Sikirijia y'abana ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Sikirijia y'abana ni indwara y'agahinda idahwitse ariko ikomeye, igira ingaruka ku buryo umwana atekereza, yumva, kandi abona ibintu. Iyi ndwara igira ibimenyetso nka kwibona ibintu bitariho, gutekereza bitazanye, n'ibitekerezo bidahwitse bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri munsi bw'umwana n'iterambere rye.

Nubwo ijambo “sikirijia” rishobora gutera ubwoba, ni ingenzi kumenya ko hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubufasha, abana bafite iyi ndwara bashobora kubona ubuzima bufite icyo buvuze. Kumenya hakiri kare no gutabara bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gufasha abana gucunga ibimenyetso byabo no gukomeza gukura no kwiga.

Sikirijia y'abana ni iki?

Sikirijia y'abana ni iyo ndwara nk'iya bakuru, ariko ikaba igaragara mbere y'imyaka 13. Igira ingaruka ku bana batarengeje umwe kuri 10.000, bituma iba nke cyane kurusha sikirijia y'abakuru.

Iyi ndwara ihungabanya iterambere risanzwe ry'ubwonko bw'umwana, igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwe bwo kumenya icyo ari cyo cyangwa atari cyo. Abana bafite sikirijia bashobora kumva amajwi, kubona ibintu bitariho, cyangwa kugira imyemerere itahuye n'ukuri.

Uko sikirijia igaragara hakiri kare, ni nako iba ikomeye. Ariko, ibi ntibisobanura ko nta cyizere kiriho - bisobanura gusa ko ubuvuzi burambuye n'ubufasha biba by'ingenzi cyane mu gufasha umwana gukura neza.

Ibimenyetso bya sikirijia y'abana ni ibihe?

Kumenya ibimenyetso mu bana bishobora kugorana kuko imyitwarire imwe ishobora kugaragara nk'ibitekerezo bisanzwe by'abana cyangwa ibyiciro by'iterambere. Itandukaniro nyamukuru ni uko ibimenyetso bya sikirijia biba bihoraho, bikomeye, kandi bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umwana bwo gukora neza.

Reka turebe ibice by'ingenzi by'ibimenyetso ushobora kubona:

Ibimenyetso byiza (ibintu bitabaho ubusanzwe)

• Ubwenge bubeshya: Umwana wawe ashobora kumva amajwi, kubona abantu cyangwa ibintu bitariho, cyangwa kumva ibintu ku ruhu rwe
• Guhuzagurika mu bitekerezo: Ashobora kugira imyizerere ikomeye idashingiye ku kuri, nko gutekereza ko hari umuntu ushaka kumugirira nabi
• Ijambo ritaziguye: Ibiganiro bye bishobora kuva ku kintu ku kindi nta sano igaragara
• Imikorere idaziguye: Ashobora gukora ibintu bigaragara nk’ibitangaje cyangwa bidakwiriye uko ibintu bimeze

Ibimenyetso bibi (kugabanuka mu myitwarire isanzwe)

• Kugabanuka kw’imimerere y’amarangamutima: Umwana wawe ashobora kugaragara nk’utuje cyangwa adafite amarangamutima, ndetse no mu bihe bisanzwe bimushimisha cyangwa bimubabaza
• Kugabanuka kw’ishyaka: Ashobora kubura inyota yo gukora ibikorwa yakundaga
• Kwikura mu mibanire n’abandi: Ashobora kwikura ku muryango n’inshuti
• Ijambo rigabanutse: Ashobora kuvuga bike cyane ugereranyije n’uko yavugaga mbere cyangwa gutanga ibisubizo bigufi cyane

Ibimenyetso byo mu bwenge

• Gukora ikintu bigoye: Umwana wawe ashobora kugorwa no kwibanda ku ishuri cyangwa ibiganiro
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka: Ashobora kugorwa no kwibuka ibintu byabaye vuba aha
• Gukemura ibibazo bigoye: Ibikorwa byoroshye byari byoroshye mbere bishobora kuba bigoye

Ibi bimenyetso bisanzwe bitera gahoro gahoro mu mezi aho kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye. Niba ubona bimwe muri ibi bimenyetso bikomeza ibyumweru, ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga w’umwana wawe.

Icyateye schizophrenia mu bwana?

Intandaro nyayo ya schizophrenia mu bwana ntiyumvikana neza, ariko abashakashatsi bemeza ko iterwa n’ihuriro ry’imiterere y’impyiko, ubwonko, n’ibidukikije. Nta kintu kimwe giteza iyi ndwara - ahubwo ni nk’ibice byinshi by’igice kimwe bihuza.

