Impyiko Isanzwe mu Bana bato? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Impyiko isanzwe mu bana bato ni indwara iterwa na virusi ikaba igira ingaruka ku mazuru, umunwa, n’inzira z’ubuhumekero zo hejuru. Ni imwe mu ndwara zibasira cyane abana bato, cyane cyane mu mwaka wabo wa mbere w’ubuzima. Nubwo kubona umwana wawe arwaye bishobora gutera impungenge, impyiko nyinshi z’abana bato ziba ari nta kibazo kanini kandi zikira ubwazo ukoresheje kuruhuka neza no kwitabwaho.

Abana bato bakunda kurwara impyiko zigera kuri 6 kugeza kuri 8 mu mwaka wabo wa mbere kuko ubudahangarwa bwabo bugikura. Izi ndwara ziterwa na virusi zikwirakwira vuba mu kirere no ku biti, bituma bigoye cyane kuzirinda burundu.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’impyiko isanzwe mu bana bato?

Ibimenyetso by’impyiko isanzwe mu bana bato bishobora gutandukana, ariko ubusanzwe uzabona impinduka mu mihumekire yabo, kurya, no kumererwa muri rusange. Ibi bimenyetso bikunze kuza buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy’umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri.

Reka turebe ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara mu mwana wawe:

• Amazuru afunze cyangwa avuza: Uzabona umusemburo usa neza cyangwa ukomeye gato, ushobora kuba umuhondo cyangwa umukara uko impyiko igenda ikura.
• Kunyara: Kunyara kenshi uko umubiri wawe ugerageza gukura ibintu bibangamira mu myanya y’amazuru.
• Inkorora ntoya: Inkorora yumye cyangwa itose gato ishobora kumvikana itandukanye n’amajwi asanzwe.
• Gucika intege cyangwa kurakara: Umuntu wawe ashobora kugaragara nk’uwirakara kurusha uko bisanzwe kubera kubabara.
• Gukomerwa no kurya: Kugira ikibazo cyo kunywa amashereka cyangwa ibinyobwa kubera amazuru afunze.
• Impinduka mu buryo bwo kuryama: Kurara kenshi kubera ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa kubabara muri rusange.
• Ubushyuhe buke: Ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 99°F kugeza kuri 100.3°F (37.2°C kugeza kuri 37.9°C)

Ibi bimenyetso bikunze kumara iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 10, amazuru afunze cyane akaba ari hagati y’iminsi 3 na 5. Ibyifuzo by’umwana wawe bishobora kugabanuka by’agateganyo, ibyo bikaba bisanzwe mu gihe akomeza kunywa amazi.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, abana bato bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye nko gukomeza kugira ubushyuhe burenze 100.4°F (38°C), kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo gucika amazi. Ibi bihe bisaba ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba.

Ni iki giterwa impyiko isanzwe mu bana bato?

Impyiko zisanzwe mu bana bato ziterwa na virusi, harimo ubwoko burenga 200 bushobora gutera izi ndwara. Virusi ya rhinovirus ni yo itera impyiko zigera kuri 30-40% z’abana bato, izindi virusi nka coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), na parainfluenza virus zigatanga izisigaye.

Abana bato barwara izi virusi binyuze mu nzira nyinshi zisanzwe. Iyo umuntu arwaye impyiko akose cyangwa aganyara, utudodo duto turimo virusi tugenda mu kirere kandi dushobora kwinjira mu mwana wawe. Virusi ishobora kandi gukwirakwira iyo umwana wawe akoze ku biti byanduye hanyuma agakora mu kanwa, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu maso.

Abana bato cyane cyane barahangayikishijwe kuko ubudahangarwa bwabo bugikura kugira ngo bumenye kandi burwanye izi virusi. Byongeye kandi, abana bato basobanukirwa isi binyuze mu gushyira buri kintu cyose mu kanwa, ibyo bikongera uko bahura n’imikoro.

Ibigo byita ku bana, amateraniro y’imiryango, n’ahantu hahurira abantu benshi niho abana bato bakunda gufata virusi z’impyiko. Ndetse n’abantu b’inshuti bagira uruhare mu gufasha abana bakirwaye impyiko ntoya bashobora kuba batabizi bakaba batwara virusi ku mwana wawe.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujyana umwana wawe kwa muganga kubera impyiko isanzwe?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe wita ku bana niba umwana wawe afite munsi y’amezi 3 kandi agaragaza ibimenyetso by’impyiko, nubwo ari bito. Abana bato cyane bafite ubudahangarwa bucyeye kandi bashobora kugira ingaruka vuba kurusha abana bakuru.

