Ese ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Ese ni indwara zifata ibihaha zituma guhumeka bigorana uko iminsi igenda. Iyo ndwara iterwa ahanini no guhumeka ibyuka cyangwa utubutane bitera uburibwe mu gihe kirekire, ahanini biturutse ku kunywa itabi.

Iyi ndwara itera imbere iza ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi hose, ariko kuyumva neza bishobora kugufasha gucunga ibimenyetso no kugira ubuzima bwiza. Nubwo Ese itera imbere buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi, kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no gukorana n'abaganga bawe bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu buryo wumva buri munsi.

Ese ni iki?

Ese ni izina risobanura indwara zifata ibihaha zibangamira umwuka utembera mu bihaha kandi zigatuma guhumeka bigorana. Ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru ni emphysema na bronchite ikomeye, kandi abantu benshi baba bafite izo ndwara zombi hamwe.

Mu ndwara ya emphysema, utwo tubuto duto two mu bihaha (dwitwa alveoli) turangirika kandi tukabura ubushobozi bwo gusubira mu buryo bwabyo. Tekereza ko ari nk'udufuka duto tudashobora gusubira mu buryo bwabyo nyuma yo kubengerwa. Ibi bituma ibihaha byawe bigorana gusohora umwuka iyo uhumeka.

Bronchite ikomeye ivuga ku kwangirika no kugabanuka kw'inzira z'umwuka zijyana umwuka mu bihaha byawe. Uruhu rw'izo nzira rutanga umusemburo mwinshi, ushobora kubangamira umwuka kandi ugatera uwo kukibuga uhoraho abantu benshi barwaye Ese bagira.

Ijambo “ikomeye” risobanura ko iyi ndwara itera imbere buhoro buhoro kandi ikamara igihe kirekire. “Ibangamira” risobanura inzira z'umwuka zibangamiwe cyangwa zigabanutse bituma bigorana ko umwuka winjira cyangwa usohoka mu bihaha byawe byoroshye.

Ibimenyetso bya Ese ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya Ese bikunze kugaragara buhoro buhoro, bisobanura ko ushobora kutabyibona ako kanya. Ikimenyetso cya mbere gikunze kugaragara ni kukibuga kidashira, cyane cyane niba wari umunywi w'itabi.

Dore ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ushobora kugira:

• Kukibuga kidashira gishobora gutanga umusemburo (sputum)
• Guhumeka bigorana, cyane cyane mu gihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Guhumeka bikorwa n'ijwi ry'uruhurirane cyangwa nk'iry'uruhurirane
• Kubabara mu kifuba cyangwa kumva udahumeka neza
• Kwandura kenshi kw'ubuhumekero nka ibicurane cyangwa grippe
• Kubura imbaraga cyangwa kumva unaniwe kurusha uko bisanzwe
• Kubyimbagira mu birenge, mu maguru cyangwa mu mitsi
• Gutakaza ibiro bitateganijwe mu bihe bya nyuma

Ibi bimenyetso bikunze kuba bibi uko iminsi igenda, kandi ushobora kugira ibihe bita “ibyibasiye” cyangwa “ibyibasiye” aho ibimenyetso bigahita biba bibi cyane. Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi bukwiye bushobora gufasha kugabanya iterambere ryabyo no kunoza uko wumva.

Ubwoko bwa Ese ni ubuhe?

Ese irimo indwara ebyiri zikunze kuba hamwe. Kumenya ubwoko ufite bifasha muganga wawe gutegura gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikubereye.

Bronchite ikomeye igira ingaruka ku nzira z'umwuka (bronchi) zijyana umwuka mu bihaha byawe. Uruhu rw'izo nzira rwibyimba kandi rukaba rukomeye, rutanga umusemburo mwinshi ushobora kubangamira umwuka. Urabona bronchite ikomeye niba ufite kukibuga gitanga umusemburo byibuze amezi atatu mu myaka ibiri yikurikiranya.

Emphysema yangiza utwo tubuto duto two mu bihaha (alveoli) turi ku mpera y'inzira z'umwuka. Izo sacs zibura ubushobozi bwo gusubira mu buryo bwazo kandi ntizishobora kohereza umwuka mu maraso cyangwa gukuraho gaz carbonique. Ibi bituma wumva uhumeka bigoranye, cyane cyane mu gihe ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Abantu benshi barwaye Ese baba bafite bronchite ikomeye na emphysema hamwe. Uburyo izo ndwara zombi zihari zihinduka uko umuntu agenda, niyo mpamvu ibimenyetso byawe na gahunda y'ubuvuzi bishobora kuba bitandukanye n'iby'undi muntu urwaye Ese.

