Impyiko Isanzwe: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Umuti

Impyiko isanzwe ni indwara iterwa na virusi ikubita mu mazuru no mu muhogo. Ni imwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara cyane mu bantu, aho abantu bakuru barwara impyiko 2-3 buri mwaka. Nubwo yumvikana nabi iyo uyirwaye, impyiko isanzwe nta cyo itwara kandi umubiri wawe ubusanzwe urayirwanya mu minsi 7-10.

Impyiko Isanzwe Ni Iki?

Impyiko isanzwe ni indwara yoroheje iterwa na virusi mu myanya y'ubuhumekero yo hejuru. Imazuru, umuhogo, n’amasinusi byuzuzwa umuriro mu gihe ubudahangarwa bwawe bukorera kugira ngo burwanye virusi yateye.

Virusi zisaga 200 zitandukanye zishobora guteza impyiko, ariko rhinoviruses zigira uruhare mu kubaho kw’impiko zigera kuri 30-40%. Izi virusi nto zifata ku ruhande rw'amazuru na mu muhogo, zikaba intandaro y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Impyiko ibaho cyane mu gihe cy'imbeho. Ariko, ubushyuhe buke ntibutera iyo ndwara. Urashobora kurwara impyiko cyane mu mpeshyi no mu gihe cy'itumba kuko abantu bamara igihe kinini bari hamwe mu nzu, bituma virusi zikwirakwira byoroshye.

Ni Ibihe Bimenyetso by’Impyiko Isanzwe?

Ibimenyetso by'Impyiko isanzwe ubusanzwe bigaragara buhoro buhoro mu minsi 1-3 nyuma yo kwandura virusi. Umubiri wawe uba urimo kurwanya ubwandu, ibyo bikaba ari byo bituma wumva nabi.

Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Amazuru arimo amazi cyangwa afunze afite umusemburo usa n’amazi, umweru, cyangwa umuhondo gato
• Kunyara cyane, cyane mu gitondo
• Umuhogo ukurura cyangwa ububabaye, ukaba ubona ububabaye cyane iyo unyoye
• Inkorora yoroheje ishobora kuba mbi nijoro
• Umuriro muke (ubusanzwe munsi ya 101°F) cyangwa kumva ufite ubushyuhe buke
• Kubabara umubiri wose no kunanirwa
• Kubabara umutwe, akenshi ku gahanga no ku matama
• Amaso arimo amazi ashobora kubabara

Ibimenyetso byawe bigera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu minsi 2-3, hanyuma bigakira buhoro buhoro mu cyumweru gikurikiyeho. Inkorora ishobora kumara ibyumweru bibiri uko umuhogo wakize.

Ni iki Gitera Impyiko Isanzwe?

Virusi ni zo ziterwa impyiko isanzwe. Izi virusi nto zinjirira mu mubiri wawe binyuze mu mazuru, mu kanwa, cyangwa mu maso, hanyuma zikwirakwira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero yo hejuru.

Dore virusi zikunze guteza impyiko:

• Rhinoviruses (ziterwa impyiko zigera kuri 30-40%) - zikunda ubushyuhe buke mu mazuru
• Coronaviruses (10-15% by’impyiko) - zitandukanye na COVID-19, ni virusi zoroheje
• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - ikunze kugaragara mu bana ariko inarwara n’abakuze
• Parainfluenza viruses - zishobora guteza ibimenyetso bisa n’iby’impyiko umwaka wose
• Adenoviruses - zimwe na zimwe ziterwa impyiko iramara igihe kirekire
• Human metapneumovirus - ntabwo ikunze kugaragara ariko ishobora guteza ibimenyetso by’impyiko

Virusi ikwirakwira iyo amazi ava mu kanwa, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu gihe umuntu avuga agera ku bindi bintu cyangwa ku wundi muntu. Urashobora kuyandura unakora ku bintu byanduye hanyuma ukakora ku maso.

Ni Ryari Ukwiye Kubona Muganga kubera Impyiko Isanzwe?

Impyiko nyinshi zirangira zikize ubwazo nta muti ukeneye. Ariko, hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ukwiye kuvugana n’abaganga vuba.

