Abana Bafite Uburwayi Bw'Umutima Bwavutse Nabo

Uburwayi bw'umutima bwavutse wavukanye ni ikibazo kijyanye n'imiterere y'umutima umwana avukana. Bimwe mu bimenyetso by'umutima wavukanye ku bana ni bito kandi ntibikenera kuvurwa. Ibindi ni byo bigoye. Umwana ashobora gukenera kubagwa inshuro nyinshi mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi.

Ibibazo bikomeye by'umutima wavutse wavukanye bisanzwe biboneka vuba nyuma yo kuvuka cyangwa mu mezi ya mbere y'ubuzima. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo: Iminwa, ururimi, cyangwa imisumari yera cyangwa y'ibara ry'ubururu. Bitewe n'irangi ry'uruhu, izi mpinduka zishobora kuba zitoroshye cyangwa zoroshye kubona.Guhumeka kenshi.Kubyimbagira mu maguru, mu nda cyangwa mu turere two mu maso.Guhumeka nabi mu gihe cyo konsa, bigatuma umwana adatera imbere neza. Ibibazo by'umutima wavutse wavukanye bidafite akaga gakomeye bishobora kutaboneka kugeza nyuma mu buto. Ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umutima wavutse wavukanye mu bana bakuze bishobora kuba birimo: Kubura umwuka vuba mu gihe cyo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa ibikorwa.Kubabara cyane mu gihe cyo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa ibikorwa.Guta ubwenge mu gihe cyo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa ibikorwa.Kubyimbagira mu ntoki, mu birenge cyangwa mu birenge. Ibibazo bikomeye by'umutima wavutse wavukanye bikunze kuvurwa mbere cyangwa nyuma gato y'ivuka ry'umwana. Niba utekereza ko umwana wawe afite ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bw'umutima, hamagara umuganga w'umwana wawe.

Uburwayi bukomeye bw'umutima bwavutse bukunze kuvurwa mbere y'uko umwana avuka cyangwa nyuma gato. Niba utekereza ko umwana wawe afite ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bw'umutima, hamagara umuganga wita ku buzima bw'umwana wawe.

Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe impamvu ziterwa n'uburwayi bw'umutima bwavutse, bishobora gufasha kumenya uko umutima usanzwe ukora. Umutima usanzwe ufite ibyumba bine. Hari ibiri iburyo n'ibiri ibumoso. Ibyumba bibiri byo hejuru byitwa atria. Ibyumba bibiri byo hasi byitwa ventricles. Kugira ngo umutima utere amaraso mu mubiri wose, ukoresha impande ze z'iburyo n'ibumoso mu mirimo itandukanye. Iruhande rw'iburyo rw'umutima rwohereza amaraso mu mwijima binyuze mu mitsi y'amaraso y'imijima, yitwa imitsi ya pulmonary. Mu mwijima, amaraso abona ogisijeni. Amaraso hanyuma ajya ku ruhande rw'ibumoso rw'umutima binyuze mu mitsi ya pulmonary. Iruhande rw'ibumoso rw'umutima ruterera amaraso mu mutsi mukuru w'umubiri, witwa aorta. Hanyuma ajya mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bitandatu bya mbere byo gutwita, umutima w'umwana utangira gushinga kandi utangira gukubita. Imitsi ikomeye y'amaraso ijya no kuva ku mutima itangira kandi gushinga muri icyo gihe cy'ingenzi. Ni muri icyo gihe cy'iterambere ry'umwana ibibazo by'umutima byavutse bishobora gutangira gukura. Abashakashatsi ntibemeza icyateza ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibibazo by'umutima byavutse. Batekereza ko impinduka za gene, imiti runaka cyangwa uburwayi, n'ibintu by'ibidukikije cyangwa imibereho, nko kunywa itabi, bishobora kugira uruhare. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibibazo by'umutima byavutse. Bigabanyijemo ibice rusange bisobanuwe hepfo. Impinduka mu mikoranire, izwi kandi nka mikoranire yahindutse, zireka amaraso kugenda aho asanzwe atagendeye. Ubuhuha bw'imikorere yahindutse bushobora gutuma amaraso adafite ogisijeni avangwa n'amaraso afite ogisijeni. Ibi bigabanya umubare w'ogisijeni yoherezwa mu mubiri. Impinduka mu nzira y'amaraso zituma umutima n'imijima bikora cyane. Ubwoko bw'imikorere yahindutse mu mutima cyangwa mu mitsi y'amaraso harimo: Atrial septal defect ni umwobo uri hagati y'ibyumba byo hejuru by'umutima, byitwa atria. Ventricular septal defect ni umwobo uri ku rukuta ruri hagati y'ibyumba byo hasi by'umutima w'iburyo n'ibumoso, byitwa ventricles. Patent ductus arteriosus (PAY-tunt DUK-tus ahr-teer-e-O-sus) ni ubuhuha buri hagati y'umutsi w'amaraso w'imijima n'umutsi mukuru w'amaraso w'umubiri, witwa aorta. Ufunguwe mu gihe umwana ari mu nda, kandi ubusanzwe urafunga amasaha make nyuma yo kuvuka. Ariko muri bamwe mu bana, usigara ufunguye, bigatera imiterere itari yo y'amaraso hagati y'imitsi ibiri. Total or partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection ibaho iyo imitsi yose cyangwa imwe y'amaraso iva mu mijima, yitwa imitsi ya pulmonary, ikabana n'agace cyangwa ibice bitari byo by'umutima. Amavalvule y'umutima asa n'amarembo ari hagati y'ibyumba by'umutima n'imitsi y'amaraso. Amavalvule y'umutima afunguka kandi afunga kugira ngo amaraso akomeze kugenda mu buryo bukwiye. Niba amavalvule y'umutima adashobora gufunguka no gufunga neza, amaraso ntashobora kugenda neza. Ibibazo by'amavalvule y'umutima birimo amavalvule afunze kandi adafunguka neza cyangwa amavalvule adafunga neza. Ingero z'ibibazo by'amavalvule y'umutima byavutse harimo: Aortic stenosis (stuh-NO-sis). Umwana ashobora kuvuka afite amavalvule ya aortic afite ibice bimwe cyangwa bibiri by'amavalvule, byitwa cusps, aho kuba bitatu. Ibi bituma habaho umwobo muto, ufite umwanya muto wo kunyuramo amaraso. Umutima ugomba gukora cyane kugira ngo utere amaraso binyuze muri valvule. Amaherezo, umutima uramera kandi umutima uramera. Pulmonary stenosis. Ubwinshi bw'amavalvule ya pulmonary burafunze. Ibi bigabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso. Ebstein anomaly. Amavalvule ya tricuspid - iri hagati y'icyumba cyo hejuru cy'umutima w'iburyo n'icyumba cyo hasi cy'iburyo - ntabwo ari isanzwe. Akenshi aracika. Bamwe mu bana bavuka bafite ibibazo byinshi by'umutima byavutse. Ibyo bikomeye cyane bishobora gutera impinduka zikomeye mu nzira y'amaraso cyangwa ibyumba by'umutima bitateye imbere. Ingero harimo: Tetralogy of Fallot (teh-TRAL-uh-jee of fuh-LOW). Hari impinduka enye mu ishusho n'imiterere y'umutima. Hari umwobo uri ku rukuta ruri hagati y'ibyumba byo hasi by'umutima n'imikaya y'umubiri y'icyumba cyo hasi cy'iburyo. Umuhanda uri hagati y'icyumba cyo hasi cy'umutima n'umutsi w'amaraso w'imijima urafunze. Hari kandi impinduka mu mikoranire ya aorta n'umutima. Pulmonary atresia. Amavalvule areka amaraso kuva mu mutima ajya mu mijima, yitwa amavalvule ya pulmonary, ntabwo yateye imbere neza. Amaraso ntashobora kugenda mu nzira isanzwe kugira ngo abone ogisijeni iva mu mijima. Tricuspid atresia. Amavalvule ya tricuspid ntabwo yateye imbere. Ahubwo, hari umubiri ukomeye uri hagati y'icyumba cyo hejuru cy'umutima w'iburyo n'icyumba cyo hasi cy'iburyo. Iki kibazo kigabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso. Gitera icyumba cyo hasi cy'iburyo kudatera imbere. Transposition of the great arteries. Muri iki kibazo gikomeye, gicye cy'umutima kivutse, imitsi ibiri ikomeye iva mu mutima irahinduka, izwi kandi nka transposed. Hari ubwoko bubiri. Complete transposition of the great arteries iboneka ubusanzwe mu gihe cyo gutwita cyangwa vuba nyuma yo kuvuka. Izwi kandi nka dextro-transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA). Levo-transposition of the great arteries (L-TGA) ni gicye. Ibimenyetso bishobora kutagaragara ako kanya. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Igice kinini cy'umutima kirananiwe gushinga neza. Iruhande rw'ibumoso rw'umutima ntabwo rwatere imbere bihagije kugira ngo rutere amaraso ahagije mu mubiri.

Ibibazo byinshi by'umutima wavutse wavukanye biterwa n'impinduka zibaho hakiri kare mu gihe umutima w'umwana urimo gutera imbere mbere y'uko avuka. Impamvu nyamukuru y'ibibazo byinshi by'umutima wavutse wavukanye ntiiramenyekana. Ariko hari ibyago bimwe na bimwe byamaze kumenyekana. Ibyago byo kugira ibibazo by'umutima wavutse wavukanye birimo: Rubella, izwi kandi nka gifuru. Kugira rubella mu gihe cyo gutwita bishobora gutera impinduka mu iterambere ry'umutima w'umwana. Ibizamini by'amaraso bikorwa mbere yo gutwita bishobora kumenya niba ufite ubudahangarwa kuri rubella. Hari urukingo ruhari ku badahangarwa. Diabete. Gukurikirana neza isukari mu maraso mbere yaho no mu gihe cyo gutwita bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kugira ibibazo by'umutima wavutse wavukanye ku mwana. Diabete itera mu gihe cyo gutwita yitwa diabete iterwa no gutwita. Ntabwo muri rusange izamura ibyago by'umwana byo kugira ibibazo by'umutima. Imiti imwe na imwe. Gukoresha imiti imwe na imwe mu gihe cyo gutwita bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima wavutse wavukanye n'ibindi bibazo by'ubuzima bibaho ugiye kuvuka. Imiti ifitanye isano n'ibibazo by'umutima wavutse wavukanye irimo lithium (Lithobid) ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya bipolar na isotretinoin (Claravis, Myorisan, izindi), ikoreshwa mu kuvura acne. Buri gihe ubwira itsinda ry'abaganga bawe imiti ukoresha. Kunywa inzoga mu gihe cyo gutwita. Kunywa inzoga mu gihe cyo gutwita byongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo by'umutima wavutse wavukanye ku mwana. Utabi. Niba unywa itabi, reka. Kunywa itabi mu gihe cyo gutwita byongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo by'umutima wavutse wavukanye ku mwana. Indwara z'umuryango. Ibibazo by'umutima wavutse wavukanye bisa nkaho biri mu miryango, bivuze ko byarazwe. Impinduka mu mimerere y'imisemburo zifitanye isano n'ibibazo by'umutima bibaho ugiye kuvuka. Urugero, abantu bafite syndrome ya Down bakunda kuvuka bafite ibibazo by'umutima.

Ibibazo bishobora kuvuka bitewe n'ubumuga bw'umutima wavutsemo birimo:

Kuvimba kw'umutima. Iki kibazo gikomeye gishobora kugaragara ku bana bafite ubumuga bukomeye bw'umutima wavutsemo. Ibimenyetso byo kuvumba kw'umutima birimo guhumeka cyane, akenshi ugasanga uhumeka cyane, no kudakura neza.

Ikibazo cy'ubwandu bw'igice cy'imbere cy'umutima n'amavavu y'umutima, bita endocarditis. Niba iki kibazo kitavuwe, gishobora kwangiza cyangwa kurimbura amavavu y'umutima cyangwa gutera umwijima. Antibiyotike zishobora kugirwa inama mbere yo kuvura amenyo kugira ngo birinde iki kibazo. Gusuzuma amenyo buri gihe ni ingenzi. Umuhogo n'amenyo byiza bigabanya ibyago bya endocarditis.

Gukubita kw'umutima kudahwitse, bita arrhythmias. Igice cyangiritse cy'umutima giterwa n'ibikorwa byo kuvura ubumuga bw'umutima wavutsemo bishobora gutera impinduka mu buryo umutima utanga ubutumwa. Izo mpinduka zishobora gutera umutima gukubita cyane cyane, buhoro cyane cyangwa kudahwitse. Ububabare bw'umutima butari bwo bushobora gutera umwijima cyangwa urupfu rutunguranye rw'umutima niba bitavuwe.

Gukura buhoro n'iterambere ridafite imbaraga (gutinda kw'iterambere). Abana bafite ubumuga bukomeye bw'umutima bavutsemo bakura buhoro cyane kurusha abana badafite ubumuga bw'umutima. Bashobora kuba bato kurusha abana b'imyaka imwe. Niba sisitemu y'imikorere y'ubwonko yaragizweho ingaruka, umwana ashobora gutinda kwiga kugenda no kuvuga kurusha abana bandi.

Umujinya. Nubwo bidafite akamaro, ubumuga bw'umutima wavutsemo bushobora kureka amaraso ahindagurika anyura mu mutima akajya mu bwonko, akaba ari byo biterwa n'umwijima.

Indwara zo mu mutwe. Bamwe mu bana bafite ubumuga bw'umutima wavutsemo bashobora kugira imihangayiko cyangwa umunaniro bitewe no gutinda kw'iterambere, ibikorwa bigabanyije cyangwa ibibazo byo kwiga. Ganira n'umuganga wita ku mwana wawe niba uhangayikishijwe n'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw'umwana wawe. Ibibazo byo mu mutima bishobora kubaho nyuma y'imyaka myinshi ubumuga bw'umutima buvuriwe.