Ibibazo by'Umutima Wavutse Ufite Amakosa: Ibimenyetso, Intandaro n'Ubuvuzi

Ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa ni ibibazo by'imiterere y'umutima bigaragara mbere y'uko umwana avuka. Ibi bibazo bibaho iyo umutima utubutse neza mu gihe cy'ibyumweru umunani bya mbere byo gutwita, bigira ingaruka ku buryo amaraso aca mu mutima no mu mubiri wose.

Niba uri umubyeyi uhura n'ubu bumenyi, nturi wenyine. Abana bagera kuri umwe kuri 100 bavukana ubwoko bumwe bw'ikibazo cy'umutima, bituma ari kimwe mu bimenyetso byo kuvuka bikunze kugaragara. Inkuru nziza ni uko abana benshi bafite ibibazo by'umutima bavutse bafite ubuzima buzuye, bukora neza, bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa ni iki?

Ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa ni ibibazo by'imiterere y'umutima bibaho kuva ku ivuka. Ijambo "wavutse ufite amakosa" risobanura ikintu wavukanye, kandi ibyo bimenyetso bibaho iyo umutima utubutse neza mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Umutima w'umwana wawe utangira gutubuka hakiri kare mu gihe cyo gutwita, ahagana mu cyumweru cya gatatu. Muri icyo gihe cy'ingenzi, umutima uhinduka uva mu muyoboro usoroma ukajya mu mubiri ugizwe n'ibice bine, amavavu, n'imitsi minini y'amaraso. Rimwe na rimwe uwo mujinya ntukorwa neza.

Ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kuba ibibazo byoroshye bishobora kutazigera bigira ibimenyetso kugeza ku bibazo bikomeye bisaba ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa. Bamwe mu bana bakeneye kubagwa vuba, abandi bashobora kutakeneye ubuvuzi kugeza bakuze, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe batabukeneye na gato.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa?

Ibibazo by'umutima muri rusange bigabanywamo ibice bitatu by'ingenzi hashingiwe ku buryo bigira ingaruka ku nzira y'amaraso. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bice bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza uburwayi bw'umwana wawe.

Imyobo mu mutima ni yo bwoko bugaragara cyane. Ibi birimo:

• Atrial septal defect (ASD) - umwobo uri hagati y'ibice byo hejuru by'umutima
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD) - umwobo uri hagati y'ibice byo hasi
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - iyo umusego w'amaraso ukwiye gufunga nyuma yo kuvuka ugumye ufunguye

Imbaraga z'amaraso zibangamiwe bibaho iyo amavavu y'umutima, imitsi, cyangwa imiyoboro y'amaraso iba yoroheje cyane. Ingero zisanzwe zirimo:

• Pulmonary stenosis - gutoha kwa valve igana mu mwijima
• Aortic stenosis - gutoha kwa valve igana mu mubiri
• Coarctation of the aorta - gutoha kw'umusego mukuru utwara amaraso mu mubiri

Iterambere ritari ryo ry'imitsi y'amaraso ririmo ibibazo bikomeye aho imitsi minini y'amaraso idakora neza. Ibi bishobora kuba imitsi yahindutse, ibuze, cyangwa ihujwe nabi.

Bimwe mu bimenyetso bibi ariko bidafite akaga birimo hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aho uruhande rw'ibumoso rw'umutima rutera imbere nabi, na tetralogy of Fallot, irimo ibibazo bine by'umutima bitandukanye bibaho hamwe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa?

Ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'ubwoko n'uburemere bw'ikibazo cy'umutima. Bamwe mu bana bagaragaza ibimenyetso nyuma yo kuvuka, abandi bashobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso mu mezi cyangwa imyaka.

Mu bana bashya n'abana bato, ushobora kubona ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo cy'umutima:

• Uruhu, iminwa, cyangwa imisumari y'ibara ry'ubururu cyangwa icyatsi (bita cyanose)
• Guhumeka kenshi cyangwa bigoye, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo konsa
• Kudahabwa amabere neza cyangwa gukoresha igihe kinini kurangiza amacupa
• Kugira ibiro bike nubwo bafite amabere ahagije
• Kuruhuka vuba mu gihe cyo konsa cyangwa gukina
• Kunyara cyane, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo konsa

Uko abana bakura, ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo guhumeka vuba mu gihe cyo gukina, kugira imbaraga nke kurusha abana b'abahungu b'imyaka yabo, cyangwa kubyimba mu maguru, mu birenge, cyangwa hafi y'amaso.

