Ibihombo By'Ishami Ry'Umutima

Iguma ry'ishami ry'umutima ni uburwayi butuma habaho gutinda cyangwa kuburirwa inzira y'impulso z'amashanyarazi zigenda zigakora ku mutima. Rimwe na rimwe bituma umutima ukomerwa gutuma amaraso ajya mu zindi nzego z'umubiri.

Gutinda cyangwa kuburirwa inzira bishobora kuba ku nzira ituma impulso z'amashanyarazi zijya mu gice cy'ibumoso cyangwa icy'iburyo cy'ibice byo hasi (ventricules) by'umutima.

Iguma ry'ishami ry'umutima rishobora kutakeneye kuvurwa. Iyo rikeneye kuvurwa, kuvura bikubiyemo gucunga uburwayi bw'ibanze, nko kurwara umutima, butuma havuka iguma ry'ishami ry'umutima.

Mu bantu benshi, ikibazo cyo guhagarika imitsi y'umutima (bundle branch block) ntikigira ibimenyetso. Bamwe mu bantu bafite iki kibazo ntibaba bazi ko bakigira.

Gake cyane, ibimenyetso byo guhagarika imitsi y'umutima bishobora kuba birimo kugwa (syncope) cyangwa kumva nk'aho ugiye kugwa (presyncope).

"Niba wigeze ucika intege, reba umuvuzi kugira ngo akureho impamvu zikomeye.\n\nNiba ufite indwara y'umutima cyangwa waramaze kuvurwa indwara ya bundle branch block, baza umuvuzi wawe ukuntu ukwiye kugira ibizami byo gukurikirana."

Impinduka z'amashanyarazi mu gikomere cy'umutima zituma gikubita (gikomera). Izi mpinduka zinyura mu nzira, harimo n'amashami abiri yitwa ishami ry'iburyo n'ishami ry'ibumoso. Niba rimwe muri aya mashami cyangwa yombi yangiritse - urugero, kubera ikibazo cy'umutima - impinduka z'amashanyarazi zishobora kuzira. Ibyo bituma umutima ukubita nabi.

Impamvu y'ibibazo by'amashami yombi ishobora gutandukana bitewe n'aho ishami ry'iburyo cyangwa iry'ibumoso ryangiritse. Hari igihe nta mpamvu izwi.

Impamvu zishobora kuba:

Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kugira ikibazo cy'ishami ry'umutima (bundle branch block) birimo:

• Ubusaza. Ikibazo cy'ishami ry'umutima kiba cyinshi mu bantu bakuze kurusha abakiri bato.
• Ibibazo by'ubuzima biriho. Kugira umuvuduko w'amaraso cyangwa indwara y'umutima byongera ibyago byo kugira ikibazo cy'ishami ry'umutima.

Niba imitsi yombi y'iburyo n'iy'ibumoso byose byafunzwe, ikibazo gikomeye ni ubupfu bwuzuye bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uva mu byumba byo hejuru ujya mu byumba byo hasi by'umutima. Kutagira uwo muyoboro bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w'umutima. Kugabanya umuvuduko w'umutima bishobora gutuma umuntu ahuma, imiterere y'umutima idahwitse n'ibindi bibazo bikomeye.

Kuko ikibazo cy'imitsi y'umutima gifata ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi by'umutima, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kugorana mu gupima neza ibindi bibazo by'umutima, cyane cyane ibitero by'umutima. Bishobora gutuma habaho gutinda mu gukemura ibyo bibazo by'umutima.

Niba ufite ikibazo cy'ishami ry'iburyo rya bundle kandi uri muzima ubundi, ushobora kutakeneye isuzuma ry'ubuzima ryuzuye. Niba ufite ikibazo cy'ishami ry'ibumoso rya bundle, uzakenera isuzuma ry'ubuzima ryuzuye.

Ibizamini bishobora gukoreshwa mu gusobanura ikibazo cy'ishami rya bundle cyangwa impamvu zacyo birimo:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG cyangwa EKG). Iki kizamini gikorwa vuba kandi kidakomeretsa kipima ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi y'umutima. Mu gihe cy'ikizamini cya electrocardiogram (ECG), ibyuma bipima (electrodes) bihambirwa ku gatuza, rimwe na rimwe bigashyirwa ku maboko cyangwa amaguru. ECG ishobora kwerekana uko umutima ukora neza. Ishobora kwerekana ibimenyetso by'ikibazo cy'ishami rya bundle, ndetse n'uruhande rw'umutima rugira ingaruka.
• Echocardiogram. Iki kizamini gikoreshwa amajwi mu gutanga amashusho arambuye y'umutima n'amavavu y'umutima. Ishobora kwerekana imiterere n'uburebure bw'imitsi y'umutima. Umuganga wawe ashobora gukoresha iki kizamini kugira ngo amenye neza icyateye ikibazo cy'ishami rya bundle.

Abantu benshi bafite ikibazo cy'amagorofa y'umutima (bundle branch block) nta bimenyetso bagira kandi ntibakenera kuvurwa. Urugero, ikibazo cy'igorofa ry'umutima ibumoso (left bundle branch block) ntikivurwa n'imiti. Ariko, uburyo bwo kuvura biterwa n'ibimenyetso byihariye n'izindi ndwara z'umutima.

Niba ufite ikibazo cy'umutima gitera ikibazo cy'amagorofa y'umutima, kuvura bishobora kuba gukoresha imiti igabanya umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso cyangwa igabanya ibimenyetso byo kunanirwa kw'umutima.

Niba ufite ikibazo cy'amagorofa y'umutima kandi ufite amateka yo gucika intege, umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gushyirwaho igikoresho cyo gutuma umutima ukora neza (pacemaker). Pacemaker ni igikoresho gito gishyirwa munsi y'uruhu rwo mu gatuza hejuru. Insinga ebyiri ziracyitera ku ruhande rw'iburyo rw'umutima. Pacemaker isohora ingufu za electrique igihe bibaye ngombwa kugira ngo umutima ukomeze gukora neza.

Niba ufite ikibazo cy'amagorofa y'umutima hamwe n'imikorere mibi yo gutera amaraso, ushobora kuba ukeneye kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusubiza umutima mu buryo bwo gukora neza (cardiac resynchronization therapy (biventricular pacing)). Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bumeze kimwe no gushyirwaho pacemaker. Ariko uzaba ufite umugozi wa gatatu ujyanye n'uruhande rw'ibumoso rw'umutima kugira ngo igikoresho gishobora gutuma impande zombi zikora neza. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bufasha icyumba cy'umutima gukanda (gukomera) mu buryo buteguye kandi bufite ingufu.