Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Ese ni ubwonko bukomeretse gato, buva mu guhuhamuka kw’ubwonko mu gice cy’umutwe, akenshi biturutse ku gukubitwa mu mutwe cyangwa ku mubiri. Tekereza ko ubwonko bwawe buhuhamuka gato mu kibindi cyabwo kirinda. Nubwo ijambo “ubwonko bukomeretse” rishobora gutera ubwoba, ubukonje bwinshi bukizwa neza uburuhukiro n’ubwitabire bikwiye.

Ubu bwoko bw’ubukomere busanzwe kurusha uko ushobora kubitekereza, bugira ingaruka kuri miliyoni z’abantu buri mwaka biturutse ku mikino, kugwa, impanuka z’imodoka, n’ibintu bito bisanzwe. Gusobanukirwa ibyabaye mu gihe cy’ubukomere bw’ubwonko bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso no gufata intambwe ikwiye mu gukira.

Ese ni iki?

Ese ibaho iyo ubwonko bwawe buhindukira vuba inyuma imbere mu gice cy’umutwe, bigatera impinduka z’igihe gito mu mikorere y’ingirabuzimafatizo z’ubwonko bwawe. Ubwonko bwawe busanzwe bukingirwa n’amazi y’ubwonko, ariko igitero cy’umuvuduko gishobora gutuma bugonga inkuta zikomeye z’umutwe.

Ubu buhuhamuka buhungabanya imikorere isanzwe ya chimique mu bwonko bwawe igihe gito. Inkuru nziza ni uko ubukonje bufatwa nk’ubukomere bw’ubwonko “buke” kuko busanzwe budatera ibibazo birambye. Ubwonko bwawe bufite ubushobozi bwo gukira bugaragara, kandi abantu benshi barakira neza mu byumweru bike.

Bitandukanye n’ubukomere bukomeye bw’ubwonko, ubukonje busanzwe ntabwo burimo kuva amaraso mu bwonko cyangwa gucika kw’amagufwa y’umutwe. Ariko rero, bigomba gufatwa nk’ibintu bikomeye kuko ubwonko bwawe bukeneye igihe n’ikiruhuko kugira ngo bukire neza.

Ibimenyetso by’ubukomere bw’ubwonko ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso by’ubukomere bw’ubwonko bishobora kuba bigoye kuko ntibigaragara buri gihe vuba kandi bishobora gutandukana cyane ukurikije umuntu. Ushobora kubona ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe ako kanya, mu gihe ibindi bishobora kuza nyuma y’amasaha cyangwa ndetse n’iminsi nyuma y’ubukomere.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora guhura na byo birimo:

• Kubabara umutwe cyangwa kumva umutwe uremereye
• Gucika intekerezo cyangwa kumva udasobanutse
• Kuzenguruka cyangwa kugira ibibazo byo kubona umubiri
• Kugira iseseme cyangwa kuruka
• Kumva umucyo cyangwa urusaku bikubabaza
• Kumva unaniwe cyane cyangwa utaryohewe
• Kugira ibibazo byo kwibanda cyangwa kwibuka ibintu
• Kumva uhangayitse cyangwa impinduka z’imitekerereze
• Kurara cyane cyangwa bike kurusha uko bisanzwe

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibimenyetso bidafata, nko kumva urusaku mu matwi, impinduka mu kunuka cyangwa mu kunywa, cyangwa kumva uhangayitse cyangwa ufite agahinda. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ntukeneye gutakaza ubwenge kugira ngo ugire ubwonko bukomeretse.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bibi kurushaho kandi bikeneye ubutabazi bwihuse bw’abaganga. Ibi birimo kuruka kenshi, gucika intekerezo bikabije, gufata, cyangwa kunanirwa gusinzira bikomeye bigoye kubyuka umuntu.

Ese ni iki gitera ubwonko bukomeretse?

Ubukonje buva mu gihe umutwe wawe cyangwa umubiri wawe wahuye n’imbaraga zikomeye zihagije gutuma ubwonko bwawe buhindukira mu gice cy’umutwe. Iyi mbaraga ntizigomba kuza mu mutwe wawe - rimwe na rimwe igitero gikomeye ku mubiri wawe gishobora guhindura umutwe wawe bihagije gutera ubwonko bukomeretse.

