Ese ni iki Coarctation ya Aorta? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Coarctation ya Aorta ni uburwayi wavukana aho igice cy'umuyoboro mukuru w'amaraso mu mubiri wawe kiba kigabanyijwe. Ubu bugabanyuke butuma umutima wawe ukora cyane kugira ngo utere amaraso mu mubiri wawe wose. Tekereza nk'umuyoboro w'amazi ufite ikibazo hagati - amazi aracyagenda, ariko hari umuvuduko munini inyuma y'aho umuyoboro wagabanutse.

Ubu burwayi bugera kuri umwe kuri 2,500 by'abana bavuka buri mwaka. Nubwo byumvikana ko ari bibi, ubuvuzi bugezweho butanga uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura bushobora gufasha abantu bafite ubu burwayi kubaho ubuzima burebure kandi bwiza.

Ese ni iki Coarctation ya Aorta?

Coarctation ya Aorta ibaho iyo igice cya Aorta - umuyoboro munini w'amaraso mu mubiri wawe - kigabanyuka cyangwa kikamanuka. Aorta itwara amaraso yuzuye ogisijeni aturuka mu mutima wawe yerekeza mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe.

Akenshi, ubu bugabanyuke buzaba hafi aho umuyoboro wa ductus arteriosus uhurira na Aorta. Ductus arteriosus ni umuyoboro w'amaraso abana bose bagira mbere yo kuvuka, ugasohoka vuba nyuma yo kuvuka. Iyo coarctation ibaye muri ako gace, ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'umuvuduko w'amaraso.

Ubugabanyuke butuma umutima wawe ukora cyane kugira ngo ushobore gutera amaraso arenze aho umuyoboro wagabanutse. Iki gikorwa cyiyongereye gishobora gutuma umuvuduko w'amaraso wiyongera mu gice cyo hejuru cy'umubiri wawe mu gihe ugabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso mu gice cyo hasi.

Ibimenyetso bya Coarctation ya Aorta ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'uburemere bw'ubugabanyuke n'igihe byabaye. Bamwe bagira ibimenyetso bigaragara mu buto, abandi bashobora kutamenya ibibazo kugeza bakuze.

Mu bana bato n'abana, ushobora kubona ibi bimenyetso bikurikira:

• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka vuba
• Kudakunda kurya cyangwa kurya bike ugereranyije n'ibisanzwe
• Uruhu rwera cyangwa rwera-gikeri
• Kwituma cyane mu gihe cyo kurya
• Kwiheba cyangwa guhora uhangayitse
• Kudakura neza
• Amaboko n'ibirenge bipfuye

Ibi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara iyo ductus arteriosus isohoka mu minsi mike cyangwa mu byumweru bike byambere by'ubuzima. Iyo isohoka ishobora kongera ubugabanyuke kandi ikaba ikibazo cy'ubuvuzi gisaba ubufasha bw'ihutirwa.

Abana n'abakuze bafite uburwayi buke bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bitandukanye:

• Umuvuduko w'amaraso muri amaboko
• Umutwe uza ukagenda
• Kugira intege nke z'imitsi mu birenge
• Ibirenge bipfuye cyangwa guhumeka mu birenge
• Kuzana amaraso mu mazuru kenshi
• Kubabara mu gituza mu gihe cyo gukora imyitozo
• Guhumeka nabi mu gihe cyo gukora imyitozo

Bamwe bagira icyo abaganga bita "umuguzi w'amaraso" uko iminsi igenda. Ibi bivuze ko umubiri wawe ukoresha inzira nshya zo gutwara amaraso hafi aho umuyoboro wagabanutse, ibyo bishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso ariko ntibikemura ikibazo nyamukuru.

Ubwoko bwa Coarctation ya Aorta ni ubuhe?

Abaganga basobanura coarctation bitewe n'aho ubugabanyuke buri n'uko buhuriye n'indi miyoboro y'amaraso. Gusobanukirwa ubwo bwoko bufasha mu gupima uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Preductal coarctation iba mbere y'aho ductus arteriosus uhurira na Aorta. Ubwo bwoko bukunze gutera ibimenyetso bikomeye mu bana bato kuko iyo ductus arteriosus isohoka, umuvuduko w'amaraso ujya mu gice cyo hasi ugabanuka cyane.

