Icyo Bronchiolitis Aricyo? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Uko Ivurwa

Bronchiolitis ni indwara ikunze kugaragara mu bihaha, ikaba igira ingaruka ku mitsi mito mito yo mu bihaha by’uruhinja cyangwa umwana muto, yitwa bronchioles. Iyi mitsi mito iba yabubutse kandi yuzuyemo umusemburo, bigatuma umwana agorwa no guhumeka neza.

Iyi ndwara ikunda kwibasira abana bari munsi y’imyaka 2, aho ubwandu bwinshi bukunze kugaragara hagati y’amezi 3 na 6. Nubwo bishobora gutera ubwoba umubyeyi, abana benshi barakira neza mu rugo bafashwe neza kandi bakaruhuka bihagije.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya bronchiolitis?

Bronchiolitis ikunze gutangira nk’igicurane gisanzwe, hanyuma buhoro buhoro ikagira ingaruka ku guhumeka kw’umwana mu gihe cy’iminsi mike. Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara buhoro buhoro, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugufasha kumenya icyaba kibaye.

Dore ibimenyetso bya mbere ushobora kubona:

• Kuzana amazuru cyangwa amazuru afunze
• Umuhango muke (ukunda kuba munsi ya 38.3°C)
• Inkorora nto ishobora kumvikana nk’umye mu ntangiro
• Igisubizo gito cy’uburwayi
• Gucika intege cyangwa kurakara

Uko iyi ndwara ikomeza, ibimenyetso bijyanye no guhumeka bikunze kugaragara. Ibi bibaho kubera ko imitsi mito iba yabubutse cyane kandi ikora umusemburo mwinshi.

Ibimenyetso byo guhumeka birimo:

• Guhumeka cyane cyangwa gukora cyane kugira ngo uhumeke
• Gusimbuka umwuka mu gihe uhumeka
• Inkorora ihoraho ishobora kumvikana nk’inyoze cyangwa yuzuyemo umusemburo
• Kugorwa no konsa cyangwa kurya kubera ibibazo byo guhumeka
• Kubura umwuka (uruhu rukurura hafi y’amagongo mu gihe uhumeka)

Abana benshi bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje kugeza ku bimenyetso bikaze bikira mu gihe cy’icyumweru kugeza ku minsi 10. Ariko rero, inkorora ishobora gukomeza ibyumweru byinshi uko imitsi ikomeza gukira.

Ni iki gatera bronchiolitis?

Bronchiolitis iterwa n’indwara ziterwa na virusi zigira ingaruka ku mitsi mito yo mu bihaha by’umwana. Ikintu gikunze gutera iyi ndwara ni virusi yitwa respiratory syncytial virus, cyangwa RSV, ikaba igira uruhare mu bipimo bigera kuri 70%.

Virusi nyinshi zishobora gutera bronchiolitis, kandi kuzimenya bigufasha gusobanukirwa impamvu bamwe mu bana bayibasirwa kenshi:

• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - ikintu gikunze gutera iyi ndwara
• Human rhinovirus - virusi itera ibicurane bisanzwe
• Parainfluenza virus - itandukanye na virusi ya grippe isanzwe
• Human metapneumovirus - ntabwo ikunze kugaragara ariko isa na RSV
• Adenovirus - ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bikomeye

Izi virusi zikwirakwira vuba binyuze mu matembabuzi yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero iyo abantu barwaye bahumeka, bakorora, cyangwa baganira. Umwana wawe ashobora kandi kwandura iyi virusi akuye ku bintu byanduye hanyuma agakora ku maso ye.

Impamvu abana bato n’abana bato cyane bakunda kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara ni uko imitsi yabo mito cyane. Iyo habaye kubura umwuka n’umusemburo, no kubyimba gato bishobora kugira ingaruka ku guhumeka kwabo.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujyana umwana kwa muganga kubera bronchiolitis?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga w’abana niba umwana wawe agize ibibazo byo guhumeka, kabone nubwo bigaragara nk’ibyoroheje. Gusuzuma hakiri kare bifasha guha umwana wawe ubufasha bukwiye no kugenzura ubuzima bwe.

