Chordoma ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Chordoma ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y'amagufa buke cyane, iterwa n'uturemangingo dushigaje kuva igihe wari uruyoya. Izi tumo zigenda zikura gahoro gahoro ku mugongo cyangwa hasi y'umutwe, aho umugongo wawe wari warakozwe mu ntangiriro z'iterambere.

Nubwo chordomas ari nke, zikaba zigera kuri 1 kuri miliyoni 1 buri mwaka, gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso no gushaka ubuvuzi bukwiye. Izi tumo zigenda zikura buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka, bisobanura ko kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu musaruro.

Chordoma ni iki?

Chordoma iterwa n'ibisigazwa bya notocorde, igice gifatika nk'umugozi gifasha gukora umugongo wawe mu gihe cy'iterambere ry'umwana. Ubusanzwe, iki gice kigenda kigashira uko umugongo wawe ugenda ukura, ariko rimwe na rimwe hari utugari duke tw'utwo turemangingo dushobora gukomeza kubaho.

Ibi bice bisigaye bishobora guhinduka tumo, bikunze kugaragara mu bice bibiri by'ingenzi. Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cya chordomas bibaho hasi y'umutwe, mu gihe ikindi gice gikura mu mugongo wawe wo hasi, cyane cyane hafi y'umutwe w'umugongo.

Izi tumo zikura buhoro cyane, bikunze gufata imyaka kugira ngo zikure bihagije kugira ngo zibangamire. Uku kura gahoro bisobanura ko chordomas ishobora kugera ku bunini bunini mbere y'uko ubona ibibazo, ariyo mpamvu zimwe na zimwe zizwi nka "tumos zitavuga."

Ibimenyetso bya chordoma ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya chordoma biterwa cyane n'aho tumo iri n'ubunini bwayo. Kubera ko izi tumo zikura buhoro, ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kuba bito mu ntangiriro.

Iyo chordomas iba hasi y'umutwe, ushobora kugira:

• Uburwayi bw'umutwe buhoraho budakira neza n'imiti isanzwe yo kurwanya ububabare
• Kubona ibintu bibiri cyangwa ibindi bihinduka mu kubona
• Ibibazo by'umva cyangwa guhumura mu matwi
• Gukomeretsa kurya cyangwa kuvuga
• Ubuzimu cyangwa kubabara mu maso
• Igufatwa ry'izuru ridakira
• Kuva amaraso mu izuru nta mpamvu isobanutse

Ku birebana na chordomas iri mu mugongo, cyane cyane mu mugongo wo hasi cyangwa umutwe w'umugongo, ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ububabare buhoraho mu mugongo wo hasi cyangwa umutwe w'umugongo
• Ububabare buzamuka iyo wicaye cyangwa ugiye kuryama
• Ibibazo byo kugenzura umwijima cyangwa umwanya
• Ubuzimu cyangwa intege nke mu maguru
• Igice cyangwa ikibyimba ushobora kumva
• Gukomeretsa kugenda cyangwa guhinduka mu buryo ugenda

Mu bihe bitoroshye, chordomas ishobora kuba mu gice cyo hagati cy'umugongo, ikaba itera ububabare bw'umugongo, intege nke z'amaboko, cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza ibikorwa. Aya maboneka ni make ariko ashobora gutera ibimenyetso bikomeye uko tumo ikura.

Intandaro ya chordoma ni iki?

Chordoma iterwa n'uturemangingo dushigaje kuva mu iterambere ry'umwana utaravuka, dutangira gukura nabi. Mu ntangiriro z'iterambere ryawe, igice cyitwa notocorde gifasha gukora umugongo wawe hanyuma gisanzwe kigashira.

Rimwe na rimwe, utugari duke tw'utwo turemangingo dusigara mu mubiri wawe nyuma yo kuvuka. Mu bantu benshi, utwo turemangingo twasigaye ntibutera ibibazo kandi tuguma tudakora mu buzima bwose. Ariko kandi, mu bihe bitoroshye, utwo turemangingo dushobora gutangira kwibyara no gukura bikaba tumo, nubwo tutabona neza icyabiteye.

Chordomas nyinshi zibaho ku bushake nta ntandaro isobanutse cyangwa icyaziteye. Bitandukanye na kanseri zimwe na zimwe, chordomas ntiziterwa n'imikorere y'ubuzima nk'itabi, indyo, cyangwa ibintu byo mu kirere. Nanone ntibigaragara ko biterwa n'indwara cyangwa imvune.

Mu bihe bitoroshye cyane, chordomas ishobora kuba mu miryango kubera impinduka za gene, ariko ibi bigize munsi ya 5% by'ibibazo byose. Benshi mu bantu bafite chordoma nta mateka y'iyi ndwara mu miryango yabo.