Ku bana bafite amezi arenga 3, hano hari ibintu byihariye bisaba ubufasha bw’abaganga:

• Impungenge z’ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwa 100.4°F (38°C) cyangwa hejuru, cyangwa ubushyuhe bumaze iminsi irenga 3.
• Ikibazo cyo guhumeka: Guhumeka vuba, guhumeka bikomeye, cyangwa gukora cyane kugira ngo ugume uhembuke.
• Ibibazo byo kurya: Kureka kurya cyangwa kunywa iminsi myinshi yikurikiranya.
• Ibimenyetso byo gucika amazi: Imyenda mike y’amazi, akanwa kamye, cyangwa nta misusiri iyo arira.
• Ibimenyetso biramba: Ibimenyetso by’impyiko bimara iminsi irenga 10-14 nta giterambere.
• Amazuru afunze cyane: Kutaryama cyangwa kurya kubera amazuru afunze.
• Kubabara amatwi: Kurira cyane, cyane cyane iyo aryamye, cyangwa gukurura amatwi.

Gira icyizere icyo umutima wawe w’umubyeyi ukubwira. Niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe mu myitwarire y’umwana wawe cyangwa ukibajije ibimenyetso bye, bihora ari byiza kuvugana n’umuganga wawe.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, icyagaragara nk’impyiko isanzwe gishobora kuba ari intangiriro y’ikibazo gikomeye nka pneumonia cyangwa bronchiolitis, cyane cyane mu bana bato cyane.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago by’impyiko isanzwe mu bana bato?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe y’umwana wawe yo kurwara impyiko kenshi. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye mu gihe ukomeza kugira ibyiringiro by’ukuri.

Ibintu byongera ibyago byinshi birimo:

• Imyaka: Abana bafite munsi y’amezi 6 bafite ibyago byinshi kubera ubudahangarwa bwabo bugikura.
• Kujya mu bigo byita ku bana: Ahantu hahurira abana benshi hagaragaza abana benshi ku ndwara ziterwa na virusi z’abandi bana.
• Igihe cy’umwaka: Igihe cy’igwa n’ubukonje bibona umubare munini wa virusi z’impyiko zikwirakwira.
• Abagize umuryango barwaye impyiko: Abavandimwe bakuru cyangwa ababyeyi bazana virusi mu rugo bavuye ku ishuri cyangwa ku kazi.
• Kuhumeka umwotsi w’itabi: Umutsi w’itabi ukomoka ku bandi ukomereza ubudahangarwa bw’ubuhumekero.
• Ubuzima buhuriweho n’abantu benshi: Abantu benshi bahuriye hafi bongera uburyo virusi ikwirakwira.
• Kuzalirwa imburagihe: Abana bavutse imburagihe bashobora kugira ubudahangarwa bucyeye.

Konywa amashereka yo mu nda bishobora gutanga uburinzi runaka kuri impyiko binyuze mu gutanga imiti y’ubudahangarwa kuva ku mubyeyi ku mwana. Ariko rero, n’abana banywa amashereka yo mu nda bazakomeza kurwara impyiko uko bahura na virusi nshya nyina wabo atari yahuye na zo.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko kurwara impyiko ari igice gisanzwe cyo gukura kw’ubudahangarwa bw’umwana wawe. Buri mpyiko ifasha umubiri we kumenya no kurwanya virusi neza mu gihe kizaza.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora kuba ingaruka z’impyiko isanzwe mu bana bato?

Impyiko nyinshi z’abana zikira nta ngaruka, ariko ni byiza kumenya ibimenyetso bishobora kwerekana ikibazo gikomeye. Abana bato cyane cyane barahangayikishijwe kuko inzira zabo z’ubuhumekero ari nto kandi ubudahangarwa bwabo bugikura.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kubaho harimo:

• Indwara z’amatwi: Amazuru afunze ashobora gufunga imiyoboro ihuza amazuru n’amatwi, bigatuma amazi yubura kandi akaba indwara.
• Bronchiolitis: Kubyimba kw’inzira nto z’ubuhumekero mu mwijima, bikunze kugaragara mu bana bafite munsi y’amezi 12.
• Pneumonia: Indwara y’ubwandu bwa bagiteri ishobora kuba mu mwijima.
• Gucika amazi: Kurya nabi kubera amazuru afunze bishobora gutuma amazi adahagije.
• Kugira ingaruka ku ndwara zisanzwe: Abana barwaye asma cyangwa izindi ndwara z’ubuhumekero bashobora kugira ibibazo.

