Coronavirus ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Coronavirus ni umuryango mugari w’ibyorezo bishobora gutera indwara zitandukanye, kuva ku ndwara isanzwe y’igicurane kugeza ku ndwara zikomeye z’ubuhumekero. Wenda wumvise iki kimenyetso cyane cyane uvuga kuri COVID-19, ariko virusi za coronavirus zimaze imyaka myinshi zibaho, zikagira ingaruka ku bantu n’inyamaswa.

Izi virusi zifite izina ryazo kubera imiterere yazo isa nk’ikamba iyo urebye muri mikoroskopi. Ibisate biri ku ruhu rwazo bibafasha kwifatanya no kwinjira mu miterere y’ingirabuzimafata z’umuntu, ari na ko ziterwa.

Coronavirus ni iki?

Coronavirus ni itsinda ry’ibyorezo bya RNA bifitanye isano, bigira ingaruka ahanini ku buhumekero bwawe. Abantu benshi bazahura n’ubwoko bumwe bwa coronavirus mu buzima bwabo, bakunze kugira ibimenyetso bisa n’iby’igicurane gisanzwe.

Hari ubwoko bunini bw’ibyorezo bya coronavirus bushobora kwandura abantu. Ine muri byo bisanzwe biterwa n’ibimenyetso byoroheje bisa n’iby’igicurane, mu gihe utundi dutatu dushobora gutera indwara zikomeye. Ubwoko buzwi cyane bw’ibyorezo bikomeye harimo SARS-CoV (ryateye SARS), MERS-CoV (ryateye MERS), na SARS-CoV-2 (ryateye COVID-19).

Ibi byorezo bikwirakwira ahanini binyuze mu matonyanga y’ubuhumekero iyo umuntu wanduye akororoka, agakorora, cyangwa agakubita. Bishobora kandi kuba ku byuma igihe kitandukanye, nubwo ubu buryo bwo kwandura budakunze kubaho.

Ibimenyetso bya Coronavirus ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya coronavirus bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’ubwoko wahuye na bwo n’ubuzima bwawe bwite. Abantu benshi bagira ibimenyetso byoroheje kugeza ku bimenyetso byoroheje bisa n’iby’igicurane gisanzwe cyangwa grippe.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira:

• Umuriro cyangwa guhindagurika kw’ubushyuhe bw’umubiri
• Ukorora (akenshi uwo gukorora utari ukwishima)
• Guhumeka nabi cyangwa kugorana guhumeka
• Umunaniro n’ububabare bw’umubiri
• Kubabara umutwe
• Kubabara mu mazuru
• Amazuru arimo amazi cyangwa afunze
• Kubura uburyohe cyangwa impumuro (cyane cyane kuri COVID-19)
• Isesemi cyangwa kuruka
• Impiswi

Birakwiriye kuzirikana ko bamwe mu bantu, cyane cyane abakingiwe neza kuri COVID-19, bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje cyangwa nta bimenyetso na bimwe. Abandi bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye, cyane cyane niba bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima cyangwa bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke.

Ubwoko bwa Coronavirus ni ubuhe?

Hari ubwoko bunini bw’ibyorezo bya coronavirus bushobora kwandura abantu, kandi gusobanukirwa itandukaniro bishobora kugufasha gushyira impungenge zawe mu buryo.

Ubwoko busanzwe bune busanzwe butera ibimenyetso byoroheje:

• 229E (alpha coronavirus)
• NL63 (alpha coronavirus)
• OC43 (beta coronavirus)
• HKU1 (beta coronavirus)

Ibi bigize hafi 10-30% by’igicurane gisanzwe mu bakuru kandi bisanzwe bikira ukwabyo mu minsi mike kugeza ku cyumweru.

Ubwoko butatu bukomeye harimo:

• SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
• MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)
• SARS-CoV-2 (iterwa na COVID-19)

Nubwo ibi bishobora gutera indwara zikomeye, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko abantu benshi banduye ibyo bwoko bazakira neza bafashijwe neza kandi bakaruhuka.

