Ese ni Craniopharyngioma? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Craniopharyngioma ni igisebe gito cyo mu bwonko kidakomeretsa, gikorera hafi y'umusemburo wa pituitary, uherereye hasi y'ubwonko bwawe. Nubwo ibi bisebe bidakwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri nk'uko kanseri ikora, bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye bitewe n'aho bikura.

Tekereza kuri gland yawe ya pituitary nk'ikigo gikuru cy'imisemburo y'umubiri wawe. Iyo craniopharyngioma ikura hafi yaho, ishobora gukanda kuri iyi glandu n'ibice by'ubwonko biri hafi, igahagarika imikorere y'ingenzi nko gukura, imikorere y'imisemburo, n'ubuhanga bwo kubona. Ibi bisebe bikunze kwibasira abana bari hagati y'imyaka 5-14 n'abantu bakuru bari hagati y'imyaka 50-74.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya craniopharyngioma?

Ibimenyetso bya craniopharyngioma bigenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro uko igisebe gikura kikagira igitutu ku bice by'ubwonko biri hafi. Ushobora kutamenya ikintu na kimwe mbere, ariko ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara cyane uko igihe gihita.

Kubera ko ibi bisebe bikunze kugira ingaruka kuri gland yawe ya pituitary n'imitsi y'amaso, ibimenyetso byinshi bijyanye no kudahuza kw'imisemburo n'impinduka mu kubona. Dore ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara:

• Ibibazo byo kubona: Kubona nabi, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona ku ruhande, cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri.
• Uburwayi bw'umutwe: Akenshi buhoraho kandi bushobora kuba bubi uko igihe gihita.
• Ibibazo byo gukura mu bana: Gukura buhoro cyane cyangwa gutinda gukura.
• Umunaniro n'intege nke: Kumva unaniwe cyane cyangwa udafite imbaraga.
• Impinduka z'uburemere: Kugira ibiro byiyongereye bitateganijwe cyangwa kugorana kugabanya ibiro.
• Kunywa amazi menshi no kwinjira mu musarani kenshi: Gukenera kunywa amazi menshi no kwinjira mu musarani kenshi ugereranyije n'ibisanzwe.
• Impinduka z'imitekerereze: Kugira agahinda, kurakara, cyangwa impinduka mu mico.
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka: Kugorana gutekereza cyangwa kwibuka ibintu.

Mu bindi bihe, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bitagenda bikunze kugaragara nko kuruka, isereri, cyangwa ibibazo byo kubura umutekano. Ibi bikunze kubaho iyo igisebe gikura kiba kinini bihagije kugira ngo kongere igitutu mu mutwe.

Ni iyihe mitype ya craniopharyngioma?

Abaganga basobanura craniopharyngiomas mu bwoko bubiri bushingiye ku buryo bigaragara munsi y'ikirahure ndetse n'abantu bakunze kubibasirwa. Gusobanukirwa ibi bwoko bifasha itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.

Uruhererekane rwa adamantinomatous rusanzwe mu bana n'urubyiruko. Ibi bisebe bikunze kugira imyanda ya calcium n'udufuka dufite amazi. Bikunze gukomera cyane ku mubiri w'ubwonko, ibyo bishobora gutera imbogamizi mu kubikuramo.

Uruhererekane rwa papillary rubasira ahanini abantu bakuru, cyane cyane abarengeje imyaka 40. Ibi bisebe bikunze kuba bikomeye kandi bidafite udufuka. Bikunze koroherwa gutandukanywa n'imbere y'ubwonko mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi, ibyo bishobora gutera ibyiza.

Uruhererekane rwombi ntabwo ari kanseri, ariko aho ruherereye n'uburyo rwakura bigena uko bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe n'uburyo bwo kuvura bukubereye.

Ni iki gatera craniopharyngioma?

Craniopharyngiomas iterwa n'uturemangingo dushigaje twagombaga kuzimira mu gihe cy'iterambere ryawe mu nda ya nyoko. Ibi biremangingo bisanzwe bifasha mu gushinga igice cya gland yawe ya pituitary hakiri kare mu gihe cyo gutwita, ariko rimwe na rimwe ntibizimira nk'uko bikwiye.

Nyuma y'imyaka cyangwa imyaka myinshi, ibi biremangingo bishigaje bishobora gutangira gukura bikagira igisebe. Uyu mugongo ntabwo uterwa n'icyo wakoze cyangwa utakoreye. Ntabwo bijyanye n'imibereho yawe, indyo yawe, cyangwa ibintu by'ibidukikije.