Dore ibintu by’ingenzi byatumye abahanga mu bya siyansi babibona:

Impamvu zikomoka ku mbaraga

Kugira umuntu wo mu muryango ufite schizophrenia byongera ibyago, ariko ntibihamya ko umwana azagira iyo ndwara. Nubwo ababyeyi bombi bafite schizophrenia, abana benshi ntibazayirwara.

Uburyo runaka bwa gene zishobora gutuma bamwe mu bana bahura n’ibyago byinshi byo kurwara schizophrenia iyo bihujwe n’ibindi byago. Tekereza kuri gene nk’aho zirema ubushobozi aho kuba ukuri kw’ibintu.

Ubuterambere butandukanye bw’ubwonko

Abana bafite schizophrenia bakunze kugaragaza itandukaniro mu miterere n’imikorere y’ubwonko. Iyo tandukaniro ishobora kuba ihari kuva ku ivuka cyangwa ikakura uko iminsi igenda ishira.

Uduce tw’ubwonko dukurikira ibitekerezo, kwibuka, no kubona ibintu bishobora gutera imbere mu buryo butandukanye mu bana baza kurwara schizophrenia. Izi mpinduka zishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ubwonko bubungabunga amakuru n’ibintu byabaye.

Ibintu by’ibidukikije

Ubunararibonye runaka mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa mu bwana bushobora kongera ibyago iyo bihujwe n’ubugingo bukomoka kuri gene:

• Ingorane mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa kuvuka
• Kuhura na virusi cyangwa indwara mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Umujinya ukabije cyangwa trauma mu bwana
• Kubura intungamubiri mu gihe cyo gutwita

Ni ngombwa kumva ko ababyeyi badatera schizophrenia y’umwana wabo binyuze mu myitwarire yabo cyangwa ibikorwa runaka. Iyi ndwara iterwa n’ibintu bigoye bya biological bitarenze ubushobozi bw’umuntu uwo ari we wese.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera schizophrenia yo mu bwana?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga w’umwana wawe niba ubona impinduka ziramba mu myitwarire ye, mu bitekerezo bye, cyangwa mu buryo abona ibintu bikamara ibyumweru byinshi. Kugira imiti vuba bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu mibereho y’umwana wawe.

Tegereza kuvugana n’umukozi w’ubuzima niba umwana wawe afite:

• Guhumeka cyangwa kuvugira ibintu bidahari igihe kirekire
• Kwizera ibintu bikomeye bitajyanye n’ukuri
• Guhinduka cyane mu bushobozi bwabo bwo gutekereza neza cyangwa gutanga amakuru
• Kwirukana cyane mu bikorwa n’imibanire
• Kugabanuka cyane mu gutsinda mu ishuri cyangwa kwita ku buzima bwabo

Ntugatege amatwi ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ubwabyo. Indwara zo mu mutwe ku bana zikunda gusaba ubufasha bw’umwuga kugira ngo zicungwe neza.

Niba umwana wawe avuga ko ashaka kwibabaza cyangwa kwangiza abandi, cyangwa niba asa n’uri mu kaga gakomeye, shaka ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi bwihuse. Ibi bihora ari byo bikwiye gukorwa iyo umutekano ari ikibazo.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara schizophrenia mu bwana?

Gusobanukirwa ibintu byongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ukwiye kwita cyane ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw’umwana wawe. Ariko rero, kugira ibintu byongera ibyago ntibisobanura ko umwana wawe azahita arwara schizophrenia.

Dore ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara schizophrenia mu bwana:

Amateka y’umuryango

Kugira umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe urwaye schizophrenia byongera ibyago, nubwo abana benshi bafite abagize umuryango barwaye batayirwara. Ibyago birakomeye iyo abagize umuryango benshi barwaye schizophrenia cyangwa izindi ndwara zikomeye zo mu mutwe.

Ibintu byabaye mu gihe cyo gutwita no kuvuka

• Ingorane mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa kubyara
• Nyina kwandura indwara zimwe na zimwe mu gihe atwite
• Imvura y’imirire mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Kuvuka imburagihe cyangwa kuvuka ufite ibiro bike

Ibintu by’iterambere rya mbere

Bamwe mu bana baza kurwara schizophrenia bagaragaza ibimenyetso bya mbere byo gutinda kw’iterambere. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo gutinda kuvugira, ubuhanga bwo kugenda, cyangwa iterambere rya sosiyete.