Postductal coarctation iba nyuma y'aho ductus arteriosus ahurira. Ubwo bwoko busanzwe butera ibimenyetso gahoro gahoro kandi bishobora kutagaragara kugeza mu bwana cyangwa se mu bukure.

Juxtaductal coarctation iba hafi aho bahurira. Ni bwo bwoko busanzwe kandi bushobora gutera ibimenyetso mu myaka itandukanye bitewe n'uburemere bw'ubugabanyuke.

Ese ni iki gitera Coarctation ya Aorta?

Coarctation ya Aorta iba mu gihe cyo gutwita igihe umutima w'umwana wawe n'imiyoboro y'amaraso birimo gukura. Impamvu nyamukuru y'ibyo ntibirasobanuka neza, ariko abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare.

Ibintu by'umuzuko bigira uruhare runini mu bintu byinshi. Bamwe mu bana baragwa imyanya y'umuzuko igira ingaruka ku mikurire y'imiyoboro y'amaraso yabo, bituma coarctation ibaho.

Uburwayi bumwe bw'umuzuko bwiyongera ibyago bya coarctation:

• Turner syndrome - uburwayi bw'imiterere y'uruhinja bugira ingaruka ku bakobwa
• Bicuspid aortic valve - aho umuvure w'umutima ufite ibice bibiri aho kuba bitatu
• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome - kudakura neza kw'igice cy'ibumoso cy'umutima
• Ibibazo by'umuvure wa mitral
• Shone syndrome - guhurirana kw'ibibazo byinshi by'umutima

Ibintu by'ibidukikije mu gihe cyo gutwita bishobora kugira uruhare, nubwo ibimenyetso bitaragaragara neza. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bugaragaza ko imiti imwe, indwara, cyangwa kwandura ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago, ariko hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugira ngo byemezwe.

Mu bintu bike, coarctation ishobora kuba nyuma y'imyaka myinshi kubera ibibazo biterwa no gukomeretsa cyangwa kwandura kwa Aorta, nka Takayasu arteritis cyangwa atherosclerosis ikomeye.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Coarctation ya Aorta?

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga vuba bishoboka niba umwana wawe mushya agaragaza ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umutima. Ibimenyetso byihutirwa birimo kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kudakunda kurya, uruhu rwera cyangwa rw'ubururu, cyangwa guhora uhangayitse bidakira n'uburyo busanzwe bwo guhumuriza.

Ku bana bakuze n'abakuze, tegura urugendo kwa muganga niba ubona umuvuduko w'amaraso uhora uri hejuru, cyane cyane niba ari hejuru mu maboko yawe kurusha mu birenge byawe. Ibindi bimenyetso bikurikira birimo umutwe uza ukagenda, intege nke z'amaguru mu gihe cyo gukora imyitozo, cyangwa kubabara mu gituza mu gihe cyo gukora imyitozo.

Kujya gukorerwa isuzuma buri gihe biba byiza cyane niba ufite amateka y'umuryango w'ibibazo by'umutima cyangwa niba umaze kuvurwa indwara zifitanye isano nka Turner syndrome cyangwa bicuspid aortic valve.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bishya bigaragara. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bishobora gukumira ibibazo bikomeye kandi bikongera ibyiza by'ubuzima mu gihe kirekire.

Ibyago bya Coarctation ya Aorta ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira coarctation ya Aorta. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bifasha imiryango n'abaganga kuba maso ku bimenyetso bishoboka.

Kuba umukobwa byongera ibyago byawe, cyane cyane niba ufite Turner syndrome. Hagati ya 10-30% by'abakobwa bafite Turner syndrome bagira coarctation, bituma isuzuma ry'umutima buri gihe ari ingenzi kuri uwo muryango.

Amateka y'umuryango agira uruhare runini mu gupima ibyago:

• Kugira umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe ufite coarctation
• Abagize umuryango bafite ibindi bibazo by'umutima bavukana
• Abagize umuryango bafite bicuspid aortic valve
• Uburwayi bw'umuzuko bugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umutima

Ibintu bimwe mu gihe cyo gutwita bishobora kugira ingaruka ku byago, nubwo bitarasobanuka neza. Imyaka myinshi y'umubyeyi, diyabete mu gihe cyo gutwita, no kwandura imiti imwe byarashyizwe mu bushakashatsi, ariko nta munzani igaragara yagaragaye.