Ubushakashatsi bwa vuba buheruka kugaragaza ko craniopharyngiomas nyinshi zifite impinduka runaka za gene mu turemangingo tw'igisebe. Ariko, izi mpinduka ziba ku bwinshi kandi ntiziragwa ku babyeyi bawe. Ibi bivuze ko craniopharyngiomas zitagendera mu miryango, kandi ntushobora kuziha abana bawe.

Icyateye ibi biremangingo bisinzira gutangira gukura kiracyari ikibazo. Abahanga bakomeje kwiga iyi ndwara idasanzwe kugira ngo basobanukirwe neza impamvu bamwe mu bantu bagira ibi bisebe abandi ntibabigire.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera craniopharyngioma?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso biramba bidakira uko igihe gihita, cyane cyane impinduka mu kubona cyangwa uburwayi bw'umutwe buhoraho. Kubera ko ibimenyetso bya craniopharyngioma bigaragara buhoro buhoro, biroroshye kubyita nk'umunaniro cyangwa gusaza.

Tegura gahunda vuba niba ubona ibibazo byo kubona nko gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona ku ruhande cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi n'umutekano, cyane cyane mu gihe utwaye imodoka cyangwa ugana ku ndorerwamo.

Ku babyeyi, banza kureba ibimenyetso byerekana ko umwana wabo adakura nk'uko bikwiye cyangwa asa n'aho akura buhoro ugereranyije n'abandi bana. Niba umwana wawe agaragaza uburwayi bw'umutwe kenshi cyangwa agira ibibazo byo kubona, ibyo bisaba ubuvuzi.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba ufite uburwayi bukomeye bw'umutwe buherekejwe no kuruka, gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona, cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mu bwenge. Nubwo bidafite akenshi, ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza igitutu kinini mu bwonko gikenera ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya craniopharyngioma?

Bitandukanye n'izindi ndwara nyinshi, craniopharyngioma ntabwo ifite ibintu bisanzwe byongera ibyago ushobora kugenzura cyangwa guhindura. Ikintu nyamukuru cyongera ibyago ni ubwiza, hamwe n'ibihe bibiri by'ingenzi ibyo bisebe bikunze kugaragara.

Abana bari hagati y'imyaka 5-14 bafite ibyago byinshi, cyane cyane kuri adamantinomatous. Ikindi gihe gikomeye kiba mu bantu bakuru bari hagati y'imyaka 50-74, bakunze kugira papillary.

Nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko amateka y'umuryango, imibereho, ibintu by'ibidukikije, cyangwa ubuvuzi bwakozwe mbere byongera ibyago byo kugira craniopharyngioma. Ibi bishobora guhumuriza, ariko binasobanura ko nta buryo bwo kwitegura cyangwa kwirinda ibi bisebe.

Ariko, abagabo n'abagore baragerwaho kimwe, kandi iyi ndwara iba mu moko yose n'uturere twose. Kubera ko iyi ndwara idasanzwe, ibyago byawe ku giti cyawe biguma hasi uko uri mu kigero cyose.

Ni iyihe ngaruka zishoboka za craniopharyngioma?

Craniopharyngiomas ishobora gutera ingaruka zitandukanye bitewe n'ubunini bwayo, aho iherereye, n'uburyo igira ingaruka ku bice by'ubwonko biri hafi. Ingaruka nyinshi zijyanye n'ingaruka z'igisebe kuri gland yawe ya pituitary n'ibice biri hafi.

Gusobanukirwa izi ngaruka zishoboka bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi n'icyo utegereza mu gihe cyo kuvura:

• Kubura imisemburo: Gland yawe ya pituitary ishobora kudakora imisemburo ihagije yo gukura, imisemburo ya thyroid, cyangwa indi misemburo ikenewe.
• Diabetes insipidus: Kudahuza amazi mu mpiswi, bigatera inyota nyinshi no kwinjira mu musarani kenshi.
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona: Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona, cyane cyane kubona ku ruhande.
• Impinduka mu bwenge: Ibibazo byo kwibuka, kugorana gutekereza, cyangwa impinduka mu mico.
• Ibiro byiyongereye: Kugira ibiro byiyongereye bitewe n'ingaruka ku gice cy'ubwonko kiyobora ubushake bwo kurya.
• Ibibazo byo kuryama: Kuryama nabi cyangwa kunanirwa cyane mu gihe cy'amanywa.
• Hydrocephalus: Kwiyongera kw'amazi mu bwonko niba igisebe kibangamiye isuku y'amazi.

Zimwe mu ngaruka zishobora guterwa n'ubuvuzi ubwo bwite. Ubuvuzi hafi ya pituitary n'ubwonko bufite ibyago, kandi radiotherapy ishobora gutera ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ku gukora kw'imisemburo. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizavuga kuri ibyo byago kandi rizakora kugira ngo bigabanyuke mu gihe bavura igisebe cyawe.

