CMV ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

CMV bisobanura cytomegalovirus, virusi isanzwe iboneka mu muryango wa herpes. Abantu benshi bandura CMV mu buzima bwabo, akenshi batabizi kuko isanzwe itera ibimenyetso bike cyangwa nta bimenyetso na bimwe.

Iyi virusi ifite ubuhanga bwo kwihisha mu mubiri wawe. Iyo umaze kuyandura, CMV igumana mu mubiri wawe ubuzima bwose, kimwe na varicelle. Ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza, ibi nta kibazo bibatera kuko ubudahangarwa bwabo buyigumisha mugenzura.

Ibimenyetso bya CMV ni ibihe?

Ku bantu bakuru n'abana bafite ubuzima bwiza, kwandura CMV ntibitera ibimenyetso cyangwa bitera ibimenyetso bike cyane bisa n'iby'umwijima usanzwe. Ushobora kutamenya ko wayanduye, niyo mpamvu CMV ikunze kwitwa virusi 'y'itutu'.

Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza, bisanzwe biba byoroshye kandi birimo:

• Umuriro muke uza ukagenda
• Umunaniro umutera kwifuza kuruhuka cyane
• Kubabara mu muhogo bisa n'umwijima muke
• Umuhogo ubabara, cyane cyane mu ijosi
• Kubabara kw'imikaya bisa n'aho wari ukoze imyitozo

Ibi bimenyetso bisanzwe biba iminsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bibiri hanyuma bigashira buhoro buhoro uko ubudahangarwa bwawe bugenda bubigenzura.

Ariko kandi, CMV ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bikomeye ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke, nka barwayi ba SIDA, abarwayi ba kanseri bafata imiti yo kuvura kanseri, cyangwa abafashe ibice by'umubiri w'abandi. Muri ibyo bihe, virusi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku maso, mu mapapu, mu mwijima, cyangwa mu gice cy'igogora, bikaba bikenewe kuvurwa vuba.

Ni iki gitera CMV?

CMV ikwirakwira binyuze mu guhura hafi n'ibintu byanduye by'umubiri nka sisaliv, inkari, amaraso, amata y'ibere, n'ibintu by'imyororokere. Virusi isanzwe, bityo ushobora kuyandura mu mimerere ya buri munsi utabizi.

Uburyo busanzwe abantu bandura CMV harimo:

• Gusomana n'umuntu ufite iyo virusi
• Gusangira ibinyobwa, ibikoresho, cyangwa ibiryo n'umuntu wanduye
• Guhindura udupfukamunwa tw'abana banduye
• Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina n'umuntu ufite iyo virusi
• Guhabwa amaraso cyangwa ibice by'umubiri w'abandi (nubwo ibi ari bike kubera isuzuma)
• Kuva ku mubyeyi ku mwana mu gihe cyo gutwita, kubyara, cyangwa konsa

Abana bato cyane nibo bakwirakwiza CMV kuko bakunze kugira iyo virusi mu sisaliv yabo no mu nkari zabo, kandi ntibahora bitondera isuku. Niyo mpamvu abakozi bo muri crèche n'ababyeyi b'abana bato bafite umubare munini w'abandura CMV.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera CMV?

Abantu benshi bafite CMV ntibakenera kujya kwa muganga kuko ibimenyetso byabo biba bike kandi bigashira ubwabyo. Ariko hariho imimerere runaka aho ubuvuzi buhinduka ikintu gikomeye ku buzima bwawe n'umutekano wawe.

Wagomba kuvugana n'abaganga bawe niba ufite:

• Umuriro uhoraho urenze 38.3°C ukamara iminsi irenga mike
• Umunaniro ukomeye ubuza gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi
• Ibibazo by'amaso nko kubura uburyo bwo kubona neza cyangwa kubona amatara adakwiye
• Gukora cyane cyangwa inkorora ihoraho
• Kubabara mu nda cyane cyangwa impiswi ihoraho
• Ibimenyetso by'indwara niba ufite ubudahangarwa buke

Niba utwite, ni ingenzi cyane kuvugana na muganga wawe kuri CMV kuko iyo virusi ishobora rimwe na rimwe kugira ingaruka ku mwana wawe uri gutwita. Muganga wawe ashobora kugupima agakugira inama ishingiye ku mimerere yawe.

Ibyago byo kwandura CMV ni ibihe?

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kwandura CMV cyangwa gutera ingaruka mbi. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bigufasha kumenya igihe ukwiye kwitondera cyane no gusaba ubuvuzi.

Ibyago bisanzwe birimo:

• Gukora mu kigo cyita ku bana cyangwa mu bitaro
• Kugira abana bato mu rugo
• Kuba ufite ubuzima bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abantu benshi
• Kugira ubudahangarwa buke buterwa n'indwara cyangwa imiti
• Gutwita (cyane cyane niba ari ubwa mbere wandura CMV)
• Guhabwa igice cy'umubiri w'undi cyangwa amaraso

Imyaka nayo igira uruhare mu buryo CMV ikwirakwira. Abana benshi bayandura bafite imyaka 5, mu gihe abakuze bayandura binyuze mu mibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa guhura hafi n'abana banduye. Uko ugira imyaka myinshi umaze utarwara CMV, ni ko ushobora kubona ibimenyetso byinshi.

Kugira ibyo byago ntibisobanura ko uzandura CMV. Bisobanura gusa ko ushobora kwirinda cyane no kwitondera ibimenyetso bishobora kwerekana ko wanduye.

Ingaruka zishoboka za CMV ni izihe?

Ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza, CMV ntabwo itera ingaruka mbi. Ubudahangarwa bwawe busanzwe bugenzura iyo virusi neza, kandi uzakira neza nta ngaruka ziramba.

Ariko kandi, ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho mu matsinda amwe n'amwe afite intege nke. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke bashobora kugira:

• CMV retinitis, ishobora kugira ingaruka ku kubona kandi ikaba itera ubuhumyi
• Pneumonia itera ibibazo byo guhumeka
• Kubabara mu mwijima (hepatitis)
• Ibibazo by'igogora birimo kubabara mu guhumeka
• Kubabara mu bwonko (encephalitis) mu bihe bike

Izo ngaruka zikenera ubuvuzi bwihuse kandi gukurikiranwa n'abaganga.

Ku bagore batwite, CMV ishobora rimwe na rimwe kwandura ku mwana uri gutwita, bikitwa CMV yavukiye mu nda. Abana benshi bavuka bafite CMV baba bafite ubuzima bwiza, ariko bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo byo kumva, gutinda gutera imbere, cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima. Niyo mpamvu kwita ku buzima bw'umubyeyi n'isuzuma ari ingenzi cyane mu gihe cyo gutwita.

CMV ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo utazibuza burundu CMV kuko isanzwe, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kuyandura binyuze mu myitwarire isuku. Ibyo bintu ni ingenzi cyane niba utwite cyangwa ufite ubudahangarwa buke.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda bugira akamaro harimo:

• Kwoza intoki kenshi n'amazi n'isabune, cyane cyane nyuma yo guhindura udupfukamunwa
• Kwirinda gusangira ibiryo, ibinyobwa, cyangwa ibikoresho n'abana bato
• Kudatambikana n'abana bato ku munwa cyangwa ku matama
• Gusukura ibikinisho n'ibintu bishobora kugira sisaliv cyangwa inkari
• Gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina y'isuku no kumenya uko umukunzi wawe ameze kuri CMV
• Kwitondera cyane isuku niba ukora mu kigo cyita ku bana cyangwa mu bitaro

Ibyo bintu bishobora kugaragara nk'ibirenze urugero, ariko ni ingenzi cyane ku bagore batwite bataranduye CMV mbere. Muganga wawe ashobora gupima amaraso yawe kugira ngo arebe niba umaze kugira CMV, ibyo bigufasha kumenya urwego rw'ibyago.

CMV imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya CMV bisanzwe bikubiyemo ibizamini by'amaraso bishaka antikorps ubudahangarwa bwawe bukora kugira ngo burwanye iyo virusi. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gupima iyo virusi ubwayo mu maraso yawe, mu nkari zawe, cyangwa mu sisaliv yawe bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe n'imimerere yawe.

Ibizamini bisanzwe byo gupima birimo:

• Ibizamini bya CMV IgG na IgM antikorps kugira ngo urebe niba umaze kuyandura vuba cyangwa mbere
• Ibizamini bya CMV ADN bishaka virusi ubwayo mu mubiri wawe
• Ibizamini by'inkari, bikaba byiza cyane mu kumenya CMV mu bana
• Gucukura ingingo mu bihe bikomeye kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ingingo zanduye

Umuvuzi wawe azahitamo ikizamini gikwiye hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y'ubuzima, niba uri mu itsinda rifite ibyago byinshi. Rimwe na rimwe, hakenerwa ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo hamenyekane neza uko wanduye.

Niba utwite, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ko wowe n'umwana wawe mupimwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba iyo virusi yavuye kuri nyina ku mwana. Ibyo bifasha mu gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura no gukurikirana.

Ubuvuzi bwa CMV ni buhe?

Abantu benshi bafite ubuzima bwiza bafite CMV ntibakenera ubuvuzi bwihariye kuko ubudahangarwa bwabo bugengura iyo virusi mu buryo busanzwe. Ibikenewe ni ugucunga ibimenyetso no kumenya ko uri amahoro mu gihe umubiri wawe urwanya iyo virusi.

Ku bimenyetso bike, ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo:

• Kuruhukira cyane kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bwawe bukore neza
• Kunywesha amazi menshi kugira ngo ugume ufite amazi ahagije
• Guta imiti igabanya ububabare n'umuriro
• Gukoresha imiti yo mu kanwa cyangwa amazi ashyushye y'umunyu kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare mu muhogo

Ariko kandi, abantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke cyangwa ingaruka mbi zishobora gukenera imiti yo kurwanya virusi. Iyo miti ishobora gufasha kugenzura virusi no kuyibuza gukomeretsa ingingo zawe.

Imiti isanzwe yo kurwanya virusi irimo ganciclovir, valganciclovir, na foscarnet. Muganga wawe azahitamo imiti ikwiye hashingiwe ku mimerere yawe, uburemere bw'indwara yawe, n'uko impyiko zawe n'izindi ngingo zikora.

Uko wacunga CMV mu rugo

Kwita ku buzima bwawe mu rugo mu gihe ufite CMV ni ukugira ngo ufashe ubudahangarwa bwawe no gucunga ibimenyetso bidakwiye. Abantu benshi barakira neza bakoresheje uburyo bworoshye bwo kwita ku buzima bwabo no kwihangana.

Dore uko ushobora kwifasha kumva neza:

• Kuruhukira uko bishoboka kose, nubwo bisaba gufata ikiruhuko mu kazi cyangwa mu ishuri
• Kunywesha amazi menshi, icyayi cy'ibimera, cyangwa amasupu ashyushye kugira ngo ugume ufite amazi ahagije
• Kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri bifasha ubudahangarwa bwawe
• Gukoresha humidifier kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare mu muhogo no guhumeka nabi
• Koga amazi ashyushye kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare bw'imikaya
• Kwima amatabira n'itabi, bishobora kugabanya ubudahangarwa bwawe

Ni ingenzi kandi kwirinda gukwirakwiza iyo virusi ku bandi mu gihe uri gukira. Kwoza intoki kenshi, kwirinda gusangira ibintu byawe bwite, kandi utekereze kuguma mu rugo kugeza umuriro wawe uhagaze kandi ukumva umeze neza.

Kwitondera ibimenyetso byawe no kuvugana n'abaganga bawe niba bikomeje cyangwa niba hari ibindi bimenyetso bishya bigaragaye. Abantu benshi batangira kumva neza mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri, ariko gukira burundu bishobora gufata ibyumweru byinshi.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwita ku gusura kwawe kwa muganga bigufasha kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye kuri CMV. Gufata iminota mike kugira ngo utegure ibitekerezo byawe n'amakuru mbere bishobora gutuma ubusabane bugira umumaro.

