa njye bizamara igihe kingana iki?
• Ni ibihe bikorwa nkwiye kwirinda kandi igihe kingana iki?
• Nshobora kwirinda gute ko byongera kubaho?
• Nkeneye gukurikirana umutima wanjye buri gihe?
• Hari ibimenyetso nkwiye kwitondera?
• Nkeneye kubona umuganga wita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe?

Ntukabe ikibazo gusaba ko basobanura niba utumva ikintu. Umuganga wawe arashaka kugufasha gukira neza no kwirinda ibindi bibazo, rero kuganira neza ni ingenzi mu buvuzi bwawe.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri eseme ry’umutima wavunitse

Eseme ry’umutima wavunitse ni uburwayi nyakuri, buhoraho, buhamya uburyo umunaniro wo mu mutwe ufite aho uhuriye n’ubuzima bw’umubiri. Nubwo ubu buribwa bushobora gutera ubwoba, abantu benshi barakira neza ubuvuzi bukwiye no guhangana n’umunaniro.

Ibintu by’ingenzi wibuke ni uko ibimenyetso byawe bifite agaciro kandi bishobora kuvurwa. Ubu burwayi ntibisobanura ko uri umuntu ufite intege nke cyangwa ko uhangayikishijwe cyane n’umunaniro. Umutima wawe wasubije muri ubwo buryo imisemburo iterwa n’umunaniro, kandi uko igihe kigenda, uzakira.

Ibanda ku gukira kwawe ukurikiza inama z’abaganga, uhangane n’umunaniro, kandi wihangane mu gihe cyo gukira. Abantu benshi bava muri iki kibazo bafite ubuhanga bwo guhangana n’umunaniro kandi basobanukiwe neza uburyo umutwe n’umutima bihuriye hamwe.

Niba uri mu kaga kubera imyaka, igitsina, cyangwa urwego rw’umunaniro, korana n’abaganga bawe kugira ngo utegure uburyo bwo kwirinda. Ubuvuzi bukwiye no kumenya, ushobora kurinda umutima wawe mu gihe uhura n’ibibazo by’ubuzima.

Ibibazo byakenshi bibazwa kuri eseme ry’umutima wavunitse

Ese eseme ry’umutima wavunitse rishobora kwica?

Eseme ry’umutima wavunitse rirakomera gake, urupfu rubaho mu munsi ya 5% by’abarwayi. Abantu benshi barakira neza mu ndwi kugeza ku mezi. Ariko, rishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye nko gukubita kw’umutima kudakomeye cyangwa kunanirwa kw’umutima, ariyo mpamvu ubuvuzi bw’ihuse ari ingenzi. Ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi barakira neza.

Eseme ry’umutima wavunitse rimara igihe kingana iki?

Ibimenyetso bikomeye bisanzwe bimara iminsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru, ariko gukira kw’umutima bisanzwe bimara ibyumweru 4-8. Abantu bamwe bumva bameze neza mu minsi mike, mu gihe abandi bakenera amezi menshi kugira ngo bakire neza. Umuganga wawe azakurikirana iterambere ryawe binyuze mu bizamini byo gukurikirana kandi ahindura gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi uko bikwiye. Abantu benshi basubira mu mirimo isanzwe mu mezi 1-2.

Ese eseme ry’umutima wavunitse rishobora kubaho inshuro nyinshi?

Yego, eseme ry’umutima wavunitse rishobora kugaruka mu bantu bagera kuri 5-10% bari bararwaye mbere. Ibyago biri hejuru niba utaravura ibibazo byo guhangana n’umunaniro cyangwa niba uhura n’ikindi kintu gikomeye cyateye umunaniro. Niyo mpamvu guhangana n’umunaniro no gukomeza imiti y’umutima rimwe na rimwe ari ingenzi mu kwirinda.

Ese eseme ry’umutima wavunitse riri kimwe n’ikibazo cy’umutima?

Oya, eseme ry’umutima wavunitse n’ikibazo cy’umutima ni uburwayi butandukanye, nubwo bishobora kumera kimwe. Ibibazo by’umutima bibaho iyo imitsi igana ku mutima ifunze, bigatera ibibazo bihoraho. Eseme ry’umutima wavunitse ririmo intege nke y’umusarani w’umutima idafite imitsi ifunze, kandi umutima usanzwe ukiruka neza. Byombi bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihuse kugira ngo hamenyekane neza.

Ese abagabo barwara eseme ry’umutima wavunitse?

Yego, abagabo barwara eseme ry’umutima wavunitse, nubwo bidafite akamaro cyane. Hafi 90% by’abarwayi ni abagore, cyane cyane abarengeje imyaka 50. Iyo abagabo babirwaye, akenshi baba bakiri bato kandi bafite ibibazo byo mu mubiri aho kuba ibyo mu mutwe. Ibimenyetso, ubuvuzi, no gukira bisa uko igitsina cyaba kiri cyose.