Izi ngaruka ni nke, cyane cyane ukoresheje kwitabwaho neza no kugenzura. Ariko rero, zishobora kubaho cyane mu bana bato cyane, abana bavutse imburagihe, cyangwa abafite ibibazo by’ubuzima.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, icyatangira nk’impyiko isanzwe gishobora guterwa na respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka mu bana bato. Niyo mpamvu gukurikirana ibimenyetso by’umwana wawe ari ingenzi cyane.

Impyiko isanzwe mu bana bato ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo utazibuza umwana wawe kurwara impyiko burundu, ushobora kugabanya ibyago bye cyane ukurikije ingamba zo kwirinda. Intego si ukurema ahantu hatagira imikoro, ahubwo ni uguteza imbere uko umwana wawe ahura n’imikoro mu mezi ye adahangayitse.

Hano hari uburyo bwo kwirinda bugira akamaro:

• Isuku y’intoki: Koga intoki neza mbere yo gufata umwana wawe, cyane cyane nyuma yo kuba mu ruhame.
• Kugabanya uko uhura n’abarwaye: Saba abashyitsi gutinda gusura niba barwaye.
• Gusukura ibintu kenshi: Koresha ibintu byanduye kenshi nka ibikinisho, ibikoresho byo gufungura, n’ahantu ho guhindura imyenda.
• Kwirinda ahantu hahurira abantu benshi: Kwirinda ingendo zitari ngombwa mu bice byinshi by’abantu mu gihe cy’impyiko.
• Konywa amashereka yo mu nda niba bishoboka: Amashereka yo mu nda atanga imiti y’ubudahangarwa ishobora gufasha kurinda indwara.
• Komeza intoki z’abana bakuru zimeze neza: Bigisha abagize umuryango imikorere myiza y’isuku.
• Kwirinda umwotsi w’itabi: Kwirinda umwana wawe umwotsi w’itabi.

Wibuke ko guhura n’imikoro bimwe na bimwe bifitiye akamaro gukura kw’ubudahangarwa bw’umwana wawe. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukubona uko ubungabunga ingamba zikwiye no guha umwanya imibanire isanzwe.

Uko umwana wawe akura kandi ubudahangarwa bwe bukomera, azaba afite ubudahangarwa ku ndwara ziterwa na virusi zisanzwe. Abana benshi barwara impyiko nke nyuma y’isabukuru yabo y’umwaka wa mbere.

Impyiko isanzwe mu bana bato imenyekana ite?

Kumenya impyiko isanzwe mu bana bato bisanzwe byoroshye kandi bishingiye ku kureba ibimenyetso byabo. Muganga wawe wita ku bana azashobora kumenya impyiko gusa yumvise uko ubyivugira kandi akareba umwana wawe.

Mu gihe cyo kumusuzuma, muganga wawe azareba amazuru, umunwa, n’amatwi y’umwana wawe kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso by’indwara. Azumva mu mwijima no mu mutima w’umwana wawe kugira ngo arebe ko nta majwi ateye impungenge ashobora kwerekana ingaruka.

Muganga wawe azakubaza igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye, uburyo umwana wawe arya, niba hari undi muntu mu rugo warwaye vuba. Aya makuru afasha kwemeza ko ufite impyiko isanzwe aho kuba ikintu gikomeye.

Mu bihe byinshi, nta bipimo byihariye bikenewe kugira ngo hamenyekane impyiko isanzwe. Ariko rero, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupima ibindi niba akeka ko hari ingaruka cyangwa niba ibimenyetso by’umwana wawe bikomeye cyane.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, niba umwana wawe afite ibimenyetso biramba cyangwa ibimenyetso by’indwara ikomeye, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka gupima amafoto y’amabere cyangwa gupima umusemburo wo mu mazuru kugira ngo amenye virusi itera iyo ndwara.

Ni ubuhe buvuzi bw’impyiko isanzwe mu bana bato?

Ubuvuzi bw’impyiko z’abana bugamije gutuma umwana wawe yumva afite ubuzima mu gihe ubudahangarwa bwe burwanya virusi. Nta muti w’impyiko isanzwe, ariko ushobora gukora byinshi kugira ngo ufashe umwana wawe kumva ameze neza mu gihe cyo gukira.