Kugira ibindi bibazo by'umutima byongera ibyago byo kugira coarctation. Hagati ya 85% by'abantu bafite coarctation bagira nibura ikibazo kimwe cy'umutima, bicuspid aortic valve ikaba ari cyo kenshi.

Ibibazo bishoboka bya Coarctation ya Aorta ni ibihe?

Utabonye ubuvuzi bukwiye, coarctation ya Aorta ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima mu gihe kirekire. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibibazo byinshi bishobora gukumirwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru ni cyo kibazo gikomeye cyane mu gihe kirekire. Aorta yagabanutse ituma umutima wawe ukora cyane, ibyo bishobora kwangiza sisitemu yawe y'amaraso mu myaka myinshi.

Ibibazo bifitanye isano n'umutima bishobora kuba gahoro gahoro:

• Kugura kw'igice cy'ibumoso cy'umutima kubera gukora cyane
• Gucika intege kw'umutima niba imitsi igenda igenda ibura imbaraga
• Indwara y'imitsi y'umutima mu myaka mike
• Ibibazo by'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu mutima
• Ibibazo by'umuvure wa Aortic

Ibibazo by'imiyoboro y'amaraso bishobora kandi kubaho, cyane cyane niba umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru utabonye ubuvuzi. Ibyo birimo stroke, aneurysms mu miyoboro y'amaraso mu bwonko, no gukura k'imitsi mbere y'igihe mu mubiri wawe wose.

Mu bintu bike, coarctation idakize ishobora gutera ibibazo by'impyiko kubera kugabanuka kw'umuvuduko w'amaraso, cyangwa kwandura kw'imivure y'umutima bitwa endocarditis.

Gutwita bishobora gutera ibyago ku bagore bafite coarctation, kuko kwiyongera kw'amaraso n'ibikorwa by'umutima bishobora guhatira umutima umaze gukora cyane. Ariko, hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, abagore benshi batwita neza.

Coarctation ya Aorta imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya uburwayi bukunze gutangira igihe muganga abonye ibintu bidasanzwe mu isuzuma rya buri munsi. Ikimenyetso gikunze kugaragara ni heart murmur - ijwi ry'inyongera ryumvikana igihe umutima wawe utegerezwa hakoreshejwe stethoscope.

Muganga wawe azapima umuvuduko w'amaraso mu maboko yawe no mu birenge byawe. Muri coarctation, umuvuduko w'amaraso mu maboko yawe uba hejuru cyane kurusha mu birenge byawe, ibyo bigatuma habaho ikimenyetso cyihariye gitera urujijo.

Ibizamini byinshi byo kubona amashusho bishobora kwemeza uburwayi no kwerekana aho ubugabanyuke buri n'uburemere bwabwo:

• Echocardiogram - ikoresha amajwi yo gukora amashusho y'umutima wawe
• CT scan - itanga amashusho arambuye ya Aorta
• MRI - itanga amashusho meza adakoresha imirasire
• Cardiac catheterization - irimo gushyira umuyoboro muto mu miyoboro y'amaraso kugira ngo upime neza

Amashusho ya X-ray mu gituza ashobora kwerekana impinduka mu marabara yawe yitwa "rib notching," ibyo biba igihe imiyoboro y'amaraso hafi y'amabara yawe ikura kugira ngo itware amaraso arenze aho umuyoboro wagabanutse.

Ku bana bato bafite ibimenyetso bikomeye, kumenya uburwayi bukunze kuba vuba mu bitaro. Pulse oximetry, ipimira urugero rw'ogisijeni mu maraso yawe, ishobora gufasha kumenya ibibazo mbere y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Ubuvuzi bwa Coarctation ya Aorta ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi buterwa n'uburemere bwa coarctation yawe n'igihe yamenyekanye. Intego ihora ari ukugabanya ubugabanyuke no gusubiza umuvuduko w'amaraso usanzwe mu mubiri wawe wose.

Ku bana bato bafite coarctation ikomeye, ubuvuzi bwihuse bushobora kuba ngombwa kugira ngo babashe kubaho mbere y'ubuganga. Ibyo bikunze kuba imiti igumisha ductus arteriosus ifunguye, ibyo bishobora kunoza umuvuduko w'amaraso by'agateganyo.

