Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) ni indwara y’ubwonko idasanzwe itera igabanuka ryihuse ry’ubwenge no kubura kwibuka. Iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku turemangingo tw’ubwonko, ituma zisenyuka uko iminsi igenda, bigatuma habaho ibibazo bikomeye by’imikorere y’ubwonko.

Nubwo CJD idaheruka, igira ingaruka ku muntu umwe kuri miliyoni buri mwaka, gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso byayo no kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi. Iyi ndwara ibarizwa mu itsinda ryitwa indwara ziterwa na prion, aho poroteyine idasanzwe yangiza imisemburo y’ubwonko.

Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob ni iki?

Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob ni indwara isenya ubwonko iterwa na poroteyine idasanzwe yitwa prions. Izi poroteyine zidakosoye zikura mu misemburo y’ubwonko, bigatuma uturemangingo tw’ubwonko dupfa kandi bigatuma habaho ibinyamisogwe nk’iby’esponji mu bwonko.

Iyi ndwara itera imbere vuba, ubusanzwe mu mezi aho kuba imyaka. Bitandukanye n’izindi ndwara z’ubwonko ziterera buhoro, CJD itera impinduka zihuse mu kwiyumvisha, kwibuka, no mu bushobozi bw’umubiri, zigaragara mu byumweru cyangwa amezi.

Abantu benshi barwaye CJD babaho hafi umwaka umwe nyuma y’aho ibimenyetso bitangiye, nubwo ibi bishobora guhinduka. Iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku bantu b’ingeri zose, ariko ikunze kuvurwa mu bantu bakuru bari hagati y’imyaka 45 na 75.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob?

Hari ubwoko bune nyamukuru bwa CJD, buri bwoko bufite intandaro n’imiterere bitandukanye. Gusobanukirwa ubwo bwoko bufasha abaganga kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura no kwita ku barwayi.

CJD idasanzwe ni yo yiganje, igize hafi 85% by’ibyangombwa byose. Ubu bwoko bugaragara gitunguranye nta ntandaro izwi cyangwa amateka y’umuryango, ubusanzwe bugira ingaruka ku bantu bari mu myaka 60 na 70.

CJD y’umuryango igize hafi 10-15% by’ibyangombwa kandi iheruka mu miryango kubera impinduka z’imiterere ya gene. Abantu bafite ubu bwoko bakunze kugira ibimenyetso mu myaka mike, rimwe na rimwe mu myaka 40 cyangwa 50.

CJD yakuweho ni ntoya cyane kandi iterwa no kwandura imisemburo yanduye, ubusanzwe binyuze mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi. Ibi birimo ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibikoresho by’abaganga byanduye cyangwa ibihingwa byakuwe ku barwayi.

CJD itandukanye ni yo ntoya cyane, ifitanye isano no kurya inyama z’inka zifite indwara y’inka z’ubwonko. Ubu bwoko busanzwe bugira ingaruka ku bantu bakiri bato kandi bufite ibimenyetso bitandukanye ugereranije n’izindi ndwara za CJD.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by’indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya CJD bikunze kumera nk’ibindi bibazo, bigatuma kuvura bigorana mu ntangiriro. Ushobora kubona impinduka mu kwibuka, kwiyumvisha, cyangwa imyitwarire isa n’iyongera vuba mu byumweru cyangwa amezi.

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bikunze kugaragara birimo:

• Ibibazo byo kwibuka no guhuzagurika
• Gukora nabi imikoranire n’umubiri
• Impinduka mu mico cyangwa imyitwarire
• Ibibazo mu kuvuga cyangwa gushaka amagambo
• Impinduka mu mimerere nk’agahinda cyangwa guhangayika
• Ibibazo by’ububasha bw’amaso cyangwa imikorere y’amaso

Uko indwara itera imbere, ibimenyetso biba bikomeye kandi bishobora kuba birimo gukomera kw’imitsi, imikorere idasanzwe, no kugira ibibazo mu kunywa. Ibi bimenyetso bya nyuma bigaragara kuko ibice byinshi by’ubwonko bigiraho ingaruka uko iminsi igenda.