Mbere yo gusura muganga, gerageza gutegura:

• Urutonde rw'ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uburemere bwabyo
• Amakuru yerekeye guhura vuba n'abana bato cyangwa abantu bashobora kuba bafite CMV
• Amateka yawe y'ubuzima, cyane cyane ibibazo byose bigira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bwawe
• Urutonde rw'imiti yose n'ibindi ufashe
• Ibibazo ku bipimo, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'uburyo bwo kwirinda
• Amateka yawe yo gukingira n'ingendo zawe za vuba

Ntukabe ikibazo kubabaza ibibazo bikubangamiye. Ibibazo bishobora kuba birimo igihe uzaba ukiri kwanduza, igihe ushobora gusubira ku kazi, cyangwa ibimenyetso bikwiye kukubwira ko ugomba guhamagara.

Niba utwite cyangwa uteganya gutwita, menya ko ugomba kubivugana na muganga wawe kuko bigira ingaruka ku bipimo n'uburyo bwo kuvura. Umuvuzi wawe ashobora kugufasha hashingiwe ku mimerere yawe.

Icyingenzi kuri CMV

CMV ni virusi isanzwe cyane kandi abantu benshi bazayibona mu buzima bwabo, kandi abenshi bandura bayibona nta kibazo. Ubudahangarwa bwawe busanzwe buhora bugenzura iyo virusi igihe umaze kuyandura.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko CMV isanzwe idatera ikibazo ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza. Nubwo ishobora gutera ibibazo ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke cyangwa mu gihe cyo gutwita, ibyo bibazo bishobora gucungwa neza hifashishijwe ubuvuzi n'ubukurikirane.

Uburyo bworoshye bwo kwirinda nko kwoza intoki kenshi no kwirinda gusangira ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura. Niba ufite ibimenyetso, abenshi barakira ubwabo bakoresheje kuruhuka no kwita ku buzima bwabo.

Komeza kuvugana n'abaganga bawe niba ufite impungenge, cyane cyane niba utwite, ufite ubudahangarwa buke, cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa bikomeza. Hamwe n'amakuru n'ubuvuzi bikwiye, CMV irahanganwa.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho kuri CMV

Wabona CMV incuro nyinshi?

Iyo umaze kwandura CMV, iyo virusi igumana mu mubiri wawe ubuzima bwose ariko isanzwe iba mu mutuzo. Nubwo kwandura ukundi n'ubwoko butandukanye bishoboka, ni bike kandi bisanzwe biterwa n'ibimenyetso bike kurusha ubwa mbere. Ubudahangarwa bwawe busanzwe bukingira neza kugira ngo utarwara CMV ukundi.

Uba ukiri kwanduza CMV igihe kingana gute?

Ushobora kwanduza CMV ibyumweru cyangwa amezi nyuma yo kwandura, nubwo udafite ibimenyetso. Iyo virusi ishobora kuboneka mu sisaliv, mu nkari, no mu bindi bintu by'umubiri muri icyo gihe. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa buke bashobora kwanduza igihe kirekire, rimwe na rimwe badahwema.

CMV isa nkaho ari kimwe n'ibisebe byo ku munwa?

Oya, CMV n'ibisebe byo ku munwa biterwa na virusi zitandukanye, nubwo zombi ziri mu muryango wa herpes. Ibisebe byo ku munwa biterwa na herpes simplex virus (HSV-1 cyangwa HSV-2), mu gihe CMV ari cytomegalovirus. CMV isanzwe itera ibisebe bitagaragara ku munwa cyangwa ku minwa nk'uko HSV ibikora.

CMV ishobora gutera umunaniro uhoraho?

Nubwo CMV ishobora gutera umunaniro mu gihe cy'indwara, ntabwo itera umunaniro uhoraho ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza. Ariko kandi, bamwe bashobora kumva bananiwe ibyumweru byinshi nyuma y'indwara. Niba umunaniro ukomeje amezi menshi, ni byiza kuvugana n'abaganga bawe ku bindi bintu bishobora kuba bitera.

Ndagomba gupimwa CMV niba nteganya gutwita?

Gupimwa CMV mbere yo gutwita bishobora gufasha kuko bigufasha kumenya niba umaze kuyandura. Niba utaranduye CMV, ugomba kwitondera cyane kwirinda mu gihe cyo gutwita. Niba umaze kuyandura, ibyago byo kuyiha umwana wawe biracye cyane. Vugana n'abaganga bawe ku bipimo igihe uteganya gutwita.