Ese iterwa n'iki?

Impamvu nyamukuru itera Ese ni ukunywa itabi mu gihe kirekire, bigize hafi 85-90% by'ibyago byose. Ibyuka bibangirika biri mu tabi birangiza imyanya y'ibihaha byawe uko iminsi igenda, bigatera kwibyimba no kwangirika.

Ariko kandi, kunywa itabi siyo mpamvu yonyine. Dore izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera Ese:

• Guhumeka itabi ry'abandi mu gihe kirekire
• Kuzunguzwa kw'ikirere biturutse ku modoka, imyanda y'inganda, cyangwa gutwika amavuta
• Umutobe n'ibintu byangiza mu kazi (umutobe w'amakara, silika, cadmium)
• Kuzunguzwa kw'ikirere mu nzu biturutse ku gutwika amavuta yo guteka cyangwa gushyushya
• Kwandura kenshi kw'ubuhumekero mu bwana
• Kubura Alpha-1 antitrypsin (indwara idasanzwe y'umuzuko)

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko hafi 10-15% by'abantu barwaye Ese batanywe itabi. Ibi bikunze kubaho kubera impamvu z'umuzuko, guhumeka ibyuka byangiza, cyangwa kenshi kwandura kw'ibihaha. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya icyaba cyarateye Ese.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Ese?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga niba ufite kukibuga kidashira kidamaranye ibyumweru birenga bike, cyane cyane niba utanga umusemburo cyangwa amaraso. Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite guhumeka bigorana mu bikorwa bya buri munsi bitari bikubangamira mbere.

Tegura gahunda yo kujya kwa muganga niba ubona ibi bimenyetso:

• Kukibuga kidakira nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi
• Guhumeka bigorana mu bikorwa bisanzwe bya buri munsi
• Guhumeka bikorwa n'ijwi ry'uruhurirane cyangwa kubabara mu kifuba
• Kwandura kenshi kw'ubuhumekero
• Kubura imbaraga bigutera imbogamizi mu mirimo yawe ya buri munsi

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga ako kanya niba ufite guhumeka bigoranye cyane, kubabara mu kifuba, gucika intekerezo, cyangwa niba iminwa yawe cyangwa imisumari yawe iba yabaye yera. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ikibazo gikomeye cya Ese gikenera ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa bishobora kugabanya iterambere rya Ese no kugufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza. Ntuzuyaze kuvugana n'abaganga bawe ibyo ukora.

Ibyago bya Ese ni ibihe?

Kumenya ibyago byawe bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kwirinda Ese cyangwa kuyibona hakiri kare. Hari ibyago ushobora kugenzura, ibindi ukaba utabigenzura.

Ibyago bikomeye ushobora kugenzura birimo:

• Kunywa itabi (sigarette, sigare, iduka)
• Guhumeka itabi ry'abandi
• Guhumeka umukungugu, ibyuka cyangwa ibyuka bibangiza mu kazi
• Kuzunguzwa kw'ikirere mu nzu biturutse ku guteka cyangwa gushyushya hifashishijwe amavuta
• Kuzunguzwa kw'ikirere hanze mu bice byuzuye imyanda

Ibyago udashobora guhindura ariko ukwiye kumenya:

• Imyaka (abantu benshi barwaye Ese bafite imyaka 65 cyangwa irenga)
• Igitsina (abagore bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwangirika kw'ibihaha biturutse ku kunywa itabi)
• Umuzuko, cyane cyane kubura Alpha-1 antitrypsin
• Amateka yo kenshi kwandura kw'ubuhumekero mu bwana
• Asthme, cyane cyane niba idavuwe

Kugira ikintu kimwe cyangwa ibyinshi mu byago ntibisobanura ko uzagira Ese, ariko byongera ibyago byawe. Ibyago byinshi ufite, ibyago byawe birushaho kuba byinshi.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Ese ni izihe?