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibibazo byo gusinzira, guhindagurika kw’imitsi, cyangwa kugira ibibazo mu gukora ibintu byoroshye nk’ugenda cyangwa kurya. Iterambere ryihuse ry’ibi bimenyetso ni ryo rikunda kuburira abaganga ko bakwiye gutekereza kuri CJD nk’ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.

Ni iki giterwa n’indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob?

CJD iterwa na poroteyine idasanzwe yitwa prions ihindura isura kandi yangiza uturemangingo tw’ubwonko. Izi poroteyine zidakosoye zikora nk’icyitegererezo, bituma poroteyine zisanzwe zidakosoye kandi zikwirakwira mu bwonko.

Muri CJD idasanzwe, ubwoko bwiganje, poroteyine za prion zisa n’izidakosoye zidasobanutse nta kintu cyabiteye. Abahanga mu bya siyansi ntibasobanukiwe neza impamvu ibi bibaho, ariko bigaragara ko ari ikintu cyabaye gitunguranye uko abantu bakuze.

CJD y’umuryango itera iyo abantu bagira impinduka z’imiterere ya gene zituma poroteyine zabo zikunda kudakosora. Niba umubyeyi afite imwe muri izo mpinduka, buri mwana afite amahirwe 50% yo kuyakuraho, nubwo atari buri wese uzakuraho gene azagira iyo ndwara.

CJD yakuweho ibaho iyo umuntu yanduye imisemburo yanduye yakuwe ku wundi muntu. Ibi bishobora kubaho binyuze mu bikoresho by’abaganga byanduye, ibihingwa byakuwe ku bandi, cyangwa ubundi buryo bw’ubuvuzi bukoresha imisemburo y’ubwonko cyangwa umugongo.

CJD itandukanye iterwa no kurya ibicuruzwa by’inka zanduye indwara y’inka z’ubwonko (mad cow disease). Prions z’inka zanduye zishobora kwambuka ku bantu kandi zikaba intandaro y’iyi ndwara.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob?

Ukwiye kubona muganga niba ubona impinduka zihuse mu kwibuka, kwiyumvisha, cyangwa imikoranire y’umubiri ikomeza mu byumweru cyangwa amezi. Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba bifite impamvu nyinshi, iterambere ryihuse ni ikimenyetso cy’uburiganya gikenewe kuvurwa.

Suhuza n’umuganga wawe niba ufite impinduka zitunguranye mu mico, kugira ibibazo mu kugumana umubiri cyangwa kugenda, cyangwa ibibazo mu kuvuga byatera imbere vuba. Ibi bimenyetso, cyane cyane iyo bigaragara hamwe, bisaba isuzuma ryihuse.

Niba ufite amateka y’umuryango wa CJD cyangwa ibindi bibazo bifitanye isano, ubwire muganga wawe nubwo ibimenyetso byawe bisa n’ibyoroheje. Isuzuma ryihuse ry’abaganga rishobora gufasha gukuraho izindi ndwara zishobora kuvurwa no gutanga amakuru akomeye ku muryango wawe.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite ibibazo by’amaso, guhindagurika kw’imitsi, cyangwa kugira ibibazo mu kunywa hamwe n’impinduka zo mu bwenge. Iyi mivange y’ibimenyetso isaba isuzuma ryihuse ry’abaganga kugira ngo bamenye icyateye ibyo bibazo n’uburyo bwo kuvura.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara CJD, nubwo iyi ndwara ikomeza kuba idaheruka muri rusange. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha kugirana ibiganiro byumvikana n’umuganga wawe.

Ibintu by’ingenzi byongera ibyago birimo:

• Imyaka - ibimenyetso byinshi bibaho ku bantu barengeje 60
• Amateka y’umuryango wa CJD cyangwa impinduka z’imiterere ya gene bifitanye isano
• Ubuvuzi bwakozwe mbere bukoresha imisemburo y’ubwonko cyangwa umugongo
• Kwandura ibikoresho by’abaganga byanduye
• Amateka yo kwakira ibihingwa byakuwe ku bandi cyangwa imiti imwe n’imwe

Kugira umuntu wo mu muryango ufite CJD y’umuryango bisobanura ko ushobora kuba ufite impinduka z’imiterere ya gene, ariko ibi ntibihamya ko uzagira iyo ndwara. Abantu benshi bafite iyo mpinduka ntibagaragaza ibimenyetso, kandi inama z’abaganga mu bijyanye na gene zishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe byihariye.