Ubundi bwoko bwa chordoma ni ubuhe?

Abaganga bagabanya chordomas mu bwoko butatu bushingiye ku buryo bigaragara munsi y'ikirahure. Buri bwoko bufite imico n'imyitwarire bitandukanye gato, nubwo chordomas zose zifatwa nk'ubwoko bwa kanseri buke.

Chordoma isanzwe ni bwoko bwose, bugize hafi 85% bya chordomas zose. Izi tumo zikura buhoro kandi zifite isura isanzwe ifite uturemangingo durasa nk'amababi y'isabune munsi y'ikirahure.

Chondroid chordoma igize hafi 10% by'ibibazo kandi irimo uturemangingo twa chordoma n'umubiri usa n'umucanga. Ubu bwoko busanzwe bukunze kuba hasi y'umutwe kandi bushobora kugira ibyiringiro byiza kurusha chordoma isanzwe.

Dedifferentiated chordoma ni bwoko buke kandi bukomeye, bugize munsi ya 5% bya chordomas zose. Izi tumo zikura vuba kurusha izindi kandi zishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe, bituma bigoye kuvura.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera chordoma?

Ukwiye kubona muganga niba ufite ibimenyetso bihoraho bidakira neza n'ubuvuzi busanzwe cyangwa kuruhuka. Kubera ko ibimenyetso bya chordoma bishobora kuba bito kandi bikura buhoro, ni ngombwa kudapfobya ibibazo bikomeza kubaho.

Shaka ubuvuzi niba ufite ububabare bw'umutwe butandukanye n'ububabare busanzwe bw'umutwe, cyane cyane niba buherekejwe n'impinduka mu kubona, ibibazo by'umva, cyangwa ubuzimu mu maso. Iyi mimerere y'ibimenyetso isaba isuzuma ryihuse.

Ku birebana n'ibimenyetso by'umugongo, reba muganga niba ufite ububabare buhoraho bw'umugongo cyangwa umutwe w'umugongo budakira neza n'ikiruhuko, cyane cyane niba buherekejwe n'ibibazo by'umwijima cyangwa umwanya, intege nke z'amaguru, cyangwa ubuzimu. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza igitutu ku mitsi ikomeye.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ubona impinduka zitunguranye mu bimenyetso byawe cyangwa niba bigenda bigenda byiyongera vuba. Nubwo chordomas zikura buhoro, tumo iyo ari yo yose ishobora rimwe na rimwe gutera impinduka zihuse zisaba ubutabazi bw'ihutirwa.

Ibyago byo kurwara chordoma ni ibihe?

Imyaka ni yo ntandaro ikomeye y'ibyago byo kurwara chordoma, aho ibimenyetso byinshi bibaho mu bantu bakuru bari hagati y'imyaka 40 na 70. Ariko kandi, izi tumo zishobora kubaho mu myaka yose, harimo n'abana n'abangavu, nubwo ibi ari bike.

Abagabo bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara chordoma kurusha abagore, cyane cyane ku birebana na tumo iba mu mugongo. Ku birebana na chordomas iba ku mutwe, ibyago ni kimwe ku bagabo n'abagore.

Kugira indwara ya genekeke yitwa tuberous sclerosis complex byongera gato ibyago byo kurwara chordoma. Ariko kandi, ibi bigize igice gito cyane cy'ibibazo, kandi abantu benshi bafite tuberous sclerosis ntibarwara chordoma.

Mu bihe bitoroshye cyane, chordoma ishobora kuba mu miryango kubera impinduka za gene zirakomoka. Niba ufite umuntu wa hafi mu muryango ufite chordoma, ibyago byawe bishobora kuba byiyongereye gato, ariko ibi biracyari bike cyane kandi chordomas nyinshi ziba mu bantu badafite amateka y'iyi ndwara mu miryango yabo.

Ingaruka zishoboka za chordoma ni izihe?

Ingaruka za chordoma zigengwa ahanini n'aho tumo iri n'ubunini bwayo kuruta ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukwirakwira mu mubiri wawe. Kubera ko izi tumo zikura mu bice by'ingenzi hafi y'ubwonko n'umugongo, zishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye uko zigenda zikura.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kuba:

• Imyangirire idakira y'imitsi itera intege nke, ubuzimu, cyangwa ubugufi
• Kudakora neza kw'umwijima cyangwa umwanya niba tumo igira ingaruka ku mitsi y'umugongo
• Kubura kubona cyangwa kumva ku birebana na tumo iba ku mutwe
• Gukomeretsa kurya cyangwa kuvuga
• Ububabare buhoraho bugorana gucunga
• Ibibazo byo kugenda cyangwa gukomeretsa kugenda

Mu bihe bitoroshye, chordoma ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri, cyane cyane mu bihaha, umwijima, cyangwa amagufa andi. Ibi bibaho kuri hafi 30% by'ibibazo, bikunze kuba nyuma y'imyaka myinshi nyuma yo kubimenya bwa mbere. Iyo chordoma ikwirakwira, biba bigoye cyane kuvura.