Ukwiye kubona muganga niba ufite:

• Umuriro urenze 101.5°F (38.6°C) ukamara iminsi irenga 3
• Kubabara umutwe cyane cyangwa kubabara amasiniusi bitakira n’imiti yo kwivuza
• Inkorora idashira ifite umusemburo mwinshi, w’icyatsi cyangwa umuhondo, ikamara iminsi irenga 10
• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka bikomeye
• Kubabara amatwi cyangwa amazi ava mu matwi
• Ibimenyetso bikomeza kuba bibi nyuma yo kugabanuka
• Ibimenyetso by’impyiko bikamara iminsi irenga 10 bitakira

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ubwandu bwa bagiteri cyangwa izindi ndwara zikeneye ubuvuzi. Muganga ashobora kumenya niba ukeneye imiti cyangwa niba ubudahangarwa bwawe bukeneye igihe cyinshi.

Ni Ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara Impyiko Isanzwe?

Umuntu wese arashobora kurwara impyiko, ariko hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikongera ibyago byo kuyirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe bigufasha gufata ingamba mu gihe cy’imbeho.

Ibintu bikunze kongera ibyago ni ibi bikurikira:

• Imyaka - Abana bari munsi y’imyaka 6 barwara impyiko 6-8 buri mwaka kubera ubudahangarwa bwabo bukiri buto
• Ubudahangarwa buke buterwa n’indwara, umunaniro, cyangwa imiti
• Igihe cy’umwaka - Mu mpeshyi no mu gihe cy’itumba niho impyiko ikwirakwira cyane
• Aho abantu baba bari hafi cyane nko mu mashuri, mu biro, cyangwa mu bigo byita ku bana
• Kudakora isuku y’intoki cyangwa gukora ku maso kenshi
• Kudasinzira bihagije (munsi y’amasaha 7 buri joro)
• Kugira umunaniro mwinshi ugabanya ubudahangarwa
• Kunywa itabi cyangwa kuba hafi y’abanywa itabi

Kugira ibi bintu ntibibuza ko uzwara. Bisobanura gusa ko umubiri wawe ushobora kugira ikibazo cyo kurwanya virusi iyo uyanduye.

Ni Izihe ngaruka zishoboka z’Impyiko Isanzwe?

Nubwo impyiko nyinshi zirangira zikize ubusembwa, rimwe na rimwe ubwandu bwa virusi bushobora guteza izindi ngaruka. Ibi bibaho iyo bagiteri zibonye uburyo bwo kwandura kubera ubudahangarwa bwawe butakomeye.

Ingaruka zikunze kugaragara ni ibi bikurikira:

• Sinusitis ikomeye - ubwandu bwa bagiteri mu myanya y’amasinusi butera kubabara mu maso no kugira umusemburo mwinshi
• Ubwandu bw’amatwi (otitis media) - cyane cyane mu bana, butera kubabara amatwi no kugira ikibazo cyo kumva
• Bronchitis - ubwandu bugera mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, butera inkorora idashira ifite umusemburo
• Pneumonia - indwara y’ibihaha idakunze kugaragara ariko ikaba ikomeye isaba ubuvuzi
• Kuzamuka kw’asthme - virusi itera impyiko ishobora gutera ikibazo cyo guhumeka ku bantu barwaye asthme

Izi ngaruka zikunze kugaragara ku bantu bafite izindi ndwara, ubudahangarwa buke, cyangwa ibimenyetso by’impyiko bikamara iminsi irenga 7-10. Abantu benshi barakira batagize ibibazo.

Impyiko Isanzwe Ishobora Gukumirwa Gute?

Urashobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara impyiko ukurikije uburyo bworoshye kandi bukoreshwa mu kuyikumira. Ibi bintu bikora bigabanya uburyo uhura na virusi kandi bikongerera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Uburyo bwo kuyikumira ni ibi bikurikira:

• Koga intoki kenshi n’amazi n’isabune mu gihe cy’amasegonda 20
• Koresha isabune y’inzoga iyo udafite amazi n’isabune
• Kwirinda gukora mu maso, mu mazuru, no mu kanwa ntukarabye intoki
• Kwirinda abantu barwaye
• Gusukura ibintu bikunze gukoreshwa nko ku myitozo n’amacomputer
• Kuryama bihagije (amasaha 7-9 buri joro) kugira ngo ubudahangarwa bukomeze
• Kugabanya umunaniro binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka cyangwa imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo imbuto n’imboga
• Kudakoresha ibintu by’umuntu umwe nko mu gikombe, ibikoresho, cyangwa amapataro

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda burundu, ibi bintu bigabanya ibyago byo kurwara. Ni ingenzi cyane mu gihe cy’imbeho kuva muri Nzeri kugeza muri Werurwe.