Ariko rero, abana benshi bafite ubusembwa mu iterambere ntibarwara schizophrenia, bityo ibyo bimenyetso bya mbere ntibyerekana iyi ndwara ubwabyo.

Indwara zikomoka ku mpyiko zidakunze kugaragara

Indwara zimwe na zimwe zikomoka ku mpyiko zidakunze kugaragara, nka syndrome yo kubura 22q11.2, zongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara schizophrenia. Abana bafite izi ndwara bagomba gukurikiranwa neza n’abaganga.

Ibyago byo kurwara bifasha abaganga gusa kumenya abantu bashobora kugira akamaro ko gukurikiranwa hafi. Ntibigena ejo hazaza ry’umwana wawe cyangwa ngo bibemeze ibyavuye.

Ingaruka zishoboka za schizophrenia mu bwana ni izihe?

Utabonye ubuvuzi bukwiye, schizophrenia mu bwana ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye bigira ingaruka ku bice byinshi by’ubuzima bw’umwana wawe. Ariko kandi, habonetse ubufasha n’ubuvuzi bikwiye, ibyinshi muri ibyo bibazo bishobora kwirindwa cyangwa kugabanuka.

Dore ibice by’ingenzi aho ibibazo bishobora kuvuka:

Ibibazo by’ishuri n’imibanire

Abana bafite schizophrenia batavuwe bakunze kugorana kwiga ishuri kubera ibibazo byo kwibanda, kubona ibintu bitariho, cyangwa gutekereza kutahuje. Bashobora kandi kugira ibibazo mu kubana n’abandi cyangwa kwitabira ibikorwa by’imibanire.

Ibi bibazo bishobora gutuma basigara inyuma mu ishuri cyangwa bagatandukana n’abandi. Gutabara hakiri kare no gufashwa n’ishuri bishobora gufasha gukumira ibi bibazo bitagera ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Impungenge z’imyitwarire n’umutekano

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira imyitwarire y’ubugome cyangwa gukora ibikorwa by’uburangare kubera ibimenyetso byabo. Abandi bashobora kwirengagiza isuku yabo bwite cyangwa umutekano kubera gutekereza kutahuje.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, abana bashobora kwibabaza cyangwa kwangiza abandi, cyane cyane iyo bafite ibibazo bikomeye byo kubona ibintu bitariho cyangwa gutekereza ibintu bitari byo. Niyo mpamvu ubuvuzi bw’umwuga bukomeye ari ingenzi.

Umujinya mu muryango no kutumvikana

Kwita ku mwana ufite schizophrenia bishobora kunanira cyane mu buryo bw’amarangamutima no mu mubiri ku muryango. Abana babana bashobora kumva batitabwaho cyangwa gukonja kubera imyitwarire y’umuvandimwe wabo cyangwa mushiki wabo.

Ubuvuzi bw’umuryango n’amatsinda y’ubufasha bishobora gufasha buri wese mu muryango gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara no guteza imbere ingamba zo guhangana zikwiye hamwe.

Ingaruka z’iterambere mu gihe kirekire

Uko schizophrenia igaragara hakiri kare, ni ko ishobora guhungabanya iterambere ry’ubwonko n’imyigire bisanzwe. Ni yo mpamvu kuvurwa vuba ari ingenzi mu kurinda ubushobozi bw’umwana wawe mu gihe kizaza.

Hamwe no kuvurwa neza, abana benshi bafite schizophrenia bashobora gukomeza guteza imbere ubumenyi bw’ingenzi mu buzima no kugumana imibanire ifite agaciro mu buzima bwabo bwose.

Schizophrenia yo mu bwana ipima ite?

Kumenya schizophrenia yo mu bwana bisaba isuzuma ry’inzobere mu buvuzi bw’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe zihanga mu gukorana n’abana. Nta kizami kimwe cyo gupima schizophrenia - ahubwo, abaganga bakoresha ibibazo birambuye, ibyo babona, n’isuzuma.

Uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe bugizwe n’inzira nyinshi kugira ngo habeho ukuri kw’ibipimo:

Isuzuma ryirambuye rya psychiatry

Umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa umuhanga mu by’imitekerereze azakora ibibazo birambuye kuri wowe n’umwana wawe. Bazabaza ibimenyetso, igihe byatangiye, n’uko bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa buri munsi.

Muganga azareba kandi imyitwarire y’umwana wawe, uburyo avuga, n’imitekerereze muri ibi bibazo. Ibi bimufasha gusobanukirwa uburemere n’imiterere y’ibimenyetso.