Intandaro zisanzwe zirimo:

• Imikino ikomeretsa, cyane cyane imikino ihura cyane nko gutera umupira w’amaguru, umupira w’amaguru, cyangwa hockey
• Kugwa, cyane cyane mu bana bato n’abakuze
• Impanuka z’imodoka cyangwa izindi mpanuka z’ibinyabiziga
• Intambara cyangwa ihohoterwa
• Impanuka z’amagare cyangwa za moto
• Impanuka zo mu kazi cyangwa kugwa

Rimwe na rimwe ubukonje bushobora kuvuka mu bintu bito bigaragara. Ushobora kugwa ukagonga umutwe ku kabati, cyangwa ukagongwa mu mpanuka nto y’imodoka. Ikintu nyamukuru si uburyo igitero cyumvikana, ahubwo ni uburyo gitera ubwonko bwawe guhindukira.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ubukonje bushobora guterwa n’ibitero by’ibisasu cyangwa kwihuta no kugabanya umuvuduko, niyo mpamvu rimwe na rimwe biboneka mu basirikare cyangwa mu bwoko bumwe bw’impanuka.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera ubwonko bukomeretse?

Ukwiye kubona umuganga niba ukekako wowe cyangwa undi muntu afite ubwonko bukomeretse, nubwo ibimenyetso bigaragara ari bito. Kubona isuzuma ry’abaganga bifasha kwemeza ko uri mu nzira ikwiye yo gukira kandi bishobora gufata vuba ibibazo bishobora kuvuka.

Shaka ubutabazi bwihuse bw’ibitaro niba ubona ibimenyetso bikomeye by’uburiganya:

• Gutakaza ubwenge igihe icyo ari cyo cyose
• Kuruka kenshi cyangwa iseseme bidashira
• Gutakaza cyangwa guhindagurika
• Kubabara umutwe cyane cyangwa bikomeza
• Gucika intekerezo cyangwa guhangayika bikomeza
• Kugira ibibazo byo kubyuka cyangwa kunanirwa gusinzira bidasanzwe
• Intege nke cyangwa kubabara mu maboko cyangwa mu maguru
• Ijambo ridasobanutse

Ntugatinye guhamagara 911 cyangwa kujya mu bitaro niba uhangayitse. Buri gihe ni byiza kwitonda iyo bigeze ku gukomeretsa umutwe.

Ndetse nta bimenyetso by’uburiganya, ugomba kubona umuganga mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma y’ubukomere. Bashobora gusuzuma neza ibimenyetso byawe, bakareba niba nta gukomeretsa bikomeye, kandi baguha ubuyobozi bwihariye bwo gukira.

Ibyago byo kugira ubwonko bukomeretse ni ibihe?

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kugira ubwonko bukomeretse, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kubona. Gusobanukirwa ibi byago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye, nubwo ari ngombwa kwibuka ko ubwonko bukomeretse bushobora kuba ku muntu wese, aho ari ho hose.

Ibyago by’ingenzi birimo:

• Gukina imikino ihura cyangwa igonga nko gutera umupira w’amaguru, rugbi, gutera ibitero, cyangwa hockey y’umukingo
• Kuba muto cyane (munsi y’imyaka 4) cyangwa mukuru (irenga imyaka 75) kubera ibyago byinshi byo kugwa
• Kuba waragize ubwonko bukomeretse mbere
• Kwitabira ibikorwa by’ibyago nko guskiya, gusiganwa kuri skate, cyangwa kuzamuka inzu
• Gukora imirimo imwe nko kubaka cyangwa gukora mu gisirikare
• Kugira ibibazo byo kubona umubiri cyangwa gufata imiti igira ingaruka ku guhuza

Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ubwonko bukomeretse kubera ibintu nko kuvuka cyangwa kugira amateka y’ububabare bw’umutwe. Byongeye kandi, niba waragize ubwonko bukomeretse inshuro nyinshi mbere, ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kubona izindi kandi bishobora kugutwara igihe kinini gukira.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, uburwayi bumwe na bumwe bugira ingaruka ku maraso cyangwa amagufwa akomeye bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira ubwonko bukomeretse. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe bwite n’uburyo bwo kubigenzura neza.

Ibibazo bishobora kuvuka kubera ubwonko bukomeretse ni ibihe?

Abantu benshi barakira neza ubwonko bukomeretse nta kibazo kirambye. Ariko rero, ni ingirakamaro gusobanukirwa ibibazo bishobora kuvuka, kugira ngo umenye ibyo ugomba kwitondera n’igihe ukwiye gushaka ubutabazi bw’abaganga.