Uburyo nyamukuru bw’ubuvuzi burimo:

• Kugumisha amazi: Tanga amashereka cyangwa ibinyobwa byinshi kenshi, kuko abana bashobora kunywa bike kubera amazuru afunze.
• Gusukura amazuru: Koresha amazi ya saline hanyuma ukore uko ushoboye gukura umusemburo ukoresheje igikoresho cyo gukurura amazuru.
• Kurema ubushuhe: Koresha igikoresho cyongera ubushuhe mu cyumba cy’umwana wawe kugira ngo ufashe gukurura umusemburo.
• Kuruhuka: Reka umwana wawe aryamire uko ashaka, nubwo bisobanura kuryama kenshi.
• Guhagarara umutwe gato: Shyira igitambara munsi y’umutwe w’amatara kugira ngo ufashe gukurura (ntukoreshe ibyuya ku bana bafite munsi y’amezi 12).

Ni ngombwa kwirinda guha imiti y’impyiko icuruzwa mu maduka abana bafite munsi y’imyaka 2. Iyi miti ntabwo yemewe ko ari nziza cyangwa ikora ku bana bato kandi ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi.

Kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe, ushobora guha umwana wawe acetaminophen ku bana bafite amezi arenga 3, cyangwa ibuprofen ku bana bafite amezi arenga 6, ukurikije amabwiriza ya muganga wawe. Ntuzigere uha abana aspirin kubera ibyago by’indwara ikomeye yitwa Reye's syndrome.

Uko wakwita ku mwana wawe mu rugo mu gihe arwaye impyiko

Kwita ku mwana ufite impyiko mu rugo bisaba kwihangana no kwita ku byifuzo bye. Ubufasha bwawe ni ingenzi mu kumufasha gukira no kwirinda ingaruka.

Dore uko ushobora kwita neza ku mwana wawe mu rugo:

• Kurya kenshi: Tanga ibiryo bike, ariko byinshi kuko amazuru afunze bituma kurya bikomeye.
• Gusukura amazuru neza: Koresha amazi ya saline iminota 15 mbere yo kurya no kuryama, hanyuma ukore uko ushoboye gukurura.
• Uburyo bworoshye bwo kwicara: Fata umwana wawe uhagaze mu gihe cyo kurya no nyuma yo kurya kugira ngo yorohere guhumeka.
• Kwita ku ruhu: Shyira amavuta make ya petroleum jelly ku mazuru kugira ngo wirinda gukomeretsa uko usukura.
• Guhobera cyane: Guhobera cyane no guhuza uruhu bishobora guhumuriza umwana wawe.
• Kumenya ibimenyetso: Kumenya ubushyuhe, uburyo bwo kurya, no guhumeka kugira ngo ubabwire impinduka.

Kurema ahantu hatuje kandi heza ni ingenzi kugira ngo umwana wawe akire. Komeza icyumba cye gifite ubushyuhe buhagije kandi ube ufite umwuka mwiza utabangamira.

Wibuke ko ari ibisanzwe ko abana bakunda guhora hafi yawe kandi bakeneye kwitabwaho cyane iyo batameze neza. Iki kintu cyo gushaka guhora hafi yawe ni igice cyo gukira kwabo kandi gifasha gukomeza umubano wanyu.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitunganya kugira ngo ujye kwa muganga bizagufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe kandi bizatuma muganga wawe agira amakuru yose akenewe kugira ngo atange ubufasha bwiza ku mwana wawe.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, kora ibi bikurikira:

• Igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye: Andika igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye n’uko byagiye bikura umunsi ku munsi.
• Inyandiko y’ubushyuhe: Andika ubushyuhe wamenye n’igihe wabumenye.
• Uburyo bwo kurya: Kora inyandiko y’uko umwana wawe arya cyangwa anywa.
• Impinduka mu buryo bwo kuryama: Andika impinduka mu buryo bwo kuryama cyangwa uko aryama.
• Uko umwana wawe akoresha imyenda: Kora inyandiko y’imyenda y’amazi n’imyenda yanduye kugira ngo umenye niba atacika amazi.
• Imiti yahawe: Andika imiti yagabanyije ubushyuhe cyangwa ibindi bivuriro wagerageje.
• Indwara mu rugo: Vuga niba hari undi muntu mu muryango warwaye vuba.

Zana ibintu umwana wawe akunda kugira ngo amuhumurize mu gihe cyo kumusuzuma. Igitambara cyangwa ikintu gito azi ashobora gutuma uruzinduko rudateye ubwoba kuri buri wese.