Ese ishobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi, ariko kuzimenya bigufasha gukorana n'abaganga bawe kugira ngo wirinde cyangwa ugenzure ibyo bibazo neza.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ukwiye kumenya harimo:

• Kwandura kw'ubuhumekero (pneumonia, grippe, ibicurane)
• Ibibazo by'umutima, harimo n'ibyago byiyongereye byo kurwara umutima
• Cancer y'ibihaha (ibyago byiyongereye, cyane cyane mu banywi b'itabi)
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu mitsi y'ibihaha (pulmonary hypertension)
• Gucika intekerezo no guhangayika bijyanye no guhumeka bigorana
• Ibibazo byo kurara no kunanirwa

Ingaruka zidafata benshi ariko zikomeye zishobora kuba:

• Ibihaha byuzuye (pneumothorax)
• Gutakaza ibiro bikabije no kubura imbaraga
• Guhumeka kunanirwa bisaba imashini yo guhumeka
• Kunanirirwa kw'umutima wo ku ruhande rw'iburyo (cor pulmonale)

Inkuru nziza ni uko gukurikiza gahunda y'ubuvuzi bwawe, gukomeza gukingirwa indwara, no kugira ubuvuzi buhoraho bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago by'izo ngaruka. Ikipe yawe y'abaganga izakukurikirana hafi kugira ngo ibone ibibazo hakiri kare.

Ese ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda Ese ni ukutatangira kunywa itabi cyangwa guhagarika niba ukinywa. Nubwo waba umaze imyaka myinshi unywa itabi, guhagarika igihe icyo ari cyo cyose bishobora kugabanya kwangirika kw'ibihaha.

Dore ingamba nyamukuru zo kwirinda:

• Ntunywe itabi ryo mu bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose
• Irinde itabi ry'abandi mu rugo rwawe, imodoka yawe, no ku kazi
• Koresha ibikoresho bikwiranye byo kwirinda niba akazi kawe kagushyira mu kaga cyangwa ibyuka bibangiza
• Noza umwuka mu nzu hifashishijwe imashini yo gukurura umwuka n'uburyo bwiza bwo guhumeka
• Kikingirwa indwara ya grippe na pneumonia kugira ngo wirinde kenshi kwandura kw'ubuhumekero
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe kugira ngo ugume ufite ibihaha n'umutima ukomeye

Niba umaze kugira ibimenyetso bya mbere, gufata izi ngamba bishobora kubuza Ese kuba mbi. Vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye na gahunda zo guhagarika kunywa itabi, bishobora kongera inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu amahirwe yo guhagarika neza ugereranije no kugerageza wenyine.

Wibuke ko nta gihe kibi cyo guhindura ibintu byiza ku buzima bw'ibihaha byawe. Nubwo abantu bafite Ese bashobora kunguka cyane muri izi ngamba zo kwirinda.

Ese imenyekana ite?

Kumenya Ese bikunze gutangira muganga wawe akubaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka yo kunywa itabi, no guhumeka ibyuka bibangiza. Azumva ibihaha byawe hifashishijwe stethoscope kandi ashobora kumva uruhurirane cyangwa guhumeka bigabanutse.

Isuzuma nyamukuru ikoreshwa mu kumenya Ese ni spirometry. Iyi isuzuma yo guhumeka yoroshye ipima umwuka ushobora gusohora n'uburyo ubikora vuba. Uzahumeka mu muyoboro ujyanye n'imashini ipima imikorere y'ibihaha byawe.

Isuzuma nyongeza muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka harimo:

• X-ray y'ibifuba kugira ngo habeho gukuraho izindi ndwara no kureba kwangirika kw'ibihaha
• CT scan kugira ngo habeho ishusho irambuye y'ibihaha byawe
• Isuzuma y'amaraso yo mu mitsi kugira ngo habeho kureba urwego rw'umwuka n'amazi ya gaz carbonique
• Urwego rwa Alpha-1 antitrypsin niba Ese iterwa n'umuzuko ikekwerewe
• Isuzuma y'umusemburo kugira ngo habeho kureba kwandura cyangwa kwibyimba

Muganga wawe azasuzumana ubukana bwa Ese akoresheje uburyo bwo kubara. Ibi bifasha mu kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura no kugufasha kumva neza icyiciro cyawe cya none.