Ubuvuzi bwakozwe mbere y’uburyo bwo gukuraho udukoko bugezweho bugira ibyago bike, cyane cyane kubaga ubwonko cyangwa ubuvuzi bukoresha amazi yo mu mugongo. Ariko, uburyo bwo kwirinda ubu buriho muri iki gihe bwakuyemo ibyago muri ibyo bihugu byateye imbere.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka by’indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob?

CJD itera ibibazo bikomeye uko indwara igira ingaruka ku bice byinshi by’ubwonko uko iminsi igenda. Ibi bibazo bigaragara kuko imisemburo y’ubwonko yangirika cyane kandi itacyashobora kugenzura imikorere isanzwe y’umubiri.

Ibibazo bikomeye birimo:

• Kubura burundu ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvisha no kumenya
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kuvuga cyangwa gutanga amakuru
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura imitsi n’imikoranire y’umubiri
• Gukora nabi mu kunywa, bigatuma umuntu apfa cyangwa arwara pneumonia
• Kwandura kubera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bucye
• Ibibazo by’umutima n’ubuhumekero

Abantu benshi barwaye CJD amaherezo bakenera kwitabwaho igihe cyose uko babaye kuko babura ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu byoroshye nk’ukurya, kugenda, cyangwa kumenya abagize umuryango wabo. Iyi ndwara itera imbere mu mezi make.

Intandaro ikunze gutera urupfu muri CJD ni pneumonia, ikunze guterwa no kugira ibibazo mu kunywa cyangwa kuryama igihe kirekire. Ibibazo by’umutima n’izindi ndwara zishobora no kuba intandaro y’urupfu uko indwara itera imbere.

Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya CJD bishobora kuba bigoranye kuko ibimenyetso bya mbere bisa n’ibindi bibazo by’ubwonko. Muganga wawe azatangira akuze amateka yawe y’ubuzima n’isuzuma ry’umubiri, akita ku bimenyetso by’imikorere y’ubwonko n’uburyo byateye imbere vuba.

Ibizamini byinshi bifasha abaganga kuvura, nubwo kuvura neza bikunze gusaba gusuzuma imisemburo y’ubwonko. Ibizamini by’amaraso bishobora kumenya poroteyine zimwe na zimwe zifitanye isano na CJD, mu gihe ibizamini bya gene bishobora kumenya impinduka zifitanye isano n’ubwoko bw’umuryango.

Amashusho y’ubwonko nk’ibizamini bya MRI bishobora kwerekana impinduka zidasanzwe mu misemburo y’ubwonko zerekana CJD. Aya mashusho areba imiterere yihariye y’ibyangiritse ifasha gutandukanya CJD n’izindi ndwara nk’indwara ya Alzheimer cyangwa umutima.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) ipima ibikorwa by’ubwonko kandi ikunze kwerekana imiterere idasanzwe mu bantu barwaye CJD. Gukura amazi yo mu mugongo kugira ngo asuzumwe bishobora kandi gutanga amakuru akomeye ku kuvura.

Rimwe na rimwe abaganga bakora ubuvuzi bwo gukuramo igice gito cy’imisemburo y’ubwonko, aho igice gito cy’imisemburo y’ubwonko gisuzumwa kuri mikoroskopi. Ubu buryo bukorwa gusa iyo kuvura bitaramenyekana kandi amakuru yashobora guhindura cyane imyanzuro yo kuvura.

Ni ubuhe buvuzi bw’indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob?

Kuri ubu, nta muti wa CJD, kandi nta buvuzi bushobora kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika iterambere ry’iyi ndwara. Ariko, ubuvuzi bugamije gucunga ibimenyetso no kugumisha umuntu atekanye uko bishoboka.