Craniopharyngioma imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya craniopharyngioma bisanzwe bitangira muganga wawe akubaza ibimenyetso byawe akakora isuzuma rusanzwe. Azitaho cyane uburyo ubona, imikorere y'imitsi, n'ibimenyetso by'ibibazo by'imisemburo.

Igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gupima ni magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) y'ubwonko bwawe. Iyi scan igaragaza neza ubunini bw'igisebe, aho iherereye, n'aho ihuriye n'ibice biri hafi. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka CT scan kugira ngo arebe neza imyanda ya calcium mu gisebe.

Ibizamini by'amaraso bifasha kumenya kudahuza kw'imisemburo bigaragaza ibibazo bya pituitary gland. Muganga wawe azareba urwego rw'imisemburo itandukanye irimo imisemburo yo gukura, imisemburo ya thyroid, na cortisol. Ibi bizamini bifasha kumenya uko igisebe kigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya pituitary.

Isuzuma ry'amaso rirahambaye kuko abantu benshi bafite craniopharyngioma bafite ibibazo byo kubona. Umuganga w'amaso azapima ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona kugira ngo arebe neza ibice byo kubona byangiritse. Aya makuru afasha mu gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura no gukurikirana amajyambere yawe.

Ni iki kivura craniopharyngioma?

Kuvura craniopharyngioma bisanzwe bikubiyemo ubuvuzi nk'uburyo bwa mbere, akenshi buhujwe n'ubundi buvuzi. Intego ni ukukuraho igisebe kinini bishoboka mu gihe ubungabunga imikorere y'ubwonko.

Umuganga wawe uzahitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura bushingiye ku bunini bw'igisebe cyawe n'aho iherereye. Ashobora kubaga binyuze mu mazuru (transsphenoidal approach) ku bisebe bito cyangwa binyuze mu cyuho gito mu mutwe (craniotomy) ku bisebe binini. Gukuraho byose ntibishoboka buri gihe utabangamiye ibice by'ubwonko bikomeye.

Radiotherapy ikunze gukurikira ubuvuzi, cyane cyane niba hari igisebe gisigaye. Ubu buryo bugezweho nka stereotactic radiosurgery bushobora kugera ku turemangingo tw'igisebe mu gihe kidakomeretsa imyanya myiza. Ubu buvuzi bushobora guhabwa nyuma y'ubuvuzi cyangwa bugakorerwa nyuma niba igisebe gikura.

Imisemburo yo kuvura ikunze kuba ikenewe mbere na nyuma yo kuvura. Ushobora kuba ukeneye imiti yo kuvura imisemburo ya thyroid, imisemburo yo gukura, cortisol, cyangwa indi misemburo gland yawe ya pituitary itacyakora neza. Iyi miti ifasha gusubiza imikorere isanzwe y'umubiri no kunoza ubuzima bwawe.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo mu gihe cyo kuvura craniopharyngioma

Kwitwara mu rugo mu gihe cyo kuvura craniopharyngioma bikubiyemo gukorana n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga mu gihe ukora impinduka mu mibereho yawe ya buri munsi. Gukoresha imiti yawe uko bikwiye ni intambwe ikomeye ushobora gutera.

Niba ufite ibibazo byo kubona, komeza umutekano w'inzu yawe unoze amatara, ukureho ibintu bishobora gutera impanuka, kandi ukoreshe amabara atandukanye kugira ngo ubone ibintu. Tekereza gukoresha ikiraka cyo gusoma no gusaba abagize umuryango wawe gutangaza izina ryabo mu gihe binjira mu cyumba.

Ku bimenyetso bijyanye n'imisemburo nko kunanirwa, komeza gahunda yo kuryama neza kandi ugabanye ibikorwa byawe umunsi wose. Niba ufite impinduka z'uburemere, korana n'umuhanga mu by'imirire kugira ngo utegure gahunda yo kurya ishyigikira intego zawe z'ubuzima mu gihe uhuza impinduka z'uburyo bwo kurya.

Komeza ibitabo by'ibimenyetso byawe kugira ngo ukureho impinduka mu burwayi bw'umutwe, kubona, imbaraga, n'imitekerereze. Aya makuru afasha itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga guhindura ubuvuzi no kubona impinduka zihangayikishije hakiri kare. Ntuzuza gutinda kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bigaragara.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Mbere yo gusura muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uburyo byahindutse uko igihe gihita. Jya ugaragaza neza ibibazo byo kubona, uburwayi bw'umutwe, n'impinduka zose mu mbaraga zawe, imitekerereze, cyangwa uburemere.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti ukoresha, harimo umubare w'imiti n'igihe uyifata. Kandi uzane inyandiko z'ubuvuzi, ibisubizo by'ibizamini, cyangwa ibyavuye mu isuzuma bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe. Niba wabonye abandi baganga kubera ibyo bimenyetso, uzane izo nyandiko.