Ubuvuzi bwa Ese ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa Ese bugamije kugabanya iterambere ry'indwara, kugabanya ibimenyetso, no kunoza ubuzima bwawe. Nubwo nta muti uraboneka, guhuza neza ubuvuzi bishobora kugufasha kumva neza no gukomeza gukora imyitozo.

Ipfundo ry'ubuvuzi bwa Ese ni guhagarika kunywa itabi niba utarakibikora. Icyo gikorwa kimwe gishobora kugabanya cyane kugabanuka kw'imikorere y'ibihaha no kugabanya ibimenyetso uko iminsi igenda.

Imiti ikunze kuvurwa harimo:

• Bronchodilators (inhalers) kugira ngo zifungure inzira z'umwuka kandi zitume guhumeka biroroshye
• Inhalers zifite corticoïdes kugira ngo zigabanye kwibyimba kw'inzira z'umwuka
• Inhalers zihuriweho zirimo ubwoko bwombi bw'imiti
• Imiti ifatwa mu kanwa mu bihe bikomeye cyangwa ibibasiye
• Antibiotiques mu gihe habayeho kwandura kw'ubuhumekero

Ubuvuzi butari imiti bushobora gufasha:

• Gahunda zo kuvugurura ubuhumure bw'ibihaha zihuza imyitozo ngororamubiri, inyigisho, n'ubufasha
• Ubuvuzi bw'umwuka niba urwego rw'umwuka mu maraso yawe ari hasi
• Kubaga kugabanya umwuka mu bihaha mu bihe bimwe na bimwe
• Gusimbuza ibihaha mu gihe cy'indwara ikomeye

Gahunda y'ubuvuzi bwawe izahuzwa n'ibikenewe byawe kandi ishobora guhinduka uko iminsi igenda uko indwara yawe igenda ihinduka. Gukurikirana buri gihe n'abaganga bawe biragaragaza ko uboneye ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Uko wakwitwara muri Ese iwawe

Kwitwara muri Ese iwawe birimo kurema ibidukikije n'imikorere ishyigikira guhumeka kwawe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Impinduka nto za buri munsi zishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu buryo wumva.

Dore intambwe ushobora gufata:

• Koresha imiti yawe uko yategetswe, naho waba wumva umeze neza
• Komeza urugo rwawe rukeye kandi rudafite umukungugu kugira ngo wirinde ibyuka bibangiza ubuhumure
• Komeza wishire amazi kugira ngo ufashe kugabanya umusemburo no gutuma kukibuga kuba cyiza
• Kora imyitozo yo guhumeka n'ubuhanga bwize mu kuvugurura ubuhumure bw'ibihaha
• Jya wihutira mu bikorwa kandi ufate akaruhuko igihe bikenewe
• Komeza urye indyo nziza kugira ngo ugume ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukomeye
• Rara bihagije kugira ngo ufashe umubiri wawe gusubira mu buzima no gucunga ibimenyetso

Tegura gahunda hamwe na muganga wawe yo gucunga ibibasiye. Ibi bigomba kuba birimo kumenya ibimenyetso bya mbere, kumenya igihe cyo guhindura imiti, no kumenya igihe cyo gushaka ubufasha bw'abaganga.

Tekereza kujya mu itsinda ry'abantu barwaye Ese, haba mu bantu cyangwa kuri internet. Guhuza n'abandi bumva ibibazo byawe bishobora gutanga ubufasha bwo mu mutima n'amabanga yo gucunga buri munsi.

Uko wakwitegura gahunda yawe yo kujya kwa muganga

Kwitwara neza mbere yo kujya kwa muganga bigufasha kugira igihe gihagije cyo kuvugana n'abaganga bawe no kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye bwa Ese.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, kora ibi bikurikira:

• Urutonde rw'ibimenyetso byawe bya none n'igihe byatangiye cyangwa byakomeye
• Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n'ibindi
• Amakuru arambuye ku mateka yawe yo kunywa itabi (igihe watangiye, uko wanywaga, igihe wahagaritse)
• Amateka y'umuryango wawe y'indwara z'ibihaha cyangwa izindi ndwara zifitanye isano
• Ibyo wahumekeye mu kazi cyangwa mu bidukikije
• Ibibazo cyangwa impungenge ushaka kuvuganaho

Komeza kwandika ibimenyetso byawe mu byumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri mbere yo kujya kwa muganga. Andika ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi, ibimenyetso, ikoreshwa ry'imiti, n'ibintu byose bituma guhumeka kwawe kuba byiza cyangwa bibi.