Imiti ishobora gufasha kugenzura ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe nk’imikorere idasanzwe y’imitsi, guhangayika, cyangwa ububabare. Imiti igabanya ibibazo by’imitsi ishobora kugabanya imikorere idasanzwe, mu gihe imiti yo kuvura agahinda cyangwa guhangayika ishobora gufasha mu guhindura imimerere no guhangayika.

Ubuvuzi bw’umubiri n’ubuvuzi bw’imirimo isanzwe bishobora gufasha kugumana ubushobozi bw’umubiri n’imikorere igihe kirekire uko bishoboka. Ubu buvuzi bugamije umutekano, kwirinda kugwa, no guhindura aho utuye kugira ngo ibikorwa bya buri munsi birusheho koroherwa.

Uko indwara itera imbere, ubuvuzi buhinduka kugira ngo bufashe umuntu kumera neza kandi yubahewe. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gufasha mu kurya, koga, n’ibindi bikorwa by’umuntu ku giti cye, ndetse no gucunga ububabare n’ibindi bimenyetso bidafuraha.

Ubuvuzi bw’amagambo bushobora gufasha mu gutanga amakuru no kugira ibibazo mu kunywa, mu gihe inkunga y’imirire ihamya ko ubonye imirire ikwiye nubwo kurya bigoye. Imiryango myinshi inafashwa n’inama n’ibigo by’inkunga muri iki gihe gikomeye.

Uko wakwita ku murwayi mu rugo mu gihe arwaye indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Kwita ku murwayi mu rugo muri CJD bigamije umutekano, amahoro, no kugumana ubuzima bwiza igihe kirekire uko bishoboka. Kurema ahantu heza, hamenyerewe bishobora gufasha kugabanya guhuzagurika no guhangayika uko ibimenyetso bigenda bigaragara.

Guhindura ibintu mu rugo biba bikenewe uko ibibazo byo kugumana umubiri n’imikoranire y’umubiri bigenda bigaragara. Ibi birimo gukuraho ibintu bishobora gutera umuntu kugwa, gushyira ibintu byo gufata mu bwiherero, no kugaragaza amatara ahagije mu nzu.

Kugira gahunda ya buri munsi bishobora gufasha kugumana ibintu bisanzwe no kugabanya guhuzagurika. Gahunda zoroheje, zihoraho zo kurya, imiti, n’ibikorwa bikora neza uko ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvisha bugenda bugabanuka.

Abagize umuryango n’abita ku barwayi nabo bakeneye inkunga, kuko kwita ku muntu arwaye CJD bishobora kuba bigoye cyane mu buryo bw’amarangamutima no mu buryo bw’umubiri. Serivisi zo kwita ku barwayi igihe gito, amatsinda y’inkunga, n’inama zishobora gutanga ubufasha bukomeye.

Gutanga amakuru bishobora kuba bigoye uko indwara itera imbere, ariko kugumana amahoro mu buryo bw’umubiri binyuze mu gukora ibintu byoroheje, umuziki w’abantu bamenyereye, cyangwa ahantu heza bishobora kugira akamaro mu guhuza no guhumuriza.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika ibimenyetso byose wabonye, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uburyo byahindutse uko iminsi igenda. Ba uhamya cyane ku matariki n’iterambere ry’ibimenyetso.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose, ibintu byongera imirire, na vitamine ufata. Kandi ushake amakuru yerekeye amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango wawe, cyane cyane abavandimwe bagize indwara yo kubura kwibuka, ibibazo by’imikorere y’imitsi, cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’imikorere y’ubwonko.

Teganya kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti ya hafi ishobora gutanga ibindi bimenyetso ku mpinduka yabonye. Rimwe na rimwe abandi bashobora kubona impinduka utazi.

Tegura ibibazo ku byo witeze, uburyo bwo kuvura, n’ibigo by’inkunga. Andika ibyo mbere kugira ngo utibagiwe ibintu by’ingenzi mu gihe uganira na muganga.