Ibibazo bisanzwe birimo:

• Indwara y’ubwonko nyuma y’ubukomere, aho ibimenyetso bikomeza igihe kirekire kurusha igihe cyitezwe (ibyumweru ku mezi)
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kugira ubwonko bukomeretse izindi nshuro niba usubiye mu bikorwa vuba
• Ibibazo by’igihe gito byo kwibuka, kwibanda, cyangwa imitekerereze
• Ibibazo byo kurara bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya buri munsi
• Kubabara umutwe bikomeza nyuma y’igihe cyo gukira gisanzwe

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ibibazo bikomeye bishobora kuvuka. Ibi birimo encephalopathy iterwa n’ubukomere buhoraho (CTE), ifitanye isano no gukomeretsa umutwe inshuro nyinshi imyaka myinshi, cyangwa syndrome y’igitero cya kabiri, ishobora kuvuka niba umuntu agize ubwonko bukomeretse ikindi mbere y’uko icya mbere gikize.

Ikintu nyamukuru cyo gukumira ibibazo ni ugukurikiza inama za muganga wawe ku kiruhuko no gusubira gahoro gahoro mu bikorwa bisanzwe. Gusubira vuba cyane, cyane cyane imikino cyangwa ibikorwa by’ibyago, bishobora gutera ibimenyetso birambye cyangwa ibindi bikomere.

Ubukonje bushobora gukumirwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora gukumira buri gukomeretsa umutwe, hari intambwe nyinshi ushobora gufata kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kugira ubwonko bukomeretse. Gukumira buri gihe biruta kuvura, kandi impinduka nto mu myitwarire yawe ya buri munsi zishobora gutanga impinduka nini.

Dore ingamba zikomeye zo gukumira:

• Buri gihe bambara ingofero zikwiye mugihe utwara igare, skate, ski, cyangwa ukina imikino ihura
• Koresha umukandara w’umutekano mu modoka n’imyanya y’abana cyangwa imyanya y’abana
• Kora inzu yawe ikwiye gucunga neza ubwenge, ukureho ibintu bishobora gutera kugwa, kandi ukoreshe amakarito adatera kugwa
• Kwambara ibikoresho bikwiye byo kwirinda mu mikino no gukurikiza amategeko y’umutekano
• Komeza inzu z’amadari zimeze neza kandi ukoreshe ibikoresho byo gufata
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe kugira ngo ugumane umubiri mwiza n’ubwumvikane

Kubakinnyi, kumenya ubuhanga bukwiye no gukurikiza amabwiriza y’umutekano yihariye ni ingenzi. Abatoza n’abakinnyi bagomba kwita ku mutekano kurusha gutsinda, kandi ikomere ryose ry’umutwe rikekwa rigomba gufatwa nk’ikintu gikomeye.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe aho umuntu yagize ubwonko bukomeretse inshuro nyinshi, abaganga bashobora kugira inama yo kwirinda ibikorwa by’ibyago. Icyemezo nk’icyo kigomba gufatwa buri gihe hakurikijwe inama z’abaganga hashingiwe ku mimerere yawe bwite.

Ese ubwonko bukomeretse bupimwa gute?

Gupima ubwonko bukomeretse bisaba isuzuma ry’umuganga, kuko nta kizami kimwe gishobora kwemeza neza. Muganga wawe azishingira ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y’ubuzima, n’isuzuma ryawe kugira ngo akore isuzuma.

Mu gihe cy’isura yawe, muganga wawe azakubaza ibibazo birambuye ku buryo wakomerekeye n’ibimenyetso urimo guhura na byo. Azakora kandi isuzuma rya neurologique kugira ngo arebe kwibuka kwawe, kwibanda, kubona, kumva, kubona umubiri, n’imikorere.

Rimwe na rimwe muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha ibizamini cyangwa ibibazo byateguwe kugira ngo apime ubushobozi bwawe bwo gutekereza n’uburemere bw’ibimenyetso. Ibi bikoresho bimufasha gukurikirana iterambere ryawe mu gihe runaka kandi bikamwemerera kwemeza ko uri gukira neza.

Mu bihe byinshi, amashusho y’ubwonko nka CT scan cyangwa MRI ntabwo ari ngombwa mu gupima ubwonko bukomeretse. Ariko rero, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ibi bizamini niba ahangayikishijwe no kuva amaraso mu bwonko cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’imiterere, cyane cyane niba utakaje ubwenge cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye.