Kubaga kugira ngo hakorwe ibyo bikenewe ni bwo buvuzi busanzwe kandi bugira akamaro:

• End-to-end anastomosis - gukuraho igice cyagabanutse no gusubiza Aorta
• Patch repair - gukoresha ibintu byo kwagura igice cyagabanutse
• Bypass surgery - gukora inzira nshya hafi aho igice cyagabanutse
• Extended end-to-end repair - ku bice birebire byagabanutse

Balloon angioplasty itanga uburyo buke butera ibibazo ku bantu bamwe. Muri ubwo buvuzi, muganga ashyira umuyoboro muto ufite umupira ku mpera mu miyoboro y'amaraso yerekeza aho hagabanutse, hanyuma akabyimba umupira kugira ngo akure Aorta.

Stent placement ishobora gusabwa hamwe na angioplasty. Stent ni umuyoboro muto w'icyuma ugumana aho kugira ngo afashe kugumisha Aorta ifunguye nyuma yo kuyagura.

Guhitamo hagati yo kubaga no kuvura hakoreshejwe catheter biterwa n'imyaka yawe, aho ubugabanyuke buri n'uburemere bwabwo, niba ufite ibindi bibazo by'umutima bikeneye kuvurwa.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe ufite Coarctation ya Aorta

Kwitaho coarctation iwawe bibanda ku gushyigikira ubuzima bwawe bw'umutima muri rusange no gukurikiza amabwiriza y'abaganga bawe. Uburyo bwawe buzaterwa n'uko wavuye, n'uko uburwayi bwawe bugenzurwa.

Gupima umuvuduko w'amaraso biba ingenzi mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupima umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe buri gihe iwawe, cyane cyane niba ufashe imiti yo kuyigenzura.

Gukoresha imiti bisaba kwitondera igihe n'umwanya wo kuyifata:

• Fata imiti y'umuvuduko w'amaraso nk'uko yagutegetswe
• Ntucikwe na dose nubwo wumva umeze neza
• Gufata urutonde rw'imiti yose mu gihe cyo kujya kwa muganga
• Baza umuganga wawe ibibazo ku bijyanye n'imiti
• Menyesha muganga wawe vuba niba hari ingaruka mbi

Impinduka mu myitozo ishobora kuba ngombwa, cyane cyane ku bana n'abangavu. Umuganga wawe azakugira inama ku mikino n'imyitozo ikwiye bitewe n'uko umeze.

Ibyo kurya n'imibereho bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe mu gihe kirekire. Fata ibyo kurya byiza ku mutima, byuzuyemo imbuto, imboga, n'ibinyampeke, mu gihe ugabanya umunyu n'ibiribwa bitegurwa.

Kora isuzuma ry'ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo, nka: umutwe uza ukagenda, kubabara mu gituza, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa kubyimba mu birenge cyangwa mu maguru.

Uko wakwitegura urugendo rwawe kwa muganga

Gutegura neza bigufasha gukoresha neza urugendo rwawe kandi bigatuma muganga wawe agira amakuru yose akenewe kugira ngo aguhe ubuvuzi bwiza. Tangira ukusanya dosiye yawe y'ubuvuzi n'imiti ufashe.

Andika ibimenyetso byose wabonye, igihe byabaye, n'icyo bisa n'icyabiteye cyangwa kikabikiza. Fata amakuru ku mutwe, kubabara mu gituza, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa umunaniro.

Tegura urutonde rw'ibibazo ugomba kubaza muganga wawe:

• Ni ubwoko ki n'uburemere bwa coarctation mfite?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura buhari?
• Ni ikihe cyago n'akamaro k'uburyo bwose?
• Nzagomba gukorerwa isuzuma buri kangahe?
• Hari imyitozo nakwirinda?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso byakwiye gutuma ngana kwa muganga vuba?

Zana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti niba bishoboka, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n'ibyemezo by'ubuvuzi. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru no kugushyigikira.

Kora isuzuma ry'ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo, nka: umutwe uza ukagenda, kubabara mu gituza, guhumeka nabi, cyangwa kubyimba mu birenge cyangwa mu maguru.