Ingaruka z'ubuvuzi zishobora kandi kubaho, cyane cyane nyuma y'ubuganga muri ibi bice byoroshye. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo indwara, kuva amazi yo mu bwonko, cyangwa imyangoire y'imitsi yiyongereye. Ariko kandi, uburyo bushya bw'ubuganga bwagabanije cyane ibyo byago.

Chordoma imenyeshwa gute?

Kumenya chordoma bikunze gutangira muganga akuze amateka y'ibimenyetso byawe akakora isuzuma ry'umubiri. Kubera ko ibimenyetso bya chordoma bishobora kuba bisa n'ibindi bibazo, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibizamini by'amashusho kugira ngo abone neza icyo kibazo.

Ibizamini bya MRI ni byo bizamini by'amashusho by'ingirakamaro kuri chordoma kuko bitanga amashusho arambuye y'imiterere yoroheje kandi bishobora kugaragaza aho tumo iri n'ubunini bwayo. Ibizamini bya CT bishobora kandi gukoreshwa kugira ngo turebe uko tumo igira ingaruka ku miterere y'amagufa iri hafi.

Uburyo bwonyine bwo kumenya neza chordoma ni binyuze mu kwipimisha, aho igice gito cya tumo gikurwaho kikarebwa munsi y'ikirahure. Ubu buryo busaba igenamigambi ry'ubwenge kubera ko chordomas iba mu bice byoroshye hafi y'ibice by'ingenzi.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka ibindi bizamini nka PET scans kugira ngo amenye niba tumo ikwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe. Ibizamini by'amaraso ntibikunze gufasha mu kumenya chordoma kubera ko izi tumo ntizikunze gutanga ibimenyetso bishobora kuboneka mu maraso yawe.

Ubuvuzi bwa chordoma ni ubuhe?

Ubuganga ni bwo buvuzi bw'ibanze bwa chordoma kandi butanga amahirwe meza yo kuyigumisha mu gihe kirekire. Intego ni ukukuraho tumo nyinshi uko bishoboka kose ubungabunze ibice by'ingenzi biri hafi nk'imitsi n'imijyana y'amaraso.

Gukuraho tumo yose bishobora kuba bigoye kubera ko chordomas zikunze gukura hafi y'ibice by'ingenzi. Itsinda ryanyu ry'abaganga rizaba rifite abahanga bafite ubunararibonye mu gukora ibi bikorwa bigoye, nka neurosurgeons na orthopedic oncologists.

Ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire bikunze gukoreshwa nyuma y'ubuganga kugira ngo buvure uturemangingo twose twa tumo tutashoboraga gukurwaho neza. Uburyo bushya nk'ubuvuzi bwa proton beam cyangwa stereotactic radiosurgery bishobora gutanga umwanya munini w'imirasire ku tumo mu gihe bigabanya iyangirika ku miterere y'umubiri igezweho.

Ubuvuzi bwo gukoresha imiti ntibukora neza kuri chordomas nyinshi, ariko uburyo bushya bwo kuvura bugenda bugaragaza ibyiringiro. Imiti imwe ibuza ibimenyetso byihariye byo gukura mu turemangingo twa kanseri iri kwiga kandi ishobora kugira inama mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.

Ku birebana na tumo zitabasha gukurwaho, ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire bwonyine bushobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo buhagarike gukura no gucunga ibimenyetso. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakorana nawe kugira ngo mutegure uburyo bwiza bushingiye ku mimerere yawe.

Uko wakwitwara murugo ufite chordoma

Kwitwara murugo ufite chordoma bigamije kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe no gufasha ubuzima bwawe muri rusange mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi. Gucunga ububabare ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kwitwara murugo, kandi muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti ikwiye kugira ngo ugumane amahoro.

Kuguma ukora imyitozo ukurikije ubushobozi bwawe bishobora kugufasha kubungabunga imbaraga zawe n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo kugenda. Imikino yo kuvura umubiri, nk'uko itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga ribitegeka, ishobora kugufasha kwirinda intege nke z'imitsi no kubungabunga imikorere mu bice byangiritse.

Kurya indyo yuzuye, ifite intungamubiri zikenewe, bifasha umubiri wawe gukira no guhangana n'ubuvuzi. Fata umwanya wo kurya ibiryo bifite proteine, vitamine, na minerali zihagije, kandi ugumane amazi ahagije mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi.

Gucunga umunaniro n'imitekerereze ni ngombwa cyane. Tekereza kujya mu matsinda y'abantu barwaye kanseri nke, gukora imyitozo yo kwiruhura, cyangwa gukorana n'umujyanama usobanukiwe ibibazo byo kubana n'indwara nke.

Komeza ukore inyandiko y'ibimenyetso byawe bishya cyangwa bihinduka kandi ube ukorana n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga. Kugira inyandiko y'ibimenyetso byawe, urwego rw'ububabare, n'uko wumva bishobora gufasha abaganga bawe guhindura gahunda y'ubuvuzi uko bikenewe.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Mbere yo gusura muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye, uko byahindutse mu gihe, n'icyo bibafasha cyangwa kibibabaza. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa neza uko uhagaze.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose ufata, harimo imiti yanditswe na muganga, imiti yo mu maduka, n'ibindi byongerwamo. Nanone, kora kopi y'ibyemezo by'ubuvuzi byabanje, ibisubizo by'ibizamini, cyangwa amashusho ajyanye n'ibimenyetso byawe.

Tegura urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe. Ibibazo by'ingenzi bishobora kuba birimo ibizamini ukeneye, uburyo bwo kuvura buhari, n'icyo witeze mu gihe kiri imbere. Ntugire ubwoba bwo gusaba ko basobanura neza niba hari ikintu kitasobanutse.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa incuti wizeye. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi no gutanga inkunga mu gihe gishobora kuba kigoye.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri chordoma

Chordoma ni indwara nke ariko ikomeye isaba ubuvuzi bwihariye bwa matsinda y'abaganga bafite ubunararibonye. Nubwo kumenya iyi ndwara bishobora kuba bigoye, iterambere ry'uburyo bushya bw'ubuganga n'ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire byateje imbere cyane ibyiringiro byinshi ku bantu benshi.

Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura ni ngombwa kugira ngo tugere ku musaruro mwiza. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bihoraho, cyane cyane ibyangiza umutwe, ijosi, cyangwa umugongo, ntutinye gushaka isuzuma rya muganga.

Wibuke ko kuba ufite chordoma ntibivuze ko uri wenyine. Huza n'abaganga bamenyereye kuvura kanseri nke, kandi tekereza kuza mu matsinda y'abantu bafite ibibazo nk'ibyawe.

Hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'inkunga, abantu benshi bafite chordoma bashobora kugira ubuzima bwiza. Komeza ube uzi neza ibyerekeye indwara yawe, uharanire uburenganzira bwawe, kandi ukore neza n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga kugira ngo mutegure uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura bushingiye ku mimerere yawe.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri chordoma

Q1: Ese chordoma irashobora kuzanwa mu miryango?

Chordomas nyinshi zibaho ku bushake kandi ntizizana mu miryango. Munsi ya 5% by'ibibazo bibaho mu miryango kubera impinduka za gene. Niba ufite amateka y'iyi ndwara mu muryango wawe, ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byiyongereye gato, ariko ibi biracyari bike cyane kandi abantu benshi bafite chordoma nta mateka y'iyi ndwara mu miryango yabo.

Q2: Ese chordoma ikura vuba?

Chordomas zikura buhoro cyane mu mezi cyangwa imyaka. Uku kura gahoro bisobanura ko ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora kuba bito mu ntangiriro. Ariko kandi, ubwoko bwa dedifferentiated chordoma bushobora gukura vuba kurusha izindi kandi bugakora nabi.

Q3: Ese chordoma ishobora gukira?

Gukira byuzuye bishoboka niba tumo yose ishobora gukurwaho, ariko ibi bishobora kuba bigoye kubera aho chordoma iba hafi y'ibice by'ingenzi. Abantu benshi bagera ku kigenzura igihe kirekire cy'indwara yabo hamwe n'ubuganga n'ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire, nubwo hari uturemangingo twa tumo dushobora gukomeza kubaho.

Q4: Ese chordoma ikwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri?

Chordoma ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri, ariko ibi bibaho bike kurusha kanseri nyinshi. Hafi 30% bya chordomas birangira bikwirakwira, cyane cyane mu bihaha, umwijima, cyangwa amagufa andi. Ibi bikunze kuba nyuma y'imyaka myinshi nyuma yo kubimenya bwa mbere.

Q5: Ni iki kiringiro cy'ubuzima ufite chordoma?

Ibyiringiro by'ubuzima bihinduka cyane bitewe n'ibintu nka aho tumo iri, ubunini bwayo, ubwoko, n'uko ishobora kuvurwa neza. Abantu benshi babaho imyaka myinshi cyangwa ndetse n'imyaka mirongo nyuma yo kubimenya, cyane cyane iyo tumo imenyekanye hakiri kare kandi ivurwa neza. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rishobora gutanga amakuru arambuye ashingiye ku mimerere yawe.