Bamwe mu bana bafite ibibazo byoroshye by'umutima bashobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso na gato. Uburwayi bwabo bushobora kuvumburwa gusa mu isuzuma rya buri munsi iyo muganga yumvise ijwi ritari ryo ry'umutima ryitwa murmur.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ibyinshi muri ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kuba bifite izindi ntandaro. Niba ubona ibimenyetso byose, ni byiza kubivugana na muganga w'umwana wawe, ariko gerageza kudahangayika cyane mbere yo gukora isuzuma rikwiye.

Ni iki giterwa n'ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa?

Ibibazo byinshi by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa bibaho nta ntandaro isobanutse, kandi ibi ntabwo ari amakosa yawe. Iterambere ry'umutima rigoye cyane, kandi rimwe na rimwe impinduka nto muri uwo mujinya zigera ku itandukaniro ry'imiterere.

Ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago by'ikibazo cy'umutima, nubwo kugira ibyo byago ntibisobanura ko ikibazo kizabaho:

• Ibintu by'umurage - bimwe mu bibazo by'umutima biragenda mu miryango cyangwa bibaho hamwe n'ibibazo by'umurage nk'indwara ya Down
• Indwara ya nyina mu gihe cyo gutwita, nka rubella cyangwa grippe
• Isuka ry'umubyeyi ritagenzurwa neza mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Imiti imwe na imwe ifatwa mu gihe cyo gutwita
• Imyaka y'umubyeyi irengeje 35
• Kunywa itabi cyangwa inzoga mu gihe cyo gutwita

Ibintu by'ibidukikije nko kwandura imiti runaka cyangwa imirasire bishobora kandi kugira uruhare, nubwo ibi bidafite akaga. Zimwe mu ndwara z'umurage zidafite akaga zifitanye isano n'ubwoko bumwe bw'ibibazo by'umutima.

Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko ababyeyi badatera ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa. Nubwo hariho ibyago, abana benshi bavukana imitima imeze neza. Ibyo bimenyetso bibaho mu byumweru bya mbere byo gutwita, mbere y'uko abagore benshi bamenya ko batwite.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga w'umwana wawe ako kanya niba ubona ibimenyetso bikuhangayikishije. Gira icyizere icyifuzo cyawe nk'umubyeyi - uzi umwana wawe kurusha undi.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba umwana wawe afite iminwa y'ubururu, uruhu, cyangwa imisumari, guhumeka bigoye cyane, cyangwa asa n'ufite intege nke cyangwa adasubiza. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso byerekana ko umutima w'umwana wawe utatwara amaraso neza.

Tegura gahunda isanzwe niba ubona umwana wawe aruhuka vuba kurusha abana bandi, afite ikibazo cyo konsa, ntabona ibiro neza, cyangwa anyara cyane mu bikorwa bisanzwe. Muganga wawe ashobora gutega amatwi umutima w'umwana wawe kandi agasanga hari ibindi bisabwa.

Ibibazo byinshi by'umutima biboneka bwa mbere mu isuzuma rya buri munsi ryo gutwita cyangwa mu isuzuma ry'abana bashya. Niba muganga wawe avuga ko yumvise murmur, ibi ntibisobanura ko hari ikibazo gikomeye - murmurs nyinshi nta cyago ziba zifite kandi ntizerekana indwara y'umutima.

Ni ibihe byago by'ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza, ariko wibuke ko abana benshi bafite ibyago bavukana imitima imeze neza. Ibyago bisobanura ko hari amahirwe make, atari ukuri.

Amateka y'umuryango agira uruhare mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Niba wowe cyangwa uwo mwashakanye wavutse ufite ikibazo cy'umutima, umwana wawe afite ibyago bike. Kimwe n'ibyo, niba umaze kugira umwana ufite ikibazo cy'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa, gutwita gutaha bizagira ibyago bike.

Ibibazo by'ubuzima bw'umubyeyi bishobora kongera ibyago birimo:

• Isuka, cyane cyane niba isukari mu maraso idagenzurwa neza
• Phenylketonuria (PKU) idagenzurwa neza
• Lupus cyangwa izindi ndwara zifitanye isano n'umubiri
• Indwara mu gihe cyo gutwita nka rubella, cytomegalovirus, cyangwa grippe

Ibintu by'imibereho nko kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga, cyangwa gukoresha imiti imwe na imwe mu gihe cyo gutwita bishobora kandi kongera ibyago. Imiti imwe na imwe, irimo imiti imwe yo kuvura acne n'imiti yo kuvura indwara zifata ubwonko, ishobora kuba ifitanye isano n'ibibazo by'umutima.