Icyingenzi kuri Coarctation ya Aorta

Coarctation ya Aorta ni uburwayi bw'umutima bushobora kuvurwa bugira ingaruka ku muyoboro mukuru w'amaraso mu mubiri. Nubwo bisaba kwitabwaho n'abaganga buri gihe, abantu benshi bafite ubu burwayi bashobora kubaho ubuzima burebure kandi bwiza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye n'isuzuma.

Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bigira uruhare runini mu byiza. Yaba yamenyekanye mu buto cyangwa mu bukure, ubuvuzi bugezweho bw'ubuganga n'uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe catheter bitanga ibyiza byiza mu kugabanya ubugabanyuke no gusubiza umuvuduko w'amaraso usanzwe.

Icyingenzi cyo kugira ibyiza mu gihe kirekire ni ugukurikiza isuzuma rya muganga wawe, kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso neza, no kuba maso ku bimenyetso bishya. Hahoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, ibibazo bishobora gukumirwa cyangwa bigabanuka.

Wibuke ko kugira coarctation ntibigena imipaka y'ubuzima bwawe. Abantu benshi bafite ubu burwayi bakina imikino, bagira akazi keza, batangiza imiryango, kandi bakurikirana inzozi zabo mu gihe bagenzura ubuzima bwabo bw'umutima neza.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa kuri Coarctation ya Aorta

Abantu bafite coarctation ya Aorta bashobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri n'imikino?

Abantu benshi bafite coarctation yavuwe neza bashobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri isanzwe n'imikino myinshi. Muganga wawe azapima uko umeze kandi aguhe amabwiriza ashingiye ku muvuduko w'amaraso yawe, imikorere y'umutima wawe, n'ibindi bibazo by'umutima ushobora kuba ufite. Muri rusange, imyitozo ngororamubiri nk'ugenda, koga, no kugenda ku igare birakenewe, mu gihe imikino ikomeye ishobora gusaba kwitondera cyane.

Ese coarctation ya Aorta iragwa?

Coarctation ishobora kuba mu muryango, ariko ntiragwa mu buryo bworoshye kandi busobanutse. Niba ufite coarctation, abana bawe bafite ibyago bike byo kugira ibibazo by'umutima ugereranyije n'abantu basanzwe, ariko abana benshi bavuka ku babyeyi bafite coarctation bagira imitima isanzwe. Inama y'umuzuko ishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibyago byihariye by'umuryango wawe no kuganira ku buryo bwo gukora isuzuma mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Nzagomba kubagwa inshuro zingana iki kubera coarctation?

Abantu benshi bakeneye kuvurwa rimwe gusa kugira ngo bakire coarctation burundu. Ariko, bamwe bashobora kugira ubugabanyuke bundi bushya, cyane cyane niba ubuvuzi bwa mbere bwakozwe mu buto. Isuzuma rya buri gihe rifasha kumenya ibibazo hakiri kare, kandi niba ubugabanyuke bushya bubayeho, bushobora kuvurwa neza hakoreshejwe balloon angioplasty aho gusaba kubagwa ukundi.

Abagore bafite coarctation bashobora gutwita neza?

Abagore benshi bafite coarctation igenzurwa neza bagira gutwita neza kandi bagira abana bazima. Ariko, gutwita byongera umuvuduko w'amaraso mu mutima wawe no mu mubiri wawe, bityo gukurikiranwa n'abaganga bawe n'abaganga b'abagore ni ingenzi. Inama mbere yo gutwita ifasha kwemeza ko umuvuduko w'amaraso wawe ugenzurwa neza kandi igaragaza ingamba zikenewe mu gihe cyo gutwita no kubyara.

Nzagomba gukorerwa isuzuma buri kangahe nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Isuzuma rya buri gihe ritandukana bitewe n'imyaka yawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'uko uburwayi bwawe bugenzurwa. Mu ntangiriro, ushobora kuba ukeneye isuzuma buri mezi 6-12, umwanya ushobora kugabanuka uko iminsi igenda niba byose bigenda neza. Muganga wawe azakugirira inama ku buryo bwo gukurikirana buri gihe burimo isuzuma rya buri gihe ryo kugenzura Aorta yawe n'isuzuma ry'umuvuduko w'amaraso wawe n'imikorere y'umutima wawe.