Isuzuma ry’ubuzima

Umwana wawe azakenera isuzuma ry’umubiri n’ibisubizo byo mu labo bishobora kuba ngombwa kugira ngo habeho gukuraho indwara z’umubiri zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa. Udukoko tumwe na tumwe, imvune z’ubwonko, cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima rimwe na rimwe bishobora kumera nk’ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia.

Muganga ashobora kandi kureba amateka y’ubuzima bw’umwana wawe n’imiti yose arimo gufata kugira ngo habeho kumenya neza ko nta kindi kibazo gikomeza gutera ibimenyetso bye.

Isuzuma ryo mu mitekerereze

Ibizamini byihariye bishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, kwibuka, no kubona ibintu byumwana wawe. Ibi bizamini bifasha abaganga kumenya uko icyo kibazo gikurira ubushobozi bwo gutekereza bw'umwana wawe.

Ibyavuye muri ibyo bizamini bitanga kandi igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukurikirana iterambere ry'ubuvuzi mu gihe.

Kureba igihe kinini

Kubera ko ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia bigomba gukomeza byibuze amezi atandatu kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma, abaganga bakunze gukurikirana abana mu gihe runaka mbere yo gutanga isuzuma rya nyuma. Ubu buryo bukanganye bufasha mu kugaragaza ukuri no kwirinda gukosa mu isuzuma.

Muri iki gihe, umwana wawe ashobora guhabwa ubuvuzi bwo gufasha mu gucunga ibimenyetso mu gihe igikorwa cyo gusuzuma gikomeza.

Ni iki kivura schizophrenia mu bwana?

Ubuvuzi bwa schizophrenia mu bwana busanzwe burimo imiti, ubuvuzi, n'ibikorwa byo gutera inkunga. Intego ni uguca ibimenyetso, kunoza imikorere, no gufasha umwana wawe kubaho ubuzima busanzwe.

Dore ibyo ubuvuzi burambuye busanzwe burimo:

Imiti

Imiti yo kurwanya schizophrenia ni yo ivura ibimenyetso bya schizophrenia. Iyi miti ifasha kugabanya ibintu byo kubona ibintu bidahari, gutekereza nabi, no gutekereza kutahuje.

Umuganga w'umwana wawe azatangira n'umwanya muke ufite akamaro kandi azakurikirana hafi kugira ngo arebe ingaruka mbi. Kubona imiti ikwiye n'umwanya bikunze gufata igihe n'ubwitonzi.

Ingaruka mbi zisanzwe zishobora kuba harimo kwiyongera k'uburemere, uburwayi, cyangwa ibibazo byo kugenda. Umuganga wawe azakorana nawe kugira ngo mumenye uko mwakwitwararika izi ngaruka mugakomeza gucunga ibimenyetso.

Ubuvuzi bwite

Ubuvuzi bwo guhindura imyumvire (CBT) bushobora gufasha umwana wawe kumva uko yamererwe no guteza imbere uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibibazo. Ubu bwoko bw'ubuvuzi bwiga ubuhanga bw'ibikorwa byo gucunga ibimenyetso no kunoza imikorere ya buri munsi.

Ubuvuzi bw’imikino cyangwa ubundi buryo bukwiriye igihe cy’umwana bishobora gukoreshwa ku bana bato. Umuganga azahitamo uburyo bukwiye ireme ry’iterambere ry’umwana wawe n’ibyo akeneye.

Ubuvuzi bw’umuryango

Ubuvuzi bw’umuryango bufasha buri wese mu rugo rwanyu kumva indwara ya schizophrenia no kumenya uko bashobora gufasha umwana wawe neza. Ibi bishobora kugabanya umunaniro w’umuryango no kunoza itumanaho.

Uziga ingamba zo guhangana n’imyitwarire igoranye no guhanga ibidukikiro byo mu rugo bishimangira. Abandi bana bawe bazagira n’amahirwe yo kubaza ibibazo no kwerekana ibyiyumvo byabo.

Ubufasha bw’ishuri

Gukorana n’ishuri ry’umwana wawe ni ingenzi mu gukomeza amasomo ye n’iterambere ryi sosiyete. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gutegura gahunda y’uburezi bwite (IEP) cyangwa gahunda ya 504.

Ibikorwa byihariye bishobora kuba birimo igihe cyongeyeho ibizamini, ahantu h’utuzuye ho gukorera, cyangwa imirimo yahinduwe. Intego ni ugufasha umwana wawe kugira umusaruro mu ishuri mu gihe acunga ibimenyetso bye.