Imyaka y'umubyeyi irengeje (irengeje 35) n'ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by'umurage nka Down syndrome bifitanye isano n'ibipimo byinshi by'ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa. Ariko kandi, abana bavukana ibibazo by'umutima ku babyeyi b'imyaka yose n'ubuzima bw'ubuzima.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka by'ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa?

Ibibazo bitandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko n'uburemere bw'ikibazo cy'umutima. Abana benshi bafite ibibazo byoroshye babaho ubuzima busanzwe nta kibazo na kimwe.

Ibibazo bikomeye bishobora gutera ibibazo bigenda bigaragara uko igihe kigenda niba bitavuwe:

• Gucika intege kw'umutima, aho umutima udashobora gutwara amaraso neza ngo uhuze n'ibyo umubiri ukeneye
• Gutinda gukura, kuko umubiri ushobora kutahabwa amaraso ahagije yuzuye ogisijeni kugira ngo ukure neza
• Imiterere idasanzwe y'umutima (arrhythmias) ishobora gusaba gukurikirana cyangwa ubuvuzi
• Ibyago byiyongereye by'indwara mu mutima (endocarditis)
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso muri mwijima (pulmonary hypertension)

Bimwe mu bibazo bidafite akaga birimo stroke, cyane cyane mu bimenyetso bikomeye, no gutinda gukura niba ubwonko budahawe ogisijeni ihagije uko igihe kigenda.

Inkuru ishimishije ni uko, hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye, ibyinshi muri ibyo bibazo bishobora kwirindwa cyangwa bigacungwa neza. Gukurikirana buri gihe hamwe na cardiologue yita ku bana bifasha mu kubona ibibazo hakiri kare igihe bishobora kuvurwa.

Ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa bipimwa bite?

Ibibazo byinshi by'umutima bipimwa mbere y'uko umwana avuka mu isuzuma rya buri munsi ryo gutwita, akenshi hagati y'ibyumweru 18 na 22 byo gutwita. Iyo kuvumburwa hakiri kare bituma imiryango igira igihe cyo kwitegura kandi abaganga bategura ubuvuzi bwiza.

Nyuma yo kuvuka, muganga w'umwana wawe azatega amatwi umutima akoresheje stethoscope mu isuzuma rya buri munsi. Ijwi ritari ryo ry'umutima ryitwa murmur rishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere gitera ibindi bipimo.

Niba hari ikibazo cy'umutima cyakekwa, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ibindi bipimo:

• Echocardiogram - ultrasound y'umutima igaragaza imiterere n'imikorere yayo
• Electrocardiogram (EKG) - ipima ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi y'umutima
• Chest X-ray - igaragaza ubunini n'imiterere y'umutima
• Pulse oximetry - ipimira urwego rw'ogisijeni mu maraso

Isuzuma rigoye rishobora kuba cardiac catheterization, aho umuyoboro muto winjizwa mu mitsi y'amaraso kugira ngo ubone amafoto arambuye y'imbere y'umutima. Ibi bikenerwa gusa mu bimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa mu gihe bategura kubagwa.

Umuntu wawe ashobora koherezwa kuri cardiologue yita ku bana, muganga wita ku bibazo by'umutima by'abana. Abo baganga bafite imyitozo ihambaye mu gupima no kuvura ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa.

Ni ubuhe buvuzi bw'ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa?

Ubuvuzi biterwa rwose n'ubwoko n'uburemere bw'ikibazo cy'umutima cy'umwana wawe. Inkuru nziza ni uko abana benshi ntibakenera ubuvuzi na gato kuko ibibazo byabo byoroshye kandi ntibibangamira imikorere isanzwe y'umutima.

Kubimenyetso bisaba ubufasha, uburyo bwo kuvura burimo:

Gutegereza ni uburyo bwa mbere bukunze gukoreshwa ku bimenyetso byoroshye. Cardiologue y'umwana wawe izakurikirana uburwayi hakoreshejwe isuzuma rya buri gihe kugira ngo arebe niba ikibazo gifunga ubwacyo cyangwa kiguma kimeze neza.