Niba warigeze kuvurwa, cyane cyane ibyakozwe ku bwonko cyangwa umugongo, zana inyandiko cyangwa amakuru arambuye yerekeye ubu buvuzi. Aya makuru ashobora kuba akomeye mu kumenya ibyago byawe.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob ni indwara y’ubwonko idaheruka ariko ikomeye itera imbere vuba kandi kuri ubu nta muti wayo. Nubwo kuvurwa gutya ari ikintu giteye ubwoba, gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byumvikana ku bijyanye no kuvura no kwita ku barwayi.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko utabaye wenyine mu guhangana n’iki kibazo. Abaganga, abakozi b’imibereho myiza, n’ibigo by’inkunga bishobora gutanga ibikoresho n’amabwiriza by’ingenzi mu rugendo rwawe.

Ibanda ku kugumana ubuzima bwiza n’imibanire myiza n’umuryango n’inshuti igihe kirekire uko bishoboka. Abantu benshi barwaye CJD n’imiryango yabo basanga ihumure mu bijyanye n’imyizerere, inama, n’amatsiko yashyiriweho indwara zidaheruka.

Nubwo kuvurwa ari ikintu gikomeye, iterambere mu bijyanye no kwita ku barwayi bivuze ko ibimenyetso bishobora gucungwa neza kurusha mbere. Gukorana n’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe bihamya ko ubonye ubuvuzi n’inkunga byiza.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Ese indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob yandura?

CJD ntiyandura mu buryo busanzwe kandi ntishobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu guhura bisanzwe, inkorora, cyangwa gusangira ibiryo. Ariko, prions itera CJD zishobora kwambuka binyuze mu guhura n’imisemburo y’ubwonko cyangwa umugongo, niyo mpamvu hari ingamba zidasanzwe zifatwa mu bigo by’ubuvuzi. Guhura bisanzwe n’umuntu arwaye CJD nta cyago ku bagize umuryango cyangwa abita ku barwayi.

Ese indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob ishobora kwirindwa?

Uburyo bwinshi bwa CJD ntibushobora kwirindwa kuko bibaho gitunguranye cyangwa bikava mu miryango. Ariko, ushobora kugabanya ibyago bya CJD itandukanye ugatanga ibicuruzwa by’inka bituruka mu bihugu byagize ikibazo cy’indwara y’inka z’ubwonko. Ibigo by’ubuvuzi kuri ubu bikoresha uburyo bwo gukuraho udukoko n’uburyo bwo gusuzuma kugira ngo birinde kwandura binyuze mu buvuzi, bituma CJD yakuweho iba ntoya cyane.

CJD itandukaniye he n’indwara ya Alzheimer?

Nubwo zombi zigira ingaruka ku kwibuka no kwiyumvisha, CJD itera imbere vuba cyane kurusha indwara ya Alzheimer. Ibimenyetso bya CJD bikunze kuba bibi mu mezi, mu gihe Alzheimer itera imbere mu myaka. CJD ikunze gutera guhindagurika kw’imitsi n’ibibazo byo kugumana umubiri hakiri kare mu ndwara, ibi bikaba bidaheruka kubaho muri Alzheimer. Igihe cyo kubaho gisanzwe kiba gito cyane muri CJD.

Ni iki abagize umuryango bakwiye kumenya ku bijyanye no gusuzuma gene kuri CJD?

Gusuzuma gene bishobora kumenya impinduka zifitanye isano na CJD y’umuryango, ariko kugira iyo mpinduka ntibihamya ko uzagira iyo ndwara. Bamwe mu bantu bafite iyo mpinduka ntibagaragaza ibimenyetso, mu gihe abandi bashobora kugira iyo ndwara mu myaka mike. Inyunganizi z’abaganga mbere yo gusuzuma zishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibintu byo gusuzuma no gufata umwanzuro wumvikana ku bijyanye n’uko gusuzuma ari byiza kuri we.

Ese hari ubuvuzi bugeragezwa buri gukorwa kuri CJD?

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bari gusuzuma ubuvuzi butandukanye bushobora kuvura CJD, harimo imiti ishobora kugabanya imiterere ya prion n’uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kurinda uturemangingo tw’ubwonko kwangirika. Nubwo ubu buvuzi bukiri mu igeragezwa kandi butaragaragara ko bugira akamaro, ubushakashatsi bushobora kuba buhari kuri bamwe mu barwayi. Muganga wawe ashobora gutanga amakuru yerekeye ubushakashatsi buriho niba ushobora kwitabira.