Imfashanyigisho y’ubumenyi bw’imibanire

Abana benshi barwaye schizophrenia bagira akamaro mu bikorwa biteguwe neza bigisha ubumenyi bw’imibanire kandi bibafasha kuvugana na bagenzi babo. Ibi bikorwa bishobora gukumira ukwigunga no kunoza imibanire.

Ubuvuzi bw’itsinda hamwe n’abandi bana bahura n’ibibazo nk’ibyo bishobora kandi gutanga inkunga y’abanyamuryango ikomeye no kumva.

Uko watanga ubufasha mu rugo mu gihe cy’indwara ya schizophrenia mu bwana?

Guhanga ibidukikiro byo mu rugo bishimangira bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gukira kw’umwana wawe no kumera neza. Urukundo rwawe, kwihangana, no kumva bigira itandukaniro rikomeye mu rugendo rwe.

Dore uburyo bworoshye bwo gufasha umwana wawe mu rugo:

Komeza gahunda n’imiterere

Abana barwaye schizophrenia bakunze kugira akamaro mu mihigo y’iminsi yose isobanuwe neza. Amasaha yo kurya, amasaha yo kuryama, na gahunda y’imikino bishobora gufasha kugabanya imihangayiko no kunoza imikorere.

Mugumane gahunda zihinduka uko bikenewe hakurikijwe ibyo umwana wawe akeneye, ariko umuhe n’umutekano akeneye. Ibi bishobora gusobanura guhindura ibyo witeze mu bihe bikomeye.

Shyiraho ikirere cy’ituze

Kigabanya umunaniro n’ibintu byinshi bimutera umunaniro mu rugo rwanyu aho bishoboka. Ibi bishobora gusobanura kugabanya urusaku, kugabanya abashyitsi mu bihe bikomeye, cyangwa gutegura ahantu hatuje aho umwana wawe ashobora kujya kuruhuka.

Ariko rero, ntumukureho burundu – aracyakeneye imibanire y’umuryango n’ibikorwa bikwiye igihe cye kugira ngo akomeze gutera imbere mu mibanire.

Shishikariza kunywa imiti

Fasha umwana wawe kumva impamvu imiti ye ari ingenzi kandi mukore hamwe kugira ngo ayinywe buri gihe. Ushobora gukoresha ibikoresho byo kubika imiti, ibimenyesha, cyangwa uburyo bwo guhemba kugira ngo ibi birusheho koroherwa.

Ntuzigere uhindura cyangwa uhagarika imiti udahamagaye muganga w’umwana wawe, nubwo ibimenyetso bigaragara ko bigenda bigabanyuka. Kunywa imiti buri gihe ni ingenzi mu kwirinda gusubira mu buzima busanzwe.

Muganirire mu buryo butagira amakenga kandi bucecekeye

Ganira n’umwana wawe ku byamubayeho utamubangamiye cyangwa udatinya. Niba afite ibyo abona bitari byo, mumenyeshe ko wumva ibyo yumva ariko umusubize mu kuri gahoro gahoro.

Koresha ururimi rworoshye kandi rusobanutse, kandi wirinda gutongana ku birego bitari byo. Ahubwo, shyira imbaraga mu kumva uko yumva kandi icyamufasha kumva atekanye cyangwa aruhutse.

Kwita ku bimenyetso by’uburwayi

Menya uko wamenya ibimenyetso by’ibanze byerekana ko ibimenyetso by’umwana wawe bishobora kuba biri kwiyongera. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo guhindura imikorere yo kuryama, kwihisha cyane, cyangwa gusubira mu kubona ibyo atarabona.

Andika ibimenyetso n’ibintu bimutera ibyo bibazo kugira ngo ubisangize itsinda ryita ku buvuzi bw’umwana wawe. Aya makuru afasha abaganga guhindura gahunda z’ubuvuzi uko bikenewe.

Wategura gute kujya kwa muganga?

Gutegura neza uruzinduko kwa muganga bifasha kwemeza ko umwana wawe ahabwa ubuvuzi bwiza. Gutegura neza kandi bigufasha kumva ufite icyizere kandi ugenzura ibyo bishobora kuba ibiganiro bibabaza.

Dore uko wakoresha neza igihe cyanyu mu kwa muganga:

Kwandika amakuru arambuye

Andika ibimenyetso byihariye, harimo icyabaye, igihe cyabaye, n’igihe cyamaranye. Shyiramo imyitwarire itera impungenge n’impinduka nziza.

Kora urutonde rw’ingaruka z’imiti, harimo ingaruka mbi ushobora kubona. Andika igihe wafashe imiti n’imiti utanyoye.

Tegura ibibazo byawe