Intandaro ya Coronavirus ni iki?

Ibyorezo bya coronavirus bibaho iyo ibyo byorezo byinjira mu mubiri wawe kandi bigatangira kwiyongera mu miterere yawe. Ibyorezo bihererekanywa hagati y’abantu binyuze mu nzira nyinshi.

Uburyo nyamukuru coronavirus ikwirakwira ni binyuze mu matonyanga y’ubuhumekero. Iyo umuntu wanduye akororoka, agakorora, aganira, cyangwa akaba ahumeka cyane, arekura amatonyanga mato arimo virusi mu kirere. Niba uhumeka ayo matonyanga cyangwa akagwa mu kanwa kawe, mu mazuru yawe, cyangwa mu maso yawe, ushobora kwandura.

Ushobora kandi kwandura coronavirus ukoze ku byuma bifite virusiho hanyuma ukakora ku maso yawe. Ariko, ubu buryo bwo kwandura binyuze ku byuma buke cyane ugereranyije no guhumeka amatonyanga yanduye ava ku wundi muntu.

Kugirana ikiruhuko cyane n’abanduye ni cyo kintu gikomeye cyane. Ibi bisobanura kuba hafi y’umuntu kugeza kuri metero 2 mu gihe cy’iminota 15 cyangwa irenga, nubwo ibyago nyakuri bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’ibintu nko guhumeka, kwambara agapfukamunwa, n’ubukingire.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Coronavirus?

Ibyorezo byinshi bya coronavirus, harimo n’imibare myinshi ya COVID-19, bishobora kuvurwa murugo ukaruhuka kandi ugafashwa. Ariko, hari ibintu byihariye ukwiye gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba.

Hamagara umuganga wawe niba ufite:

• Gukoma guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Ububabare bw’ibituza cyangwa igitutu kidashira
• Umuriro mwinshi udashira n’imiti yo kuvura
• Kubabara umutwe cyane hamwe no gukomera kw’ijosi
• Gucika intekerezo cyangwa kugorana kuba maso
• Iminwa cyangwa mu maso byera
• Kumara amazi cyane cyangwa kudashaka kunywa amazi

Ugomba kandi kuvugana n’umuganga wawe niba uri mu itsinda ry’abafite ibyago byinshi kandi ukagira ibimenyetso. Ibi birimo abantu barengeje imyaka 65, abafite ibibazo by’ubuzima nk’igisukari cyangwa indwara z’umutima, abagore batwite, cyangwa uwo ari we wese ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke.

Niba utari uhamya niba ibimenyetso byawe bikwiye kuvurwa, ntutinye guhamagara ibiro by’umuganga wawe. Bashobora kugufasha kumenya icyemezo cyiza cyane cyo gufata hashingiwe ku mimerere yawe.

Ibyago byo kwandura Coronavirus ni ibihe?

Nubwo uwo ari we wese ashobora kwandura coronavirus, ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura cyangwa kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kwandura birimo:

• Kugirana ikiruhuko cyane n’abanduye
• Kuba mu ngo cyangwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi
• Kudakoresha agapfukamunwa mu bihe by’ibyago byinshi
• Guhumeka nabi mu nzu
• Kutubaza urukingo (kuri COVID-19)
• Gukora ku byuma byanduye hanyuma ukakora ku maso yawe

Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara bikomeye birimo:

• Kuba ufite imyaka 65 n’irenga
• Ibibazo by’ubuhumekero nk’asthme cyangwa COPD
• Indwara z’umutima cyangwa umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru
• Igisukari
• Kubyibuha
• Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke
• Ibibazo by’impyiko cyangwa umwijima
• Gutwite

Kugira ibyo byago ntibisobanura ko uzahita urwara cyane, ariko bisobanura ko ukwiye kwitwararika cyane kandi ukagenzura ibimenyetso byawe neza niba wanduye.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Coronavirus ni izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bakira ibyorezo bya coronavirus nta ngaruka zirambye, bamwe bashobora kugira ingaruka. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka zikomeye zidafite akamaro, cyane cyane hamwe no kuvurwa neza kwa muganga.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kubaho harimo:

• Pneumonia (indwara y’ibituza)
• Ibyorezo by’ubwandu bwa bakteria
• Kumara amazi kubera umuriro n’amazi make
• Umunaniro urambye cyangwa intege nke
• Ukorora udashira

Ingaruka zikomeye, nubwo zidafite akamaro, zishobora kuba:

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Ibibazo by’umutima cyangwa kubyimbirwa
• Ibisate by’amaraso
• Ibibazo by’impyiko
• Ibimenyetso by’ubwonko
• Ibimenyetso birambye (rimwe na rimwe byitwa "long COVID")

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko hamwe no kuvurwa vuba kwa muganga no kuvurwa neza, ingaruka nyinshi zishobora guhangana neza. Ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi izakukurikirana hafi niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka.

Coronavirus ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Inkuru ishimishije ni uko hari uburyo bwinshi bwiza bwo kwirinda coronavirus no kurinda abandi. Ibyo bintu byo kwirinda byagaragaye ko bigabanya cyane umuvuduko wo kwandura.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda harimo:

• Kwikingiza (cyane cyane kuri COVID-19)
• Kwambara agapfukamunwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi cyangwa mu nzu zifite ibyago byinshi
• Kuguma kure y’abandi aho bishoboka
• Kwoza intoki kenshi n’amazi n’isabune
• Gukoresha isabune yo kwoza intoki iyo udafite isabune
• Kwirinda gukora ku maso yawe ntwoze intoki
• Kuguma murugo iyo utumva neza
• Kugira umwuka mwiza mu nzu
• Kwima ahantu hahurira abantu benshi, ahantu hafunze
• Gusukura no kwanduza ibintu bikunze gukoreshwa

Ibyo bintu bikora neza iyo bikoreshejwe hamwe aho kwishingikiriza ku buryo bumwe gusa. Ndetse n’intambwe zoroshye nko kwoza intoki buri gihe bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura.

Coronavirus imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya coronavirus bisanzwe bikubiyemo guhuza ibimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y’ubuzima, n’ibizamini byihariye bya laboratoire. Umuganga wawe azakuyobora muri uwo muhate niba akekako ushobora kuba ufite coronavirus.

Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe butangira umuganga wawe akubaza ibimenyetso byawe n’aho wahuye n’ibintu mu minsi ishize. Azashaka kumenya igihe ibimenyetso byawe byatangiye, uko bikomeye, niba wahuye n’umuntu warwaye.

Ibizamini bisanzwe byo kuvura harimo:

• Ibizamini bya PCR (byiza cyane, ibisubizo mu minsi 1-3)
• Ibizamini byihuse bya antijeni (ibisubizo byihuse, bigira akamaro gato)
• Ibikoresho byo kwipima murugo (byoroshye ariko bishobora gusaba kwemezwa)
• Ibipimo by’amaraso kugira ngo harebwe antikorps (bigaragaza ko wari waranduye)

Umuganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka amafoto y’ibituza cyangwa izindi shusho niba ufite ibibazo byo guhumeka. Mu bindi bihe, ashobora kukuvura hashingiwe ku bimenyetso gusa, cyane cyane niba ibizamini bitaboneka cyangwa niba wahuye n’umuntu warwaye.

Ubuvuzi bwa Coronavirus ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa coronavirus bugamije gufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya ubwandu mu gihe ugenzura ibimenyetso byawe kugira ngo ugumane amahoro.