Tegura urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubaza muganga wawe. Tekereza kubaza ibyerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura, ingaruka zishoboka, uko ubuzima buzaba bumeze mu gihe kirekire, n'uburyo uburwayi bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi. Ntukabe umuntu w'ikibazo kubaza ibibazo byinshi - itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rishaka ko usobanukirwa neza uburwayi bwawe.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti yawe mu gihe ugiye gusura muganga. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye no gutanga inkunga yo mu mutima. Kugira undi muntu uri aho bishobora kandi gufasha mu gihe muganira ku byemezo bikomeye byo kuvura cyangwa kwibuka amabwiriza nyuma yo gusura muganga.

Icyingenzi kuri craniopharyngioma

Craniopharyngioma ni igisebe gito cyo mu bwonko ariko gishobora kuvurwa, gisaba ubuvuzi bwihariye kandi akenshi ubugenzuzi bw'igihe kirekire. Nubwo kumenya uburwayi bishobora kuba bibi, abantu benshi bafite iyi ndwara bakomeza kubaho neza bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'inkunga.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kuvura hakiri kare n'ubuvuzi bisanzwe bitera ibyiza. Niba ufite ibimenyetso biramba nko guhindura uburyo ubona, uburwayi bw'umutwe, cyangwa ibibazo bijyanye n'imisemburo, ntuzatinda gushaka ubuvuzi.

Kuvura akenshi bikubiyemo ubufatanye bw'abaganga, abaganga b'imisemburo, abaganga b'amaso, n'abandi bahanga mu by'ubuvuzi bakorana. Nubwo ushobora kuba ukeneye kuvurwa imisemburo ihoraho no gukurikiranwa buri gihe, iyi miti ishobora gufasha mu gukemura ibimenyetso byinshi n'ingaruka.

Komeza gufatanya n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga, komeza gahunda yawe yo kuvura, kandi ntutinye kubaza ibibazo cyangwa kuvuga impungenge zawe. Ufite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'inkunga, ushobora guhangana n'iyi ndwara neza kandi ukagira ubuzima bwiza.

Ibibazo byakenshi bibazwa kuri craniopharyngioma

Q1: Ese craniopharyngioma ni kanseri?

Oya, craniopharyngioma si kanseri. Ibi ni ibisebe bitakomeretsa (bitakomeretsa) bidakwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Ariko, bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye bitewe n'aho biherereye hafi y'ibice by'ubwonko bikomeye nka pituitary gland n'imitsi y'amaso.

Q2: Ese craniopharyngioma ishobora gukira burundu?

Abantu benshi bagera ku kugenzura neza craniopharyngioma yabo mu gihe kirekire bafite ubuvuzi, nubwo gukira burundu biterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye. Niba igisebe cyose gishobora gukurwaho neza, amahirwe yo gukira aba ari menshi. Ariko, bamwe bashobora kuba bakeneye ubuvuzi buhoraho no gukurikiranwa na nyuma yo kuvurwa neza.

Q3: Ese nzakenera kuvurwa imisemburo ubuzima bwanjye bwose?

Abantu benshi bafite craniopharyngioma bakenera kuvurwa imisemburo ubuzima bwabo bwose, cyane cyane niba pituitary gland yabo yangiritse cyane. Imisemburo ukeneye iterwa n'imikorere ya pituitary yangiritse. Muganga wawe azakurikirana urwego rw'imisemburo yawe kandi azahindura imiti uko bikenewe.

Q4: Ese nzakenera gukurikiranwa n'abaganga n'ibizamini kenshi gute?

Gahunda yo gukurikirana itandukanye bitewe n'ubuvuzi bwawe n'imiterere yawe. Mu ntangiriro, ushobora kuba ukeneye MRI scans buri mezi 3-6, kandi akenshi bigabanuka uko igihe gihita niba ubuzima bwawe buguma bwiza. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizakomeza gukurikirana urwego rw'imisemburo yawe n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Q5: Ese craniopharyngioma ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwanjye bwo gukora cyangwa gutwara imodoka?

Guhindura uburyo ubona biterwa na craniopharyngioma bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gutwara imodoka neza, cyane cyane niba utakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona ku ruhande. Muganga wawe w'amaso azapima niba ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona buhuye n'ibisabwa mu gutwara imodoka. Abantu benshi bashobora gukomeza gukora bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubufasha mu kazi niba bikenewe.