Impyiko Isanzwe Imenyekana Gute?

Abaganga ubusanzwe bamenya impyiko isanzwe binyuze mu bimenyetso byawe no gusuzuma umubiri wawe. Ubusanzwe ntabwo hakenewe ibizamini byihariye kuko ibimenyetso by’impyiko biramenyekana.

Mu gihe uzaba uganira na muganga, ashobora:

• Kubaza ibyerekeye ibimenyetso byawe, igihe byatangiye, n’uko byahindutse
• Kureba mu muhogo wawe niba hari ubuhumyi cyangwa kubyimba
• Kureba mu mazuru yawe n’amasinusi niba hari ikibazo
• Kumva ibihaha n’umutima wawe hakoreshejwe stethoscope
• Kureba mu ijosi niba hari imiyoboro y’amaraso yabyimbye
• Kureba amatwi yawe niba hari ikibazo

Ibizamini by’amaraso cyangwa ibipimo by’umuhogo ntabwo bikenewe ku mpiko isanzwe. Ariko, muganga ashobora gukora ibindi bipimo niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye, bikamara igihe kirekire, cyangwa niba akeka ko hari ubwandu bwa bagiteri bukeneye imiti.

Umuti w’Impyiko Isanzwe Ni Uwuhe?

Nta muti w’impyiko isanzwe, ariko hari imiti ishobora kugufasha kumva neza mu gihe ubudahangarwa bwawe bukorera. Intego ni ugucunga ibimenyetso no gufasha umubiri wawe gukira.

Imiti ikora ni iyi ikurikira:

• Kuryama - Fasha umubiri wawe kurwanya ubwandu ukorera ibitotsi byinshi
• Amazi - Nywa amazi, icyayi cy’ibimera, cyangwa umusupu ushushe kugira ngo ugumane amazi kandi umusemburo ugabanuke
• Imiti igabanya ububabare - Acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen bishobora kugabanya ububabare n’umuriro
• Amazi ya saline yo mu mazuru - Afasha gukuraho amazuru afunze nta ngaruka mbi
• Ibisukikira umuhogo - Bisukura umuhogo ukurura kandi bishobora kugabanya inkorora
• Humidifier - Ongera amazi mu kirere cyumye, bituma guhumeka biroroshye
• Gusukura umuhogo n’amazi ashyushye n’umunyu - Bigabanya kubyimba mu muhogo kandi bikica zimwe mu mikororomiko

Antibiotics ntizifasha kurwanya virusi, bityo ntizifasha impyiko. Imiti yo kwivuza yo mu maduka ishobora kugufasha by’agateganyo, ariko uyikoreshe gato kandi ukore uko biri ku kinyangabira.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe ufite Impyiko Isanzwe

Uburyo bwo kwivuza iwawe bushobora kugufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso by’impyiko kandi bikagufasha gukira neza. Ibi bintu bikorana n’ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wawe nta ngaruka mbi.

Dore uburyo bwo kwivuza iwawe bukoreshwa cyane:

• Koresha amazi ashyushye uhindure ikirere cy’amazi mu cyumba
• Nywa ibinyobwa bishyushye nko icyayi cy’ibimera, isupu y’inkoko, cyangwa amazi ashyushye afite ubuki na sitron
• Koresha humidifier mu cyumba cyawe ijoro
• Shira igitambaro gishyushye ku gahanga no ku mazuru kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare bw’amasinusi
• Shyira umutwe hejuru hakoreshejwe ibitanda kugira ngo guhumeka birusheho koroha nijoro
• Gusukura umuhogo n’amazi ashyushye n’umunyu (1/2 ikiyiko cy’umunyu mu mazi ashyushye angana na mililitiro 240)
• Fata imiti ya zinc mu masaha 24 nyuma y’ibimenyetso (bishobora kugabanya igihe gito)