Ku bimenyetso byoroheje kugeza kubimenyetso byoroheje, ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo:

• Kuruhukira cyane kugira ngo ufashe ubudahangarwa bwawe
• Kunywa amazi menshi n’amazi, icyayi cy’ibimera, cyangwa amasupu
• Kunywa imiti yo kugabanya umuriro nk’acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen
• Gukoresha imiti yo kuvura ububabare mu mazuru cyangwa amazi ashyushye y’umunyu kugira ngo uvure ububabare mu mazuru
• Gukoresha humidifier kugira ngo ugabanye ukorora no gufunga amazuru
• Kwikurura kugira ngo wirinda gukwirakwiza virusi ku bandi

Ku bimenyetso bikomeye, cyane cyane ibyo bisaba kujya mu bitaro, abaganga bashobora gukoresha:

• Oxygen therapy gufasha guhumeka
• Imiti yo kurwanya virusi (nk’iya Paxlovid kuri COVID-19)
• Steroids kugabanya kubyimbirwa
• Antikorps ya monoclonal (mu bihe bimwe na bimwe)
• Kuvura ingaruka

Umuganga wawe azagena uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe, ubuzima bwawe rusange, n’ibyago byo kurwara bikomeye.

Uko wakwitaho murugo mugihe ufite Coronavirus

Kwita ku bimenyetso bya coronavirus murugo bishobora kugufasha kumva utekanye mu gihe umubiri wawe urwanya ubwandu. Icyingenzi ni ukwita ku kuruhuka, amazi, no kugabanya ibimenyetso mu gihe ugenzura ibimenyetso byose bishobora gusaba ubufasha bw’abaganga.

Dore uko wakwitaho murugo:

Kuruhuka no gukira: Ha umubiri wawe imbaraga ukeneye kurwanya ubwandu binyuze mu kuryama bihagije no kwirinda ibikorwa bikomeye. Tega amatwi umubiri wawe kandi uruhuke iyo unaniwe, nubwo byaba birengeje ubusanzwe.

Kunywa amazi menshi: Nywa amazi menshi umunsi wose. Amazi, icyayi cy’ibimera, amasupu ashyushye, n’ibinyobwa by’amashu bishobora gufasha. Irinde inzoga na kafe nyinshi, kuko bishobora gutera kumara amazi.

Gucunga umuriro n’ububabare: Imiti yo kuvura nk’acetaminophen (Tylenol) cyangwa ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) ishobora gufasha kugabanya umuriro no kugabanya ububabare bw’umubiri. Kurikiza amabwiriza ari ku icupa kandi ntukarenze umwanya ugenerwa.

Kworohereza ibimenyetso by’ubuhumekero: Koresha humidifier cyangwa uhumeke umwuka ushyushye uva mu mvura ishyushye kugira ngo woroshye gufunga amazuru. Amazi ashyushye y’umunyu ashobora guhumuriza ububabare mu mazuru, na honi ishobora guhumuriza ukorora.

Kwikurura kugira ngo urinde abandi: Guma kure y’abagize umuryango wawe n’abaturanyi bawe uko bishoboka kose, cyane cyane mu minsi ya mbere iyo wandura cyane. Kwambara agapfukamunwa iyo ugomba kuba uri kumwe n’abandi.

Uko wakwitegura gusura umuganga wawe

Kwitunganya kugira ngo ujye kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha kubona ubufasha bwiza kandi ntuzibagirwe kuvuga ibintu by’ingenzi ku bimenyetso byawe cyangwa impungenge zawe.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, kora ibi bikurikira:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw’ibimenyetso byawe byose n’igihe byatangiye
• Imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo n’imiti yo kuvura
• Amakuru yerekeye ingendo za vuba aha cyangwa aho wahuye n’abarwayi
• Amateka yawe yo gukingiza, cyane cyane kuri COVID-19
• Ibibazo by’ubuzima ufite
• Ibibazo ushaka kubaza umuganga wawe

Mu gihe cy’isura, vugisha ukuri uko wumva kandi ntugahebuje ibimenyetso byawe. Umuganga wawe akeneye amakuru yuzuye kugira ngo aguhe ubufasha bwiza. Baza igihe ushobora gusubira ku kazi cyangwa mu mirimo yawe isanzwe, kandi menya neza ko usobanukiwe amabwiriza yose yo kuvura.