Uburyo bwo gupima bufasha itsinda ry’abaganga bawe gutegura gahunda yo gukira ikurikiranye ukurikije uko uhagaze n’ibimenyetso byawe.

Ubuvuzi bw’ubwonko bukomeretse ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi nyamukuru bw’ubwonko bukomeretse ni kuruhuka - haba ku mubiri no mu mutwe. Ubwonko bwawe bukeneye igihe cyo gukira, kimwe n’ibindi bice by’umubiri byakomeretse. Ibi bivuze gufata ikiruhuko mu bikorwa bisaba kwibanda cyangwa imbaraga z’umubiri kugeza igihe ibimenyetso byawe bigabanutse.

Gahunda yawe yo gukira izaba irimo ibice bitandukanye:

1. Kuruhuka rwose mu masaha 24-48 nyuma y’ubukomere
2. Gusubira gahoro gahoro mu bikorwa byoroshye byo mu mutwe nko gusoma cyangwa gukoresha mudasobwa
3. Kongera gahoro gahoro imyitozo ngororamubiri uko ubyumva
4. Gusubira gahoro gahoro mu kazi, ishuri, cyangwa imikino ufite uruhushya rw’abaganga

Mu gihe cyo kuruhuka, ukwiye kwirinda ibikorwa bituma ibimenyetso byawe bikomeza. Ibi bishobora gusobanura kugabanya igihe cyo kureba amashusho, kwirinda umucyo mwinshi, cyangwa kuguma ahantu hatuje niba uri umunyamwete w’urusaku.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugira inama yo gufata imiti igabanya ububabare yo mu maduka, ariko azaba yitondeye ku yo azagutegeka. Imiti imwe ishobora kongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso cyangwa guhisha ibimenyetso by’ingenzi.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe aho ibimenyetso bikomeza ibyumweru cyangwa amezi menshi, ushobora kungukira muri gahunda zihariye zo kuvugurura zirimo imyitozo ngororamubiri, imyitozo yo mu kazi, cyangwa inama zo gufasha gucunga ingaruka zikomeza.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe cyo gukira ubwonko bukomeretse

Kwita ku buzima bwawe iwawe ni igice cy’ingenzi cyo gukira ubwonko bukomeretse. Inkuru nziza ni uko ibintu byinshi ukora birimo guha ubwonko bwawe ikiruhuko n’ubwitabire buke bukeneye gukira neza.

Dore uko ushobora gufasha gukira kwawe iwawe:

• Kurara bihagije no kuruhuka igihe wumva unaniwe
• Kwima imyanda n’ibiyobyabwenge, bishobora kugabanya ubuvuzi
• Kunywa amazi ahagije no kurya ibiryo biringaniye buri gihe
• Kugabanya ibikorwa bituma ibimenyetso byawe bikomeza
• Gusaba umuryango cyangwa inshuti kugufasha mu mirimo ya buri munsi niba ari ngombwa
• Kwandika ibimenyetso byawe kugira ngo ukure iterambere ryawe

Ni ngombwa kumva umubiri wawe no kudatsinda ibimenyetso. Niba gusoma bituma ububabare bw’umutwe bwawe bukomeza, fatima ikiruhuko. Niba umucyo mwinshi ukubabaza, ugabanye cyangwa wambare izibukira izuba imbere mu nzu by’igihe gito.

Ongera gahoro gahoro ibikorwa byawe uko wumva umeze neza, ariko wihangane nawe. Gukira ntibihora ari byiza - ushobora kumva umeze neza umunsi umwe kandi nabi undi, kandi ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukudatsinda gusubira mu bikorwa byuzuye vuba cyane.

Uko wakwitegura isura yawe kwa muganga

Kwitunganya isura yawe kwa muganga bishobora gufasha kwemeza ko ubonye ubutabazi burambuye kandi ntiwibagirwe kuvuga ibintu by’ingenzi ku gukomeretsa kwawe cyangwa ibimenyetso byawe. Gutegura gato bigira uruhare mu gufasha umuganga wawe gusobanukirwa uko uhagaze.

Mbere y’isura yawe, andika amakuru y’uko wakomerekeye, harimo itariki, igihe, n’imimerere. Gerageza kwibuka niba wataje ubwenge, wumva udasobanutse, cyangwa wabonye ibimenyetso byihuse.

