Ibyo Ukeneye Kumenya Ku Bibyimba Byo Mu Mura (Colon Polyps): Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Uko Bivurwa

Ibibyimba byo mu mura (colon polyps) ni utuntu duto dukura ku rukuta rw’umura munini (colon). Utekereza nk’utudomo duto cyangwa ibintu bisa n’ibihumyo bikura ku rukuta rw’umura. Ibyinshi muri ibyo bibyimba nta cyo bibangamira, ariko bimwe bishobora guhinduka kanseri igihe bitavuwe.

Ibyo bibyimba ni byinshi cyane, cyane cyane uko ugenda ukura. Abantu benshi bafite ibyo bibyimba batabizi kuko akenshi nta bimenyetso bigaragaza. Inkuru nziza ni uko kubisanga no kubikuraho hakiri kare bishobora gukumira kanseri y’umura.

Ibimenyetso by’ibibyimba byo mu mura ni ibihe?

Ibibyimba byinshi byo mu mura nta bimenyetso bigaragaza. Niyo mpamvu akenshi bitwa ibibyimba “bitagira amajwi”. Ushobora kugira ibibyimba byinshi ukaba umeze neza, niyo mpamvu gusuzuma umubiri buri gihe ari ingenzi.

Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, biba bito kandi byoroshye kubirengagiza. Dore ibimenyetso bishobora kwerekana ko hari ibibyimba:

• Kuva amaraso mu muyoboro w’inyuma cyangwa mu ntege
• Guhinduka kw’imyanya y’umubiri bikomeza iminsi irenga icyumweru
• Kubabara mu nda cyangwa gucika intege bikomeza
• Ubusembwa bw’amaraso kubera kuva gake, buhoro buhoro
• Ibinyabutabire bivuye mu muyoboro w’inyuma
• Kumva nk’aho umubiri utavuye neza

Ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kandi kwerekana izindi ndwara, niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kudatekereza ko ufite ibibyimba hashingiwe ku bimenyetso gusa. Uburyo bwonyine bwo kumenya neza ni ugusesengura umubiri neza.

Ubwoko bw’ibibyimba byo mu mura ni ubuhe?

Ibibyimba byo mu mura bifite ubwoko butandukanye, buri bwoko bufite ibyago byo guhinduka kanseri bitandukanye. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bitandukanye bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibyo muganga ashobora kukubwira.

Ubwoko busanzwe harimo ibibyimba bya adenomatous, bifite ibyago byinshi byo guhinduka kanseri. Ibyo bigize hafi 70% by’ibibyimba byose byo mu mura. Ibibyimba bya hyperplastic nta cyo bibangamira kandi bike cyane bihinduka kanseri, mu gihe ibibyimba bya serrated biri hagati.

Ubwoko buke harimo ibibyimba by’uburwayi, bikura bitewe n’uburwayi buhoraho, n’ibibyimba bya hamartomatous, bisanzwe ari byiza ariko bishobora kuba igice cy’indwara z’impyiko. Muganga azamenya ubwoko nyabwo binyuze mu isuzuma rya laboratwari nyuma yo kubikuraho.

Impamvu z’ibibyimba byo mu mura ni izihe?

Impamvu nyamukuru y’ibibyimba byo mu mura ntisobanuwe neza, ariko bikura iyo uturemangingo mu rukuta rw’umura rukura kandi rugakwirakwira kurusha uko bikwiye. Ibyo bituma habaho utuntu duto twita ibibyimba.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera ibibyimba:

• Imyaka - ibyago byawe byiyongera cyane nyuma y’imyaka 50
• Amateka y’umuryango w’ibibyimba cyangwa kanseri y’umura
• Indwara z’impyiko nk’indwara ya familial adenomatous polyposis
• Indwara z’umwijima nk’indwara ya Crohn cyangwa ulcerative colitis
• Imibereho irimo kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga nyinshi, no kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Ibiryo birimo inyama zitunganyirijwe cyane kandi bike mu mutobe
• Umurire n’indwara y’isukari

Mu bihe bitoroshye, indwara zimwe z’impyiko zishobora gutera ibibyimba amagana cyangwa ibihumbi. Izo ndwara, nka Lynch syndrome cyangwa Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, zisaba ubuvuzi bwihariye no gusuzuma umubiri kenshi.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera ibibyimba byo mu mura?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite igihinduka gikomeza mu myanya y’umubiri cyangwa ukabona amaraso mu ntege. Nubwo ibimenyetso bigaragara bito, ni byiza kubigenzura aho kugira impungenge.

