Vcjd

Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (KROITS-felt YAH-kobe), izwi kandi nka CJD, ni indwara y'ubwonko idakunze kugaragara itera demantia. Iherereye mu itsinda ry'indwara z'abantu n'inyamaswa zizwi nka prion disorders. Ibimenyetso by'indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob bishobora kumera nk'iby'indwara ya Alzheimer. Ariko indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob isanzwe ikomeza kwiyongera vuba cyane kandi itera urupfu.

Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) yamenyekanye mu bantu benshi mu myaka ya 1990 ubwo bamwe mu bantu bo mu Bwongereza barwaye ubwoko bw'iyo ndwara. Barwaye ubwoko butandukanye bwa CJ, buzwi nka vCJD, nyuma yo kurya inyama z'inka zanduye. Ariko, ubusanzwe, abenshi mu barwaye indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob ntibabifitanye isano no kurya inyama z'inka.

Ubwoko bwose bwa CJD ni bubi ariko ni bworoshye cyane. Abantu bagera kuri 1 kugeza kuri 2 barwaye CJD babarurwa kuri miliyoni imwe y'abantu ku isi buri mwaka. Iyi ndwara ikunda kwibasira abantu bakuze.

Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob irangwa n'impinduka mu bushobozi bwo gutekereza. Ibimenyetso birushaho kuba bibi vuba, akenshi mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bike cyangwa amezi make. Ibimenyetso bya mbere birimo:

• Impinduka mu mico.
• Gutakaza urwibutso.
• Kugabanuka kw'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza.
• Kubura neza kw'amaso cyangwa ubuhumbu.
• Kubura ibitotsi.
• Kugira ibibazo mu guhuza ibikorwa.
• Kugira ibibazo mu kuvuga.
• Kugira ibibazo mu kunywa.
• Imitwaro idakozwe neza, idasanzwe.

Urupfu rusanzwe ruza mu mwaka umwe. Abantu barwaye indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob bakunda gupfa bazize ibibazo by'ubuzima bifitanye isano n'indwara. Bishobora kuba birimo kugira ibibazo mu kunywa, kugwa, ibibazo by'umutima, kunanirwa kw'ibihaha, cyangwa pneumonia cyangwa izindi ndwara zandura.

Mu bantu barwaye CJD ihinduka, impinduka mu bushobozi bwo gutekereza zishobora kugaragara cyane mu ntangiriro z'indwara. Mu bihe byinshi, uburibwe bw'ubwonko butangira nyuma mu ndwara. Ibimenyetso by'uburibwe bw'ubwonko birimo gutakaza ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, gufata ibyemezo no kwibuka.

CJD ihinduka irashisha abantu bakiri bato kurusha CJD. CJD ihinduka isa nkaho imamara amezi 12 kugeza kuri 14.

Ubundi bwoko bwa prion buke cyane bwitwa variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr). Bushobora kumera nk'izindi ndwara zibasira ubwonko. Buteza impinduka mu bushobozi bwo gutekereza n'ibibazo mu kuvuga no gutekereza. Igihe cy'indwara kirekire kurusha izindi ndwara za prion - hafi amezi 24.

Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob n'izindi ndwara zifitanye isano isa nkaho iterwa n'impinduka ku bwoko bw'improtine yitwa prion. Izi mporoteni ubusanzwe zikorerwa mu mubiri. Ariko iyo zihura na prions zandura, zikubana zigahindura ishusho itari isanzwe. Zashobora gukwirakwira zikagira ingaruka ku mirimo y'umubiri.

Mu turere twinshi tw'indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob, impamvu ntazi. Nuko rero ntabwo bishoboka kumenya ibyago. Ariko hari ibintu bike bisa n'ibifitanye isano n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa CJD.

• Imyaka. Indwara ya Sporadic CJD ikunda kugaragara mu gihe umuntu amaze gukura, akenshi afite imyaka hafi 60. Indwara ya Familial CJD itangira hakiri kare gato. Naho indwara ya Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) yagize ingaruka ku bantu bakiri bato cyane, akenshi bafite imyaka 20 gushika kuri 30.
• Uburanga. Abantu bafite indwara ya Familial CJD bafite impinduka mu mbaraga ziterwa n'iyi ndwara. Kugira ngo umwana arwara ubu bwoko bw'indwara, agomba kugira kopi imwe y'ikimenyetso gitera CJD. Iki kimenyetso gishobora guherwa ku mubyeyi umwe. Niba ufite iki kimenyetso, amahirwe yo kukigendera ku bana bawe ni 50%.
• Kuhura n'umubiri wanduye. Abantu bahawe imiti ikuraho ububabare y'abantu banduye bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byo kwandura iatrogenic CJD. Kwakira urugingo rw'umubiri rupfunyika ubwonko, twita dura mater, ruturutse ku muntu urwaye CJD bishobora kandi gushyira umuntu mu kaga ko kwandura iatrogenic CJD.

Ibyago byo kwandura vCJD binyuze mu kurya inyama z'inka zanduye ni bike cyane. Mu bihugu byashyizeho ingamba z'ubuzima rusange zikomeye, ibyago ni hafi ya nta na kimwe. Indwara ya Chronic wasting disease (CWD) ni indwara y'ubwonko iterwa na prion ikwirakwira mu mfizi, mu nyamaswa zimeze nk'inzovu, mu nyamaswa zimeze nk'imbogo ndetse no mu nyamaswa zimeze nk'impongo. Yagaragaye muri zimwe mu gace ka Amerika ya ruguru. Kugeza ubu, nta ndwara y'abantu yabonetse iterwa n'indwara ya Chronic wasting disease (CWD).

Indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwonko n'umubiri. Iyi ndwara isanzwe itera imbere vuba. Uko igihe gihita, abantu barwaye CJD birukana inshuti n'abavandimwe. Nanone babura ubushobozi bwo kwita kuri bo ubwabo. Benshi bagwa muri koma. Iyi ndwara ihora ipfana.

Nta buryo buzwi bwo gukumira CJD idakomoka ku bwandu. Niba ufite amateka y'indwara z'imitekerereze mu muryango wanyu, bishobora kubagirira akamaro kuvugana n'umujyanama mu by'indwara zikomoka ku mbaraga. Umujyanama ashobora kubafasha gusesengura ibyago byanyu.

Ubucukuba bw'ubwonko cyangwa isuzuma ry'umubiri w'ubwonko nyuma y'urupfu, bizwi nka autopsy, ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwemeza uburwayi bwa Creutzfeldt-Jakob, buzwi nka CJD. Ariko abaganga bakunze gupima neza mbere y'urupfu. Bashingiye ibizamini byabo ku mateka yawe y'ubuzima n'ubuzima bwawe bwite, isuzuma ry'imikorere y'ubwonko, ndetse n'ibizamini bimwe na bimwe byo gupima.

Isuzuma ry'imikorere y'ubwonko rishobora kugaragaza indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) niba ufite ibi bikurikira:

Uretse ibyo, abaganga bakoresha ibi bizamini kugira ngo bafashe kubona CJD:

Ibizamini by'amazi ashyira ubwonko. Amazi ashyira ubwonko n'umugongo. Mu kizami cyitwa lumbar puncture, kizwi kandi nka spinal tap, hatwarwa amazi make yo gupima. Iki kizami gishobora guhakana izindi ndwara ziterwa n'ibimenyetso bisa na CJD. Nanone gishobora kubona urwego rw'imisemburo ishobora kugaragaza CJD cyangwa indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD).

Iki kizami gishya cyitwa real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) gishobora kubona imisemburo ya prion itera CJD. Iki kizami gishobora gupima CJD mbere y'urupfu, bitandukanye na autopsy.

• Gukomanga kw'imitsi n'amavunja.

• Impinduka mu mikorere y'imitsi.

• Ibibazo byo guhuza ibikorwa.

• Ibibazo by'amaso.

• Ubuhumyi.

• Electroencephalogram, izwi kandi nka EEG. Iki kizami kipima ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko. Gikorerwa gushyira disiki ntoya zo mu muringa zizwi nka electrodes ku mutwe. Ibyavuye mu kizami cya electroencephalogram (EEG) ku bantu bafite CJD na CJD bigaragaza imiterere idasanzwe.

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Iyi shusho ikoresha amajwi ya radiyo n'ikinyabiziga cya magnetique kugira ngo ikore amashusho y'umutwe n'umubiri. MRI ifasha cyane mu gushaka indwara z'ubwonko. MRI ikora amashusho meza. Abantu bafite CJD bagira impinduka zisanzwe zishobora kuboneka kuri MRI zimwe na zimwe.

• Ibizamini by'amazi ashyira ubwonko. Amazi ashyira ubwonko n'umugongo. Mu kizami cyitwa lumbar puncture, kizwi kandi nka spinal tap, hatwarwa amazi make yo gupima. Iki kizami gishobora guhakana izindi ndwara ziterwa n'ibimenyetso bisa na CJD. Nanone gishobora kubona urwego rw'imisemburo ishobora kugaragaza CJD cyangwa indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD).

  Iki kizami gishya cyitwa real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) gishobora kubona imisemburo ya prion itera CJD. Iki kizami gishobora gupima CJD mbere y'urupfu, bitandukanye na autopsy.

Nta muti ugaragara ufite akamaro