Niba ufite isura ya terefoni, gerageza ikoranabuhanga ryawe mbere y’igihe kandi ushake ahantu hatuje, hagaragara neza kugira ngo uhamagare. Fata thermometer kugira ngo usuzume ubushyuhe bwawe niba umuganga wawe abisabye.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Coronavirus

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka kuri coronavirus ni uko nubwo ibyo byorezo bishobora kuguha impungenge, abantu benshi bakira neza bafashijwe neza kandi bakaruhuka. Gusobanukirwa amakuru kuri coronavirus bishobora kugufasha gusubiza neza utabyihutiye.

Ibanda ku buryo bwo kwirinda bwemewe nk’ubukingire, isuku nziza, no kuguma murugo iyo urwaye. Niba ufite ibimenyetso, ugenzure neza kandi ntutinye kuvugana n’umuganga wawe niba ufite impungenge cyangwa niba ibimenyetso bikomeye.

Ibuka ko ubumenyi bw’abaganga kuri coronavirus, cyane cyane COVID-19, bukomeza gutera imbere. Gukomeza kumenya amakuru binyuze mu nkomoko zizwi nk’umuganga wawe, CDC, cyangwa ikigo cy’ubuzima cyo mu gace kawe. Hamwe n’amakuru meza n’ingamba zikwiye, ushobora kwirinda wowe n’abakunzi bawe mu gihe ukomeza kubaho.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Coronavirus

Q.1: Coronavirus imara igihe kingana iki?

Abantu benshi bafite ibimenyetso byoroheje bya coronavirus bakira mu minsi 7-10. Ariko, bamwe bashobora kumva bananiwe cyangwa bagira ibimenyetso bidashira ibyumweru byinshi. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa ibibazo by’ubuzima, gukira bishobora gutinda. Ni ngombwa kuruhuka kandi ntukihute gusubira mu mirimo yawe isanzwe kugeza igihe uzaba wumva umeze neza.

Q.2: Ushobora kwandura coronavirus kabiri?

Yego, bishoboka kwandura coronavirus inshuro nyinshi, nubwo kwandura kabiri bidakunze kubaho kandi akenshi biba byoroheje ugereranyije n’ubwandu bwa mbere. Ubudahangarwa bwawe bw’umubiri butanga uburinzi bumwe nyuma y’ubwandu, ariko ubwo burinzi bushobora kugabanuka uko igihe gihita. Urukingo rutanga uburinzi bwiyongereye kandi bushobora gufasha kwirinda kwandura kabiri cyangwa kugabanya uburemere niba bibaye.

Q.3: Umara igihe kingana iki wandura coronavirus?

Abantu benshi bandura cyane mu minsi 2-3 ya mbere y’ibimenyetso, nubwo ushobora gukwirakwiza virusi kuva iminsi 2 mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bitangira kugeza ku minsi 10 nyuma yaho. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, ushobora kuba wandura igihe kirekire. Muri rusange, ushobora guhagarika kwirinda nyuma y’iminsi 5 niba ibimenyetso byawe bigenda bigabanuka kandi nta muriro ufite mu masaha 24.

Q.4: Ni iki gitandukanya coronavirus na grippe?

Coronavirus na grippe zombi ni indwara z’ubuhumekero zifite ibimenyetso bisa nk’umuriro, ukorora, n’ububabare bw’umubiri. Ariko, coronavirus (cyane cyane COVID-19) ikunze gutera kubura uburyohe cyangwa impumuro kandi ishobora gutera ingaruka zitandukanye. Zombi zishobora kuba zikomeye, ariko ziterwa na virusi zitandukanye kandi zishobora gusaba uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura cyangwa kwirinda.

Q.5: Ndakwiye kwipima niba mfite ibimenyetso byoroheje?

Yego, kwipima bisanzwe bisabwa niba ufite ibimenyetso bishobora kuba coronavirus, nubwo byoroheje. Kumenya niba wanduye bigufasha gufata ibyemezo ku kwirinda, kuvura, no kurinda abandi. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kwipima, harimo n’ibikoresho byo kwipima murugo, bishobora gutanga ibisubizo byihuse kandi bikagufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye.