Brucellose

Brucellosis ni indwara iterwa na bagiteri ikwirakwira kuva ku nyamaswa ikajya ku bantu. Akenshi, abantu bandura iyo barya ibinyamisogwe bitarimo ubushyuhe cyangwa bitaravangwamo amata. Hari igihe bagiteri itera brucellosis ishobora gukwirakwira mu kirere cyangwa ikagera ku bantu binyuze mu guhura n'inyamaswa zanduye.

Ibimenyetso bya brucellosis birimo umuriro, ububabare bw'ingingo n'umunaniro. Iyi ndwara ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya bagiteri. Ariko, kuvura bisaba ibyumweru byinshi cyangwa amezi, kandi iyi ndwara ishobora gusubira.

Brucellosis irashwanye abantu n'inyamaswa ibihumbi amagana ku isi hose. Kwirinda ibinyamisogwe bitarimo ubushyuhe no kwitwararika mu gihe ukora ku nyamaswa cyangwa muri laboratwari bishobora kugufasha kwirinda brucellosis.

Ibimenyetso bya brucellose bishobora kugaragara igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kuva mu minsi mike kugeza ku mezi make nyuma y'aho wandujwe. Ibimenyetso biri hafi nk'iby'umururumba kandi birimo:

• Umuhango
• Gukonja
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Kwishima
• Kugira intege nke
• Kwumva unaniwe
• Kubabara mu ngingo, iminsi n'umugongo
• Kubabara umutwe

Ibimenyetso bya brucellose bishobora gucika ibyumweru cyangwa amezi hanyuma bigasubira. Bamwe bagira brucellose ikaze kandi bagira ibimenyetso imyaka myinshi, ndetse na nyuma yo kuvurwa. Ibimenyetso birambuye bishobora kuba birimo:

• Kwumva unaniwe
• Umuhango usubira
• Kubyimba kw'imbere mu mutima (endocarditis)
• Kubyimba kw'ingingo (arthritis)
• Arthritis y'amagufwa y'umugongo (spondylitis)
• Arthritis y'ingingo aho umugongo n'ibicurane bihuza (sacroiliitis)

Brucellose irashobora kuba ingorabahizi kuyimenya, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro, iyo ikunda kumera nk'izindi ndwara, nka grippe. Gira inama y'umuganga niba ufite umuriro ukaza vuba, ububabare bw'imikaya cyangwa intege nke idasanzwe kandi ufite ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara, cyangwa niba ufite umuriro uhoraho.

Brucellose irashwanyeho mu matungo menshi y'inzovu n'ay'imbere, irimo:

• Inka
• Ihene
• Amashyo
• Ingurube n'ingurube z'inkazi
• Imbwa, cyane cyane izikoreshwa mu guhiga
• Impongo
• Inyamashongo
• Inyambo
• Imbogo
• Ihene nini
• Ingamiya

Hari ubwoko bwa brucellose bugira ingaruka ku bicurane byo mu nyanja, porpoise na zimwe mu mfuruka.

Uburyo busanzwe cyane bwo gukwirakwiza udukoko kuva ku matungo ku bantu ni:

• Kurya ibicuruzwa bya mukamo bitatetse. Udukoko twa Brucella tuba mu mata y'amatungo arwaye dushobora gukwirakwira ku bantu mu mata atatetse, ice cream, amavuta n'amagi. Udukoko kandi bishobora kwanduza inyama zitetse nabi cyangwa zitatetse neza z'amatungo arwaye.
• Kwinjiza umwuka wanduye. Udukoko twa Brucella bikwirakwira byoroshye mu kirere. Abahinzi, abasorezi, abakozi ba laboratwari n'abakozi bo mu ruganda rw'ubushyuhe bashobora kwinjiza udukoko.
• Guhuza amaraso n'ibindi bice by'umubiri by'amatungo arwaye. Udukoko tuba mu maraso, mu mahumbe cyangwa mu mpfubyi y'inyamaswa irwaye bishobora kwinjira mu maraso yawe binyuze mu kibyimba cyangwa ikindi kibazo. Kubera ko guhuza bisanzwe n'amatungo — guhuza, gukorakora cyangwa gukina — bidafite ingaruka, abantu bake cyane barwara brucellose baturutse ku nyamaswa zabo. Nubwo bimeze bityo, abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke bagomba kwirinda gufata imbwa zizwiho kuba zifite iyi ndwara.

Brucellose isanzwe ntikwirakwira kuva ku muntu ku wundi, ariko mu bihe bike, abagore bagiye banduza abana babo mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa binyuze mu mata yabo. Gake, brucellose ishobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa binyuze mu maraso cyangwa mu maraso yanduye cyangwa mu maraso yanduye.

Nubwo brucellose idahera muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, igaragara cyane mu bindi bice by'isi, cyane cyane:

• Uburayi bw'amajyepfo, harimo Portugal, Espagne, Turukiya, Italiya, Ubugereki, n'Amajyepfo y'Ubufaransa
• Uburayi bw'iburasirazuba
• Mexique, Amerika y'Epfo na Amerika yo hagati
• Aziya
• Afurika
• Karayibe
• Uburasirazuba bwo hagati

Brucellose ishobora kwibasira hafi igice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umubiri wawe, harimo n'imiterere y'imyororokere, umwijima, umutima n'ubwonko. Brucellose ikaze ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi ku gice kimwe cy'umubiri cyangwa ku mubiri wose. Ingaruka zishoboka zirimo:

• Kubura ubukorerwe bw'imbere bw'ibice by'umutima (endocarditis). Iyi ni imwe mu ngaruka zikomeye za brucellose. Endocarditis itabonye ubuvuzi ishobora kwangiza cyangwa kurimbura amavavu y'umutima kandi ni yo ntandaro y'imfu ziterwa na brucellose.
• Arthritis. Kubura ubukorerwe bw'ingingo birangwa no kubabara, gukakara no kubyimba mu ngingo, cyane cyane amaguru, ibitugu, ibirenge, amaboko n'umugongo. Kubura ubukorerwe bw'ingingo zo mu mugongo (spondylitis) cyangwa ingingo zihuza umugongo wo hasi n'ikibero (sacroiliitis) bishobora kuba bigoye cyane kuvura kandi bishobora gutera iyangirika ridashira.
• Kubura ubukorerwe no kwandura kw'intanga ngabo (epididymo-orchitis). Udukoko dutera brucellose dushobora kwandura epididymis, umuyoboro uhindagurika uhuza vas deferens n'intanga ngabo. Uhereye aho, ubwandu bushobora gukwirakwira ku ntanga ngabo ubwayo, bukateza kubyimba no kubabara, bishobora kuba bikomeye.
• Kubura ubukorerwe no kwandura kw'uruhago n'umwijima. Brucellose ishobora kandi kwibasira uruhago n'umwijima, ikabatera kubyimba kurusha uko bisanzwe.
• Ubwandu bw'ubwonko. Ibi birimo indwara zishobora guhitana ubuzima nk'kubura ubukorerwe bw'ingingo zizunguruka ubwonko n'umugongo (meningite) cyangwa kubura ubukorerwe bw'ubwonko ubwayo (encephalitis).

Kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura brucellose, fata ibi bipimo:

• Irinde ibiryo bya mukamo bitavogerwa. Mu myaka ya vuba aha muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hari impfu nke cyane za brucellose zafitanye isano n'ibicuruzwa by'amata ataravogerwa bivuye mu mitungo y'imbere mu gihugu. Ariko rero, ni byiza kwirinda amata ataravogerwa, foromaje na ice cream, uko byaba bikozwe kose. Niba uri mu rugendo mu bindi bihugu, irinda ibiryo byose by'amata ataravogerwa.
• Teka inyama neza. Teka igice cyose cy'inyama kugeza igihe kigera ku bushyuhe bwo imbere bwa 145 F (63 C) hanyuma uyireke iminota itatu nibura — ubushyuhe bwo hagati. Teka inyama zometse kugeza kuri 160 F (71 C) — ziteguwe neza. Teka inkoko zose, harimo n'inkoko zometse, kugeza kuri 165 F (74 C). Iyo uri mu rugendo hanze ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, irinda inyama zitetse nabi.
• Kambara utuzu. Niba uri umuveterineri, umuhinzi, umuntu uhiga cyangwa umukozi w'uruganda rw'amategeko, bambara utuzu tw'ikawa mugihe ufata amatungo arwaye cyangwa yapfuye cyangwa imyenda y'amatungo cyangwa mugihe ufasha inyamaswa kubyara.
• Fata ingamba z'umutekano ahantu hakora akazi hafi cyane. Niba ukora muri laboratwari, fata ibipimo byose mu buryo bukwiye bwo kwirinda. Ibikorwa byo gutema inyama bigomba kandi gukurikiza ingamba z'ubwirinzi, nko gutandukanya aho batema inyama n'ibindi bice byo gutunganya no gukoresha imyenda y'ubwirinzi.
• Tera inkingo amatungo yo mu rugo. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, gahunda ikomeye yo gukingira hafi yaho imaze gukuraho brucellose mu mitungo y'amatungo. Kubera ko urukingo rwa brucellose ari urw'ubuzima, rushobora guteza indwara mu bantu. Umuntu wese wagize impanuka yo guterwa igishishwa mugihe atera inkingo inyamaswa agomba kuvurwa.

Abaganga bakunze kwemeza uburwayi bwa brucellose binyuze mu gupima amaraso cyangwa umugufi w'igitugu kugira ngo barebe niba harimo udukoko twa brucella, cyangwa bakapima amaraso kugira ngo barebe niba hari antibodies zirwanya ubwo burwayi. Kugira ngo bafashe kumenya ingaruka za brucellose, muganga wawe ashobora gusaba ibindi bipimo, birimo:

• Ama rayons X. Ama rayons X ashobora kwerekana impinduka mu magufa yawe no mu bice by'inguzu.
• CT scan cyangwa MRI. Ibi bipimo byo kureba imbere byafasha kumenya umuriro cyangwa ibisebe mu bwonko cyangwa mu bindi bice by'umubiri.
• Gusakaza cerebrospinal fluid. Ibi bipimo byo gusuzuma igice gito cy'amazi akikije ubwonko n'umugongo wawe kugira ngo harebwe niba hari indwara nk'igituntu cyangwa encephalitis.
• Echocardiography. Iki kizamini gikoreshwa amajwi kugira ngo hakorwe amashusho y'umutima wawe kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibimenyetso by'indwara cyangwa iyangirika ry'umutima wawe.