Icy’ingenzi kurushaho, ukwiye gukurikiza amabwiriza yo gusuzuma umubiri nubwo wumva umeze neza. Ibigo byinshi by’ubuvuzi bisaba gutangira gusuzuma kanseri y’umura buri gihe ku myaka 45 ku bantu bafite ibyago bisanzwe, cyangwa mbere niba ufite ibyago.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa niba ufite ububabare bukomeye mu nda, kuva amaraso menshi mu muyoboro w’inyuma, cyangwa ibimenyetso by’uburwayi bw’amaraso nko kunanirwa cyane no kunanirwa.

Ibyago byo kugira ibibyimba byo mu mura ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ibibyimba byo mu mura. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha wowe na muganga wawe kumenya gahunda nziza yo gusuzuma umubiri ku mimerere yawe.

Imyaka ni ikintu gikomeye cyane cy’ibyago udashobora guhindura. Amahirwe yo kugira ibibyimba arashira hejuru uko ugenda ukura, abantu benshi bagira nibura kimwe mu myaka 60. Igitsina na cyo kigira uruhare, abagabo bafite umubare munini kurusha abagore.

Amateka y’umuryango agira ingaruka zikomeye ku byago byawe. Niba umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe yagize ibibyimba cyangwa kanseri y’umura, cyane cyane mbere y’imyaka 60, ibyago byawe byiyongera cyane. Zimwe mu ndwara z’impyiko zishobora gutera ibibyimba kuva mu bwana cyangwa mu buto.

Ibintu by’imibereho ushobora guhindura birimo kunywa itabi, bikubira ibyago by’ibibyimba kabiri, no kunywa inzoga nyinshi. Ibiryo birimo inyama zitukura n’inyama zitunganyirijwe cyane mu gihe bike mu mboga n’imbuto byongera ibyago. Umurire, indwara y’isukari, no kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe ni ibindi byago ushobora guhindura.

Ingaruka zishoboka z’ibibyimba byo mu mura ni izihe?

Ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibibyimba byo mu mura ni uko bishobora guhinduka kanseri igihe kirekire. Iyo mpinduka isanzwe imara imyaka 10-15, niyo mpamvu gusuzuma umubiri no kubikuraho buri gihe ari byiza cyane mu gukumira kanseri y’umura.

Si ibibyimba byose bihinduka kanseri, ariko ubwoko bumwe bufite ibyago byinshi. Ibibyimba bya adenomatous birebire kurusha santimetero imwe bifite ibyago byinshi byo guhinduka kanseri. Ibibyimba byinshi ufite n’uko birebire, ibyago byawe byiyongera.

Ibibyimba binini bishobora rimwe na rimwe gutera ingaruka mbere yo guhinduka kanseri. Bishobora kuva amaraso ahagije kugira ngo bitere ubusembwa bw’amaraso, cyangwa mu bihe bitoroshye, bigatera ikibazo mu mara. Ibibyimba binini cyane bishobora rimwe na rimwe gutera umura gukubita, bigatera indwara yitwa intussusception.

Indwara zimwe z’impyiko zishobora gutera ibibyimba amagana, bigatuma kanseri iba hafi idashoboka kudakora igikorwa cyo kubaga. Izo ndwara zisaba ubuvuzi bwihariye kandi akenshi zikubiyemo gukuraho igice cyangwa umura wose nk’uburyo bwo gukumira.

Uko wakwirinda ibibyimba byo mu mura

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda ibibyimba byose byo mu mura, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byabyo cyane binyuze mu mibereho myiza. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibyinshi muri ibyo bihinduka bigirira akamaro ubuzima bwawe bwose.

Ibiryo bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kwirinda. Fata imbuto, imboga, n’ibinyampeke byuzuye mu gihe ugabanya inyama zitukura n’ibiribwa bitunganyirijwe. Ibiryo birimo amafibe bifasha gutuma umubiri wawe ubuzima kandi bishobora kugabanya ibibyimba.

Imibereho ngororamubiri isanzwe ishobora kugabanya ibyago by’ibibyimba kugeza kuri 25%. Gerageza nibura iminota 150 y’imyitozo ngororamubiri buri cyumweru. Kugumana ibiro byiza, kwirinda kunywa itabi, no kugabanya kunywa inzoga na byo bifasha kugabanya ibyago byawe.

Ubushakashatsi bumwe bugaragaza ko aspirine n’ibinyabutabire bya calcium bishobora gufasha kwirinda ibibyimba, ariko ukwiye kubiganiraho na muganga wawe. Ibyiza bigomba kupimirwa ku ngaruka zishoboka ku mimerere yawe.

Uko ibibyimba byo mu mura bisuzumwa

Ibibyimba byo mu mura bisanzwe biboneka mu bipimo bisanzwe byo gusuzuma umubiri, bitari kubera ibimenyetso. Uburyo busanzwe kandi burambuye ni colonoscopy, aho imiyoboro yoroshye ifite kamera isuzumira umura wawe wose.