Wibuke kuruhuka bihagije kandi wumva umubiri wawe. Kugerageza gukora cyane bishobora gutuma ukura buhoro kandi ibimenyetso bikaba bibi.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Niba ufashe icyemezo cyo kujya kwa muganga kubera impyiko, kwitegura gato bishobora kugufasha kubona ubufasha bwiza. Ibi bizatuma muganga agira amakuru ahagije kugira ngo aguhe ubufasha bwiza.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, tegura ibi bikurikira:

• Andika igihe ibimenyetso byawe byatangiye n’uko byahindutse
• Andika imiti n’ibindi byose ukoresha
• Andika uburyo bwo kwivuza iwawe wagerageje niba byagufashije
• Andika ubushyuhe bwawe niba ufite umuriro
• Tekereza ku ngendo uheruka gukora cyangwa abantu barwaye wahuye na bo
• Tegura ibibazo ku bijyanye no gucunga ibimenyetso cyangwa igihe ukwiye guhangayika
• Zana urutonde rw’izindi ndwara ufite cyangwa allergie

Ntuzuyaze kubaza ibibazo mu gihe uri kwa muganga. Muganga arashaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa uko uhagaze no kumva neza gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane ku Imyiko Isanzwe

Impyiko isanzwe ni indwara ikunze kugaragara iterwa na virusi, idakomeye ariko ikaba ituma wumva nabi by’agateganyo. Nubwo nta muti wayo, ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe burashoboye kurwanya izi virusi mu minsi 7-10.

Icy’ingenzi ni ukuruhuka bihagije, kugumana amazi, no kwihangana mu gihe umubiri wawe ukora.

Kwirinda binyuze mu isuku y’intoki n’imibereho myiza ni byo birinda kurwara impyiko. Iyo ubayeho, shyira imbaraga mu gucunga ibimenyetso kandi umenye ko uzakira.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku Imyiko Isanzwe

Urashobora kurwara impyiko kubera imbeho cyangwa kuzamo amazi?

Oya, imbeho cyangwa kuzamo amazi ntibitera impyiko. Ukeneye virusi kugira ngo urware. Ariko, imbeho ishobora gutuma urwara byoroshye kuko umara igihe kinini mu nzu hamwe n’abandi bantu, kandi umwuka wumye mu gihe cy’itumba ushobora kubabaza amazuru.

Uramara igihe kingana gute wanduza abandi iyo ufite impyiko?

Uranduza cyane mu minsi 2-3 ibimenyetso bigaragara kandi bikaba bikomeye. Urashobora kwanduza abandi umunsi umwe mbere y’ibimenyetso kugeza ku minsi 5-7 nyuma yo kurwara. Iyo umaze umunsi umwe udafite umuriro, ntabwo ukiranduza abandi.

Ukwiye gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mu gihe ufite impyiko?

Imyitozo yoroheje nko kugenda ubusanzwe ni byiza niba ibimenyetso byawe biri hejuru y’ijosi (amazuru arimo amazi, kunyara, ububabare buke mu muhogo). Ariko, wirinde imyitozo ikomeye kandi uyireke niba ufite umuriro, ububabare bw’umubiri, cyangwa wumva ubona nabi. Kuruhuka bifasha ubudahangarwa bwawe gukora neza.

Ese imiti ya vitamine C ikingira cyangwa ikiza impyiko?

Kunywa vitamine C buri gihe bishobora kugabanya igihe cy’impyiko n’uburemere mu bantu bamwe, ariko ntibyabuza impyiko mu bantu benshi. Kuyinywa nyuma y’ibimenyetso ntibyongera kwihuta kw’gukira. Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo vitamine C bihagije ku bantu benshi.

Ni ryari impyiko iba ikibazo gikomeye?

Reba ibimenyetso nk’umuriro urenze 101.5°F, kubabara umutwe cyane, kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, inkorora idashira ifite umusemburo mwinshi, cyangwa ibimenyetso bikomeza kuba bibi nyuma yo kugabanuka. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ubwandu bwa bagiteri cyangwa ikindi kibazo gikomeye gikenewe ubuvuzi.