Zana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti ishobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe mu gihe cy'uruzinduko. Ntuzuyaze kubaza ibibazo cyangwa gusaba ko ibintu udasobanukiwe bisobanurwa.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Ese

Ese ni indwara ikomeye ariko ishobora kuvurwa ifata abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi hose. Nubwo ari indwara itera imbere, kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza bishobora kugabanya iterambere ryayo no kugufasha kugira ubuzima bukomeye kandi buhamye.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko ufite ububasha burenze uko ushobora kubitekereza kuri Ese. Guhagarika kunywa itabi, gukurikiza gahunda y'ubuvuzi bwawe, gukomeza gukora imyitozo uko bishoboka, no gukorana n'abaganga bawe bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu bimenyetso byawe no mu buzima bwawe.

Kubana na Ese bisaba impinduka, ariko ntibisobanura guhagarika ibintu ukunda. Abantu benshi barwaye Ese bakomeza gukora, gukora ingendo, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kwitabira ibikorwa bakunda bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubufasha.

Niba ukekako ushobora kuba ufite Ese cyangwa uherutse kubimenya, wibuke ko gufata ingamba hakiri kare biguha amahirwe meza yo kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe n'ubwigenge bwawe mu myaka iri imbere.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri Ese

Urashobora kubana ubuzima busanzwe ufite Ese?

Yego, abantu benshi barwaye Ese babana ubuzima buhamye, bukomeye bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'impinduka mu mibereho. Nubwo ushobora gukenera guhindura ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe no gucunga ibimenyetso, Ese ntigomba kumenya ubuzima bwawe. Gukurikiza gahunda y'ubuvuzi bwawe, gukomeza gukora imyitozo uko bishoboka, no kugira imitekerereze myiza bishobora kugufasha gukomeza kwishimira ibikorwa byinshi ukunda.

Ese Ese ihora iterwa no kunywa itabi?

Oya, nubwo kunywa itabi biterwa hafi 85-90% by'ibyago bya Ese, siyo mpamvu yonyine. Hafi 10-15% by'abantu barwaye Ese ntibanwa itabi. Izindi mpamvu harimo guhumeka ibyuka byangiza mu gihe kirekire, umukungugu n'ibintu byangiza mu kazi, itabi ry'abandi, kenshi kwandura kw'ubuhumekero mu bwana, n'impamvu z'umuzuko nko kubura Alpha-1 antitrypsin.

Ese Ese itera imbere vuba gute?

Iterambere rya Ese rihinduka cyane uko umuntu agenda. Bamwe mu bantu bagira impinduka buhoro buhoro mu myaka myinshi, abandi bagira ibihe by'ituze bikurikirwa no kugabanuka kwihuta. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyagira ingaruka ku iterambere ni ukomeza kunywa itabi. Guhagarika kunywa itabi, gukurikiza gahunda y'ubuvuzi, no kwirinda ibyuka bibangiza bishobora kugabanya cyane iterambere ry'indwara.

Ese Ese itandukaniye he na asthme?

Nubwo izo ndwara zombi zituma guhumeka bigorana, Ese ni indwara itera imbere ikunze kugaragara mu myaka y'ubukure kandi ikunze kuba ifitanye isano no kunywa itabi cyangwa guhumeka ibyuka bibangiza mu gihe kirekire. Asthme ikunze gutangira mu bwana, ibimenyetso bishobora gukira burundu bivuwe, kandi ikunze guterwa na allergie. Ariko kandi, bamwe mu bantu bashobora kugira izo ndwara zombi, bikitwa asthma-COPD overlap syndrome.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya mu bitaro kubera ibimenyetso bya Ese?

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga ako kanya niba ufite guhumeka bigoranye cyane bidakira n'imiti yawe yo gutabara, kubabara mu kifuba, gucika intekerezo cyangwa kugorana gutekereza neza, iminwa cyangwa imisumari yera, cyangwa niba udashobora kuvuga amagambo yuzuye kubera guhumeka bigoranye. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ikibazo gikomeye cya Ese gikenera ubuvuzi bwihuse.