Muri colonoscopy, muganga ashobora kubona ibibyimba byose akabikuraho ako kanya akoresheje ibikoresho byihariye. Ubwo buryo bwo “kubona no kuvura” ni bumwe mu buryo bukomeye bw’uburyo bwo gusuzuma umubiri. Ibibyimba bikuweho byoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo bisuzumwe.

Ubundi buryo bwo gusuzuma umubiri harimo CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy), ikoresha ama rayons X kugira ngo ikore amashusho arambuye y’umura, n’ibipimo by’intege bisuzumira amaraso cyangwa ADN idasanzwe. Ariko, ibyo bintu ntibishobora gukuraho ibibyimba niba bibonetse, bityo ukeneye colonoscopy y’inyongera.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy isuzumira igice cyo hasi cy’umura gusa ariko isigara ibibyimba biri hejuru. Muganga wawe azagufasha guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gusuzuma umubiri hashingiwe ku myaka yawe, ibyago, n’ibyo ukunda.

Uko ibibyimba byo mu mura bivurwa

Ubuvuzi nyamukuru bw’ibibyimba byo mu mura ni ukubikuraho, bisanzwe bikorwa mu buryo bumwe n’ubwo bibonekamo. Ibibyimba byinshi bishobora gukurwaho neza kandi byuzuye muri colonoscopy hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byihariye.

Ibibyimba bito bisanzwe bikurwaho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwitwa polypectomy, aho ibibyimba bikatwa hakoreshejwe umugozi cyangwa umutwe. Ibibyimba binini bishobora gusaba uburyo bugoye bwo gukuraho, rimwe na rimwe bikorwa mu bice kugira ngo habeho gukuraho byuzuye.

Nyuma yo gukuraho, umubiri w’ibibyimba usuzumwa munsi ya microscope kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwoko bwacyo niba ufite uturemangingo twa kanseri. Ibyo bintu bifasha muganga wawe kugira inama y’ubuvuzi bw’inyongera n’igihe cyo gusuzuma umubiri.

Mu bihe bitoroshye aho ibibyimba binini cyangwa byinshi bishobora gukurwaho neza muri colonoscopy, kubaga bishobora kuba ngombwa. Ibyo ni byinshi mu ndwara z’impyiko zitera ibibyimba amagana mu mura.

Uko wakwitwara nyuma yo gukuraho ibibyimba

Kwitwara nyuma yo gukuraho ibibyimba bisanzwe biroroshye, abantu benshi bagaruka mu mirimo isanzwe mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. Ushobora kugira ububabare buke mu nda cyangwa kubyimbagira ako kanya nyuma y’igikorwa, ariko ibyo bishira vuba.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugira inama yo kwirinda ibikorwa bimwe mu minsi mike, nko gutwara ibiremereye cyangwa imyitozo ikomeye. Ibyo bifasha kwirinda kuva amaraso aho byakuweho. Ukwiye kandi kwirinda aspirine n’imiti yindi igabanya amaraso keretse muganga wawe abikugeneye.

Kwitondera ibimenyetso by’uburwayi nkububabare bukomeye mu nda, kuva amaraso menshi, umuriro, cyangwa isesemi idashira no kuruka. Nubwo ingaruka mbi ari nke, ni ngombwa kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso by’uburwayi nyuma y’igikorwa.

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira ku mirire isanzwe mu masaha 24, nubwo muganga wawe ashobora kugira inama yo gutangira ibiryo byoroheje. Komereza kunywa amazi menshi kandi usubire gahoro gahoro ku mirire yawe isanzwe uko wumva wishimye.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, kora amakuru yerekeye amateka y’umuryango wawe ya kanseri y’umura, ibibyimba, cyangwa izindi ndwara z’igogorwa. Ibyo bintu bifasha muganga wawe gusuzuma ibyago byawe no kugira inama y’uburyo bwo gusuzuma umubiri.

Andika urutonde rw’ibimenyetso byose wabonye, nubwo bigaragara bidakora ku gice cy’igogorwa. Shyiramo amakuru yerekeye igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye, uko kenshi biba, n’icyo kibikiza cyangwa kibibabaza.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n’ibinyabutabire. Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku maraso mu gihe cy’ibikorwa, bityo muganga wawe akeneye kumenya byose ukoresha.

Tegura ibibazo ku buryo bwo gusuzuma umubiri, icyo witeze mu gihe cy’ibikorwa, n’ubuvuzi bw’inyongera. Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kubabaza icyo ari cyo cyose gikubangamiye. Muganga wawe arashaka kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza ku buzima bwawe.