Andika urutonde rw’ibimenyetso byawe byose, nubwo bigaragara ari bito cyangwa bidafitanye isano. Vuga igihe buri kimenyetso cyatangiye n’uburemere bwayo kuri urugero rwa 1 kugeza kuri 10. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa ishusho yuzuye y’ubukomere bwawe.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose urimo gufata, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n’ibindi. Nanone, kora amakuru yerekeye amateka yawe y’ubuzima, cyane cyane ibindi bikomere by’umutwe cyangwa ubwonko bukomeretse.

Teganya kuzana umuryango cyangwa inshuti mu isura yawe. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru, kubaza ibibazo ushobora kwibagirwa, no kugufasha mu gihe cy’isura yawe. Rimwe na rimwe babona ibimenyetso cyangwa impinduka ushobora kutamenya.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane ku bijyanye n’ubwonko bukomeretse

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ku bijyanye n’ubwonko bukomeretse ni uko ari ububabare buvuzi kandi busanzwe bukizwa neza hakurikijwe ubuvuzi n’ubwihangane. Nubwo ijambo “ubwonko bukomeretse” rishobora gutera ubwoba, abantu benshi bakurikije inama z’abaganga barakira neza mu byumweru bike.

Guha agaciro ibimenyetso no kubona isuzuma ry’abaganga ni ingenzi, nubwo ububabare bugaragara ari buto. Ubwonko bwawe bukwiye kwitabwaho kimwe n’ibindi bice by’umubiri byakomeretse.

Gukira bisaba kwihangana no kwemera. Ni ibisanzwe kumva uhangayitse iyo ibimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi, ariko kwishyiraho imbaraga nyinshi vuba cyane bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko wo gukira.

Wibuke ko gushaka ubufasha ari ikimenyetso cy’ubutwari, atari intege nke. Niba uhangayikishijwe n’ibimenyetso byawe cyangwa iterambere ryawe, ntutinye kuvugana n’umuganga wawe. Bahari kugufasha mu ntambwe zose zo gukira.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Ku Bijyanye n’Ubwenge Bukomeretse

Waba ufite ubwonko bukomeretse udafite ubwenge?

Yego, rwose. Abantu benshi bafite ubwonko bukomeretse ntibatakaza ubwenge. Ushobora kugira ubwonko bukomeretse cyane usigaye uzirikana kandi uhagaze neza mu gihe cy’ubukomere. Gutakaza ubwenge ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bishoboka, si ngombwa kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma.

Biramba gute gukira ubwonko bukomeretse?

Abantu benshi barakira ubwonko bukomeretse mu minsi 7-10, nubwo bamwe bashobora kumara ibyumweru byinshi. Igihe cyo gukira gitandukana cyane bitewe n’ibintu nko kuba muto, ubuzima rusange, uburemere bw’ubukomere, n’uko waba waragize ubwonko bukomeretse mbere. Abana n’abangavu bakunda kumara igihe kinini gukira kurusha abakuze.

Ni byiza gusinzira nyuma y’ubwonko bukomeretse?

Yego, gusinzira ni ingenzi cyane mu gukira ubwonko bukomeretse. Inama ishaje yo kudasinzira umuntu nyuma y’ubukomere bw’umutwe yahindutse. Ariko rero, umuntu akwiye kukureba buri gihe mu masaha 24 ya mbere kugira ngo yemeze ko ushobora kubyuka uko bisanzwe kandi ntugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ibibazo bikomeye.

Ni ryari nshobora gusubira mu mikino cyangwa imyitozo ngororamubiri nyuma y’ubwonko bukomeretse?

Ntiwakwiye gusubira mu mikino cyangwa imyitozo ikomeye mu gihe ugifite ibimenyetso by’ubwonko bukomeretse. Abaganga benshi bagira inama yo gusubira gahoro gahoro mu bikorwa, bikamara byibuze icyumweru kimwe, ariko iyi gahunda ishobora gutandukana cyane. Ukeneye uruhushya rw’abaganga mbere yo gusubira mu mikino ihura cyangwa ibikorwa by’ibyago.

Ese ubwonko bukomeretse bushobora gutera ibibazo birambye?

Nubwo abantu benshi barakira neza, bamwe bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeza ibyumweru cyangwa amezi, bizwi nka syndrome nyuma y’ubwonko bukomeretse. Ibibazo birambye bishoboka cyane niba waragize ubwonko bukomeretse inshuro nyinshi cyangwa ntiwemerere igihe gikwiye cyo gukira. Niyo mpamvu gukurikiza inama z’abaganga no kwirinda gukomeretsa bishya ari ingenzi cyane.