Imiti ishobora gufasha gucunga ibimenyetso no gushyigikira imikorere y'umutima. Ibi bishobora kuba imiti ifasha umutima gutera neza, kugenzura umuvuduko w'umutima, cyangwa kwirinda amaraso gukomera.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha catheter butanga uburyo buke butera ubwoba ku bimenyetso bimwe na bimwe. Muri ibyo bikorwa, abaganga bashyiramo imiyoboro mito binyuze mu mitsi y'amaraso kugira ngo basane imyobo cyangwa bagafungura ibice byoroheje nta kubagwa bikomeye.

Kubagwa bishobora kuba bikenewe ku bimenyetso bikomeye. Ubuganga bw'umutima bw'abana bwateye imbere cyane, kandi imirimo myinshi yahoze isa n'idashoboka ubu ni isanzwe. Bamwe mu bana bakeneye kubagwa rimwe, abandi bashobora kuba bakeneye kubagwa inshuro nyinshi uko bakura.

Itsinda ryita ku buvuzi bw'umwana wawe rizakorana nawe kugira ngo rimenye uburyo bwiza. Bazatekereza ku kibazo cyihariye cy'umwana wawe, ubuzima bwose, imyaka, n'ubuzima mu gihe bafata ibyemezo.

Uko watanga ubuvuzi bw'i mu rugo ku bana bafite ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa

Kwita ku mwana ufite ikibazo cy'umutima mu rugo byibanda ku gushyigikira ubuzima bwe bwose no gukurikiza amabwiriza y'itsinda ry'abaganga. Abana benshi bashobora kwitabira ibikorwa bisanzwe by'abana hamwe na bimwe mu bintu bihinduka.

Ibiryo bigira uruhare mu buzima bw'umwana wawe. Bamwe mu bana bafite ibibazo by'umutima bakeneye kalori nyinshi kugira ngo bakure, abandi bashobora kuba bakeneye kugabanya umunyu. Muganga wawe cyangwa umuhanga mu mirire ashobora gutanga amabwiriza yihariye ku byo umwana wawe akeneye.

Uburyo bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri bugomba kuvugwa na cardiologue yawe. Abana benshi bashobora kwitabira imikino isanzwe n'imikino, nubwo bamwe bashobora kuba bakeneye kwirinda ibikorwa bikomeye cyane. Umwana wawe azakunda kwigenga mu byo yumva yishoboye.

Kwiringira indwara ni ingenzi cyane kuko bimwe mu bibazo by'umutima byongera ibyago by'indwara zikomeye. Ibi bisobanura kuguma ufite inkingo, gukora isuku nziza y'intoki, no kwirinda guhura n'abantu barwaye igihe bishoboka.

Reba impinduka mu buzima bw'umwana wawe kandi ubandeke urutonde rw'ibimenyetso kugira ngo ubiganireho na muganga wawe. Ibi bishobora kuba impinduka mu mbaraga, mu kurya, mu buryo bwo guhumeka, cyangwa ibara ry'uruhu.

Ntucikwe no kwita kuri wowe. Kugira umwana ufite ikibazo cy'ubuzima bishobora gutera umunaniro, kandi ni ngombwa gushaka ubufasha igihe ubukeneye.

Uko wakwitegura ku gahunda yawe ya muganga

Kwitegura gahunda hamwe na cardiologue y'umwana wawe bifasha mu kwizera ko uzabona byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe. Andika ibibazo byawe mbere kugira ngo wibuke kubabaza ibyo bikuhangayikishije.

Komeza umubare w'ibimenyetso by'umwana wawe, harimo igihe bibaho, igihe biba, n'icyo bisa n'ikibitera. Andika impinduka mu kurya, mu gusinzira, mu mikorere, cyangwa mu mimerere bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n'ikibazo cy'umutima.

Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose umwana wawe afata, harimo umunaniro n'igihe itangwa. Zana kandi ibisubizo by'ibipimo byabanje cyangwa raporo zivuye ku bandi baganga niba ari uruzinduko rwawe rwa mbere kuri umuganga mushya.

Tegura kuzana undi muntu mukuru muri gahunda, cyane cyane mu gihe muganira ku buryo bwo kuvura cyangwa kubagwa. Kugira abantu babiri bumva bishobora gufasha mu kwibuka amakuru yose akomeye.

Tegura ibisobanuro bikwiye igihe cy'umwana wawe ku bijyanye n'uruzinduko. Abana bakuze bashobora kwifuza kubabaza ibibazo byabo, kandi ni ngombwa ko bumva bafite uruhare mu kwitabwaho kwabo.

Icyo ugomba kwibuka cyane ku bibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa

Ikintu gikomeye cyo kwibuka ni uko ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa ari ibibazo bivurwa cyane, kandi abana benshi bafite ibibazo by'umutima bakura bakabaho ubuzima buzuye, bukora neza. Iterambere mu buvuzi ryahinduye icyerekezo cy'abana bafite ibyo bibazo.

Umuntu wese afite ubuzima bwihariye, kandi gahunda yo kuvura ihuzwa n'ibyo akeneye. Bamwe mu bana bakeneye ubufasha buke, abandi bakeneye kwitabwaho cyane, ariko intego ihora ari iyo gufasha umwana wawe kubaho ubuzima bwiza bushoboka.

Kubaka umubano ukomeye n'itsinda ryita ku buvuzi bw'umwana wawe ni ingenzi. Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kubabaza ibibazo, kwerekana impungenge, cyangwa gushaka ibisobanuro ku kintu udasobanukiwe. Uri umwe mu bagize itsinda ryita ku buvuzi bw'umwana wawe.

Wibuke ko kugira umwana ufite ikibazo cy'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa ntibisobanura ejo hazaza h'umuryango wawe. Hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubufasha, umwana wawe ashobora kwitabira ishuri, imikino, ubucuti, n'ibyishimo byose by'ubwana.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku bibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa

Ese umwana wanjye azashobora gukina imikino afite ikibazo cy'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa?

Abana benshi bafite ibibazo by'umutima bashobora kwitabira imikino n'ibikorwa by'umubiri. Cardiologue y'umwana wawe izapima uburwayi bwihariye kandi itange amabwiriza ku bijyanye n'ibikorwa byizewe. Bamwe mu bana nta mipaka bafite na gato, abandi bashobora kuba bakeneye kwirinda imikino ikomeye cyane. Icyingenzi ni ukubona umwanya ukwiye ufitanye isano n'umwana wawe ukora kandi ameze neza mu gihe akingira umutima we.

Ese ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa bishobora kwirindwa?

Ibibazo byinshi by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa ntibishobora kwirindwa kuko bibaho mu gihe cyo gutwita hakiri kare, akenshi mbere y'uko abagore bamenya ko batwite. Ariko rero, ushobora kugabanya bimwe mu byago binyuze mu gufata acide folique mbere yaho no mu gihe cyo gutwita, gucunga neza isukari, kwirinda inzoga n'itabi, no kuguma ufite inkingo. Kugira ubuvuzi bwiza bwo gutwita bihora ari ingenzi kugira ngo gutwita kumera neza.

Ese umwana wanjye azakenera kubagwa umutima?

Abana bose bafite ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa ntibakenera kubagwa. Ibibazo byinshi byoroshye bisaba gukurikirana gusa, kandi bimwe bifunga ubwabyo uko abana bakura. Kubimenyetso bisaba ubufasha, abaganga ubu bafite uburyo bwinshi harimo uburyo buke butera ubwoba bwo gukoresha catheter. Niba kubagwa byategetswe, ubuganga bw'umutima bw'abana bufite ibyago byiza kandi bukomeza kunoza ibyavuye.

Ese ibi bizagira ingaruka ku gukura no gutera imbere kw'umwana wanjye?

Abana benshi bafite ibibazo by'umutima wavutse ufite amakosa bakura neza, cyane cyane hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye. Bamwe mu bana bashobora gutinda gukura mu ntangiriro, ariko bakunda kugera ku rwego rwiza igihe ikibazo cy'umutima cyakozwe cyangwa kigenzurwa neza. Itsinda ryita ku buvuzi bw'umwana wawe rizakurikirana gukura neza kandi ritange ubufasha niba bikenewe. Abantu bakuru benshi bavutse bafite ibibazo by'umutima babaho ubuzima busanzwe.

Ese nkeneye kubwira ishuri ry'umwana wanjye ku kibazo cy'umutima afite?

Yego, muri rusange ni byiza kubwira ishuri ry'umwana wawe ku kibazo cy'umutima afite. Ibi bifasha abarimu n'abaforomo b'ishuri gusobanukirwa ibyo umwana wawe akeneye kandi bamenye icyo bakwiye kureba. Korana na muganga w'umwana wawe kugira ngo utange ishuri amakuru yumvikana ku bijyanye n'ibikorwa byabuze, imiti, n'uburyo bwo gutabara niba bikenewe.