Icyo ugomba kumenya ku bibyimba byo mu mura

Ibibyimba byo mu mura ni byinshi, akenshi nta cyo bibangamira kandi bishobora gukurwaho neza mbere y’uko bitera ibibazo. Ikintu gikomeye cyo kwibuka ni uko gusuzuma umubiri buri gihe bishobora gukumira kanseri y’umura binyuze mu kubona no gukuraho ibibyimba hakiri kare.

Ibibyimba byinshi nta bimenyetso bigaragaza, niyo mpamvu gukurikiza amabwiriza yo gusuzuma umubiri ari ingenzi cyane. Gutangira ku myaka 45 ku bantu bafite ibyago bisanzwe, gusuzuma umubiri buri gihe bishobora kubona ibibyimba iyo bikiri bito kandi byoroshye gukuraho.

Nubwo udashobora guhindura ibyago byose nko gukura no kuba mu muryango ufite ibyago, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe binyuze mu mibereho myiza. Kurya neza, kugira imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kwirinda kunywa itabi byose bifasha kurinda ubuzima bw’umura wawe.

Wibuke ko kubona ibibyimba atari impamvu yo kugira ubwoba. Hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye n’ubuvuzi bw’inyongera, ibibyimba bishobora kuvurwa neza, kandi kanseri y’umura ishobora gukumirwa mu bihe byinshi.

Ibibazo byakenshi bibazwa ku bibyimba byo mu mura

Q1: Ese ibibyimba byo mu mura bihinduka kanseri buri gihe?

Oya, ibibyimba byinshi byo mu mura ntibihinduka kanseri. Ariko, ubwoko bumwe bwitwa adenomatous polyps bufite ubushobozi bwo guhinduka kanseri mu myaka 10-15 niba bitavuwe. Niyo mpamvu abaganga bagira inama yo gukuraho ibibyimba iyo bibonetse mu gihe cyo gusuzuma umubiri. Impinduka kuva ku kibyimba kugeza kuri kanseri ni inzira iruta igihe, ikuha umwanya uhagije wo kuyikumira binyuze mu gusuzuma umubiri no gukuraho ibibyimba.

Q2: Ni kangahe nkwiye gusuzuma umubiri nyuma yo gukuraho ibibyimba?

Igihe cyo gusuzuma umubiri gikurikira gituruka ku mubare, uburebure, n’ubwoko bw’ibibyimba bikuweho. Niba ufite ibibyimba bito, bidafite ibyago byinshi, ushobora gusuzuma umubiri buri myaka 5-10. Ariko, niba ufite ibibyimba binini cyangwa ibibyimba byinshi bya adenomatous, muganga wawe ashobora kugira inama yo gusuzuma umubiri kenshi buri myaka 3-5. Muganga wawe azakugira inama yihariye hashingiwe ku mimerere yawe n’ibisubizo by’isuzuma.

Q3: Ese nshobora kumva ibibyimba byo mu mura bikura imbere yanjye?

Abantu benshi ntibashobora kumva ibibyimba byo mu mura, niyo mpamvu akenshi biboneka mu gihe cyo gusuzuma umubiri aho kuba kubera ibimenyetso. Ibibyimba bisanzwe bikura buhoro kandi ntibitera ububabare cyangwa gucika intege. Rimwe na rimwe, ibibyimba binini bishobora gutera gucika intege cyangwa guhinduka kw’imyanya y’umubiri, ariko ibyinshi muri byo biguma bitagira amajwi kugeza bibonetse muri colonoscopy.

Q4: Ese hari ibiryo bishobora gufasha kwirinda ibibyimba byo mu mura?

Nubwo nta cyo kurya kimwe gishobora guhamya kwirinda, ibiryo birimo imbuto, imboga, n’ibinyampeke byuzuye bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago byawe. Ibiryo birimo amafibe menshi, nka haricot, berries, n’imboga z’icyatsi, bifasha ubuzima bw’umura. Kugabanya inyama zitukura, inyama zitunganyirijwe, n’ibiribwa bitunganyirijwe cyane na byo bishobora kugira akamaro. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bugaragaza ko ibiryo birimo folate, calcium, na antioxidants bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza, ariko hakenekwa ubushakashatsi bwinshi.

Q5: Ni iki kibaho niba ibibyimba bibonekamo uturemangingo twa kanseri?

Niba uturemangingo twa kanseri tubonetse mu kibyimba gikuweho, muganga wawe azamenya intambwe zikurikira hashingiwe ku bintu byinshi birimo ubwoko bwa kanseri, uko cyinjiye mu mubiri, niba imbibi y’ikibyimba gikuweho ari nzima. Mu bihe byinshi, gukuraho ibibyimba byuzuye bihagije kuvura niba kanseri iri mu kibyimba. Ariko, ushobora kuba ukeneye ubuvuzi bundi cyangwa gukurikiranwa kenshi. Muganga wawe azagutegurira uburyo bwo kuvura buhuye n’imimerere yawe.