Andika ibibazo cyangwa impungenge ufite mbere yo kujya kwa muganga. Biroroshye kwibagirwa ibintu by’ingenzi iyo uhangayikishijwe no gusuzuma umwana wawe, bityo kugira urutonde rwanditse bizatuma uvuga byose.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane ku mpyiko isanzwe mu bana bato

Impyiko zisanzwe mu bana bato ni ibisanzwe kandi nta kibazo gikomeye, nubwo bishobora gutuma wowe n’umwana wawe mubabara ibyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Ubudahangarwa bw’umwana wawe bugikura kandi bukomera uko arwara impyiko.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko urukundo rwawe n’ubwitabire ari byo byiza mu gihe cy’uburwayi. Nubwo utazibuza impyiko, ushobora guhumuriza, guha amazi ahagije, no kugenzura impinduka z’ibimenyetso.

Gira icyizere icyo umutima wawe w’umubyeyi ukubwira. Uzi umwana wawe kurusha undi wese, kandi niba hari ikintu kidakwiye cyangwa kitari cyo, ntutinye kuvugana n’umuganga wawe. Impyiko nyinshi zikira mu minsi 7-10 nta ngaruka.

Wibuke ko iki gihe cyo kurwara impyiko kenshi kigenda kigabanuka nyuma y’isabukuru y’umwana wawe y’umwaka wa mbere ubudahangarwa bwe bukomera kandi agakura ubudahangarwa ku ndwara ziterwa na virusi zisanzwe mu karere utuyemo.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa ku mpyiko isanzwe mu bana bato

Nshobora gukomeza konsa umwana wanjye iyo arwaye impyiko?

Yego, komeza konsa umwana wawe iyo arwaye impyiko. Amashereka yo mu nda afite imiti y’ubudahangarwa ishobora gufasha kurwanya indwara kandi atanga amazi ahagije. Ushobora gukenera konsa kenshi kuko umwana wawe ashobora kunywa bike kubera amazuru afunze, ariko konsa ni kimwe mu bintu byiza ushobora gukora mu gihe arwaye.

Umuntu arwaye impyiko amara igihe kingana iki atwara indwara?

Abana bato barwara cyane mu minsi 2-3 ya mbere y’impyiko iyo ibimenyetso bigaragara, ariko bashobora gutwara virusi kugeza ku minsi 10. Igihe cyo gutwara indwara kigabanuka cyane iyo ubushyuhe bugabanuka kandi ibimenyetso bigenda bigabanuka. Ariko rero, bimwe mu bisigaye bya virusi bishobora gukomeza nubwo umwana wawe ameze neza.

Ndagomba gusigira umwana wanjye mu rugo iyo arwaye impyiko?

Ibigo byinshi byita ku bana bisaba ko abana baguma mu rugo niba bafite ubushyuhe, badashobora kwitabira ibikorwa bisanzwe, cyangwa bakeneye kwitabwaho kurusha abakozi bashobora kwita ku bandi bana. Reba amabwiriza yihariye y’ikigo cyita ku bana, ariko muri rusange abana bashobora gusubira iyo batagifite ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’amasaha 24 kandi bararya neza, nubwo bagifite amazuru afunze.

Impyiko y’umwana wanjye ishobora guhinduka ikintu gikomeye?

Nubwo impyiko nyinshi ziguma ari nto kandi zikira ubwazo, abana bato rimwe na rimwe bashobora kugira ingaruka nko kwandura amatwi, bronchiolitis, cyangwa pneumonia. Reba ibimenyetso by’ubuhumekero, ubushyuhe buhoraho, kureka kurya iminsi myinshi, cyangwa imyitwarire itandukanye n’imikorere isanzwe y’umwana wawe. Vugana na muganga wawe niba ubona izi mpinduka ziteye impungenge.

Ni ibisanzwe ko umwana wanjye arwara impyiko nyinshi mu mwaka we wa mbere?

Yego, ni ibisanzwe ko abana barwara impyiko 6-8 mu mwaka wabo wa mbere w’ubuzima. Ubudahangarwa bwabo bugikura, kandi bahura na virusi nyinshi ku nshuro ya mbere. Buri mpyiko ifasha kubaka ubudahangarwa bwabo mu gihe kizaza. Uzabona impyiko nke uko umwana wawe akura kandi ubudahangarwa bwe bukomera mu kurwanya izi virusi.