Hamagara ibiro by’umuganga wawe mu masaha asanzwe niba ubona:

• Guhumeka cyane ubusanzwe cyangwa gukora cyane kugira ngo uhumeke
• Kumva umwuka mu gihe uhumeka
• Kugorwa no konsa cyangwa kwanga kurya
• Umuhango mu bana bari munsi y’amezi 3
• Ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi mu mubiri nko kugira imyenda mike y’amazi

Shaka ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi bwihuse niba umwana wawe agaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko umwana wawe akeneye ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi bwihuse:

• Ibara ry’ubururu cyangwa icyatsi ku minwa, mu maso, cyangwa ku ijisho
• Kugorwa cyane no guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka cyane
• Igihe kirekire cyo guhagarika guhumeka
• Uburwayi bukabije cyangwa kugorwa no gukomeza kuba maso
• Ibimenyetso byo kubura amazi mu mubiri bikabije

Gira icyizere icyo umutima wawe w’umubyeyi ukubwira. Niba hari ikintu kidakubereye cyangwa uhangayikishijwe n’ubuhumekero bw’umwana wawe, bihora ari byiza gushaka inama y’abaganga vuba.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya bronchiolitis?

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bituma bamwe mu bana bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara bronchiolitis cyangwa bagira ibimenyetso bikomeye. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba z’ubwirinzi mu gihe cy’ubwandu.

Ibintu by’imyaka byongera ibyago birimo:

• Kuba munsi y’amezi 6, cyane cyane munsi y’amezi 3
• Kuvuka imburagihe (imbere y’ibyumweru 37)
• Kuba ufite ibiro bike igihe uvuka

Ubuzima butuma ibyago byiyongera burimo ibintu bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ibihaha cyangwa imbaraga z’umubiri:

• Indwara z’ibihaha zihoraho cyangwa ibibazo byo guhumeka
• Indwara z’umutima zivuka
• Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke
• Indwara z’imitsi zifata uburyo bwo guhumeka

Ibintu by’ibidukikije n’imibereho bigira uruhare mu kigero cy’ibyago by’umwana wawe:

• Kumenya itabi
• Kujya mu kigo cy’abana cyangwa kugira abavandimwe bakuru
• Kuba mu nzu zuzuye
• Kuvuka mu gihe cy’ubwandu bwa RSV (umwaka kugeza mu mpeshyi)
• Kudakoresha amashereka

Nubwo udashobora guhindura ibintu bimwe byongera ibyago nko kuba imburagihe, ushobora kugabanya kumenya itabi no gukora isuku y’intoki kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago by’umwana wawe.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora kuvuka bitewe na bronchiolitis?

Abana benshi barakira bronchiolitis batagize ibibazo byihoraho, ariko bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo bisaba ubufasha bundi. Kumenya ibyo bishoboka bigufasha kumenya icyo ugomba kwitondera.

Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara bikunze kuba bijyanye n’ibibazo byo guhumeka no kurya:

• Kubura amazi mu mubiri kubera kugorwa no kurya cyangwa kunywa
• Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri mu matwi cyangwa mu bihaha
• Ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka bisaba kujyanwa kwa muganga
• Ibihe bigufi aho guhumeka bihagarara by’akanya gato (apnea)

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira ingaruka zirambye, nubwo izo ngaruka zikunda gufatwa neza hakoreshejwe ubufasha bukwiye:

• Inkorora ihoraho imara ibyumweru byinshi
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo gusimbuka umwuka mu gihe cy’izindi ndwara z’ubuhumekero
• Amahirwe make yo kurwara asma nyuma y’imyaka y’ubwana

Ibibazo bikomeye ariko bidafite akaga bishobora kuvuka, cyane cyane mu bana bafite ibyago byinshi. Ibyo birimo kudahumeka neza bisaba ubufasha bwo kuvura cyane, kandi, gake cyane, ibibazo by’ibihaha birambye.

Inkuru nziza ni uko hakoreshejwe ubugenzuzi n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, ibibazo byinshi bishobora gukumirwa cyangwa kuvurwa neza. Itsinda ry’ubuvuzi rizakurikirana hafi ibimenyetso byose by’ibibazo bikomeye.

Bronchiolitis imenyekanwa gute?

Muganga wawe ashobora kumenya bronchiolitis yumvise ibimenyetso by’umwana wawe kandi amusuzuye neza. Iyo ndwara imenyekana ahanini binyuze mu bimenyetso bigaragara kuruta ibizamini bikomeye.

Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma umubiri, muganga w’abana azumva ibihaha by’umwana wawe akoresheje stethoscope. Azareba niba hari umwuka uhindagurika, azagenzura uburyo bwo guhumeka, kandi arebe ibimenyetso byo kubura umwuka.

Muganga wawe azagenzura kandi ubuzima rusange bw’umwana wawe, harimo n’uburyo umubiri we ukoresha amazi, ingufu, n’ubushobozi bwo kurya. Ibyo bifasha kumenya niba ubufasha bwo murugo bukwiye cyangwa niba ubufasha bwo kwa muganga bukenewe.

Hari ibindi bizamini bikunze gukoreshwa ariko si ngombwa buri gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane iyi ndwara:

• Pulse oximetry kugira ngo hamenyekane urugero rw’umwuka mu maraso
• Gucukura mu mazuru kugira ngo hamenyekane virusi itera iyo ndwara
• X-ray y’ibihaha niba hari icyizere cy’indwara y’ibihaha
• Ibizamini by’amaraso gusa niba hari impungenge z’indwara iterwa na bagiteri

Ibizamini bya virusi bigufasha ahanini mu gukumira ubwandu mu bitaro cyangwa mu bigo byita ku bana. Ntabwo bihindura uburyo bwo kuvura kuko kuvura bronchiolitis byibanda ku gufasha umwana wawe guhumeka no kumworohereza uko virusi yaba ariyo yose.

Ni iki kivura bronchiolitis?

Kuvura bronchiolitis byibanda ku gufasha umwana wawe guhumeka no kumworohereza mu gihe umubiri we urwanya iyo virusi. Nta muti udasanzwe uvuza bronchiolitis.

Intego nyamukuru yo kuvura irimo kugumisha imitsi y’ubuhumekero isukuye, guha amazi ahagije, no kugenzura uburyo bwo guhumeka. Abana benshi bashobora kwitabwaho neza mu rugo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubafasha.

Uburyo bwo kuvura mu rugo bushobora gufasha umwana wawe kumva ameze neza birimo:

• Gukoresha umwuka ukonje kugira ngo ufashe gukuraho umusemburo
• Guha amazi menshi buri kanya gato
• Gukuraho umusemburo mu mazuru hifashishijwe igikoresho cyo gukurura
• Guha umwana wawe umutwe hejuru gato mu gihe aryamye
• Guha umwana wawe kuruhuka bihagije ahantu hatuje

Kuvurwa kwa muganga bishobora kuba bikenewe ku bana bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa abafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo. Kuvurwa kwa muganga bikunze kuba birimo guha umwuka, amazi mu mitsi, no kugenzura hafi uburyo bwo guhumeka.

Uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura bushobora kugaragara nk’ubufasha ariko ntabwo bukunze kugira umumaro kuri bronchiolitis. Ibyo birimo imiti ya antibiyotike (kuko iterwa na virusi), imiti yo kurwanya inkorora ku bana bato, n’imiti yo kwagura imitsi y’ubuhumekero nka albuterol mu bihe byinshi.

Gukira bikunze kumara iminsi 7 kugeza ku 10 ku bimenyetso bikomeye, nubwo inkorora y’umwana wawe ishobora gukomeza ibyumweru byinshi uko imitsi ikomeza gukira.

Uko watanga ubufasha mu rugo mu gihe cya bronchiolitis

Kwita ku mwana wawe arwaye bronchiolitis mu rugo bisaba intambwe zoroheje ariko z’ingenzi kugira ngo amere neza kandi afashwe gukira. Ikintu nyamukuru ukwiye kwitaho ni ukumufasha guhumeka neza no kumusha amazi ahagije.

Kurema ahantu heza bishobora gufasha cyane uburyo umwana wawe ahumeka. Koresha umwuka ukonje mu cyumba cye kugira ngo wongere umwuka mu kirere, ibyo bigafasha gukuraho umusemburo no korohereza guhumeka.

Kurya no kunywa amazi bisaba kwitabwaho cyane mu gihe cya bronchiolitis kuko ibibazo byo guhumeka bishobora gutera imbogamizi mu kurya:

• Guha kurya gato kenshi
• Konsa kenshi uko umwana wawe abishaka
• Ku bana bakuru, gerageza kumuha amazi make
• Kweza amazuru neza mbere yo kurya kugira ngo ufashe guhumeka
• Guha umwanya mu gihe cyo kurya niba umwana wawe asa n’umunaniwe

Kwita ku mazuru biba by’ingenzi cyane kuko abana bato bahumeka ahanini binyuze mu mazuru. Koresha amazi ya saline hanyuma ukureho umusemburo mu mazuru hifashishijwe igikoresho cyo gukurura.

Gufata umuhango n’ububabare neza bisaba guha umwana wawe imiti ikwiye y’imyaka ye ya acetaminophen cyangwa ibuterol niba muganga abikubwiye. Ntuzigere uha umwana wawe aspirine kubera ibyago bya Reye’s syndrome.

Kuruhuka ni ingenzi kugira ngo akire, rero gerageza kugumisha ahantu hatuje. Umwana wawe ashobora kuryama kurusha ubusanzwe, ibyo bikaba bisanzwe kandi bifasha gukira.

Uko wakwirinda bronchiolitis

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda burundu bronchiolitis, hari uburyo bwinshi bushobora kugabanya ibyago by’umwana wawe byo kwandura. Isuku niyo ntambwe ya mbere yo kwirinda.

Isuku y’intoki ni ikintu gikomeye cyane cyo kwirinda. Koga intoki kenshi ukoresheje isabune n’amazi, cyane cyane mbere yo gufata umwana wawe, kandi ugumeze abantu bose bo mu rugo rwawe kubikora.

Kurinda umwana wawe kwandura bisaba gufata ibyemezo by’ubwenge ku bijyanye n’imibanire n’abandi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’ubwandu:

• Gucisha make kumenya abantu benshi mu gihe cy’ubwandu bwa RSV (umwaka kugeza mu mpeshyi)
• Gusaba abashyitsi gukaraba intoki mbere yo gufata umwana wawe
• Kugumisha umwana wawe kure y’abantu bafite ibimenyetso by’igicurane
• Kuguma mu rugo mu gihe umwana wawe arwaye

Ibintu byo kurinda ibidukikije bishobora kandi gufasha kugabanya ibyago:

• Kugumisha inzu yawe idafite itabi
• Gusukura no kwanduza ibintu buri gihe, cyane cyane ibikinisho n’amadirishya
• Kwirinda gusangira ibikombe, ibikoresho, cyangwa ibikinisho n’abana barwaye
• Kugira ko inzu yawe ifite umwuka mwiza

Ku bana bafite ibyago byinshi, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka guhabwa imiti yitwa palivizumab. Iyo nkingo itangwa buri kwezi mu gihe cy’ubwandu bwa RSV ishobora gufasha kwirinda indwara zikomeye ku bana bavutse imburagihe n’abafite ibibazo by’ubuzima.

Amashereka atanga imiti y’umubiri ishobora gufasha kurinda umwana wawe indwara z’ubuhumekero, harimo n’iziterwa na bronchiolitis.

Uko wakwitegura kujyana kwa muganga

Kwitunganya mbere yo kujyana kwa muganga bifasha guha amakuru n’ubuyobozi bukwiye ku bijyanye no kwita ku mwana wawe. Kugira amakuru yiteguye bituma muganga w’abana ashobora gusuzuma neza.

Mbere yo kujyana kwa muganga, andika ibimenyetso by’umwana wawe n’igihe byatangiye. Garagaza amakuru yerekeye uburyo bwo guhumeka, ibibazo byo kurya, umuhango, n’impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu myitwarire cyangwa imbaraga.

Amakuru y’ingenzi ukwiye kuzana arimo:

• Igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye n’uko byahindutse
• Imiti cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura ukoresha ubu
• Amakuru yerekeye kurya, kunywa, n’imyenda y’amazi
• Iyo ari yo yose yahuye n’abarwaye vuba
• Amateka y’ubuzima bw’umwana wawe n’ubuzima bwe ubu

Tegura ibibazo byihariye ushaka kubabaza muganga. Tekereza kubabaza ibimenyetso byo kwitondera, igihe cyo guhamagarana, n’icyo witeze mu gihe cyo gukira.

Mu gihe cyo gusura, ntutinye gusaba ibisobanuro niba utumva ikintu. Muganga wawe ashaka ko wumva ufite icyizere cyo kwita ku mwana wawe mu rugo.

Baza ku bijyanye n’igenzura ry’ubuzima, harimo igihe cyo gusubira kwa muganga n’ibimenyetso byagombye gutuma uhamagara vuba. Kugira gahunda isobanutse bigabanya impungenge kandi bigatuma habaho ubufasha bukwiye.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis ni indwara ikunze kugaragara kandi ikunda kuvurwa neza, ikaba igira ingaruka ku guhumeka kw’abana bato bitewe n’indwara ziterwa na virusi mu mitsi mito yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero. Nubwo bishobora gutera impungenge kubona umwana wawe agorwa no guhumeka, abana benshi barakira neza bafashwe neza.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko bronchiolitis ikunda gukira yonyine mu gihe cy’iminsi 7 kugeza ku 10. Uruhare rwawe nk’umubyeyi ni ukugumisha umwana wawe ameze neza, kumusha amazi ahagije, no kwitondera ibimenyetso byose bisaba ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi.

Gira icyizere icyo umutima wawe w’umubyeyi ukubwira. Niba uhangayikishijwe n’ubuhumekero bw’umwana wawe cyangwa ubuzima bwe muri rusange, ntutinye kuvugana n’abaganga kugira ngo ubone ubuyobozi n’ihumure.

Hifashishijwe ubufasha bukwiye n’ubugenzuzi, abana barwaye bronchiolitis barakira neza kandi bagaruka mu buzima bwabo busanzwe. Iyo ngaruka, nubwo itera umunaniro, ntabwo ikunze gutera ibibazo by’ubuzima birambye.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa kuri bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis imara igihe kingana iki?

Abana benshi barakira ibimenyetso bikomeye bya bronchiolitis mu gihe cy’iminsi 7 kugeza ku 10. Ariko rero, inkorora ishobora gukomeza ibyumweru 2 kugeza kuri 4 uko imitsi ikomeza gukira. Bamwe mu bana bashobora gusimbuka umwuka mu gihe cy’ibicurane mu mezi make, ariko ibyo bikunze gukira uko umwaka utashye.

Umwana wanjye ashobora kurwara bronchiolitis incuro nyinshi?

Yego, abana bashobora kurwara bronchiolitis incuro nyinshi kuko virusi zitandukanye zishobora kuyitera, kandi ubudahangarwa kuri virusi imwe ntiburinda izindi. Ariko rero, ubwandu bwakurikiyeho bukunze kuba buke kurusha ubwa mbere, kandi ibyago bigabanuka uko imitsi y’umwana ikura.

Bronchiolitis yandura?

Virusi ziterwa na bronchiolitis zirabandura cyane kandi zikwirakwira binyuze mu matembabuzi yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero n’ibintu byanduye. Umwana wawe arandura cyane mu minsi mike ya mbere afite ibimenyetso nk’iby’igicurane. Ashobora gusubira mu kigo cy’abana iyo adafite umuhango mu gihe cy’amasaha 24 kandi yumva ameze neza.

Ndagomba gukoresha nebulizer cyangwa inhaler ku mwana wanjye arwaye bronchiolitis?

Abana benshi barwaye bronchiolitis ntibagira umumaro w’imiti yo kwagura imitsi y’ubuhumekero nka albuterol, bitandukanye n’abana barwaye asma. Muganga wawe azamenya niba kugerageza iyo miti byagira umumaro, ariko ntabwo ikunze kugira umumaro ku bana barwaye bronchiolitis.

Umuhumekero w’umwana wanjye uzagaruka mu buryo busanzwe ryari?

Guhumeka bikunze kumera neza buhoro buhoro mu minsi 7 kugeza ku 10, aho impinduka ikomeye ikunze kugaragara nyuma y’iminsi mike ya mbere. Bamwe mu bana bashobora gusimbuka umwuka cyangwa guhumeka cyane mu gihe kigera ku byumweru 2. Niba ibibazo byo guhumeka bikomeza kurenza igihe, hamagara muganga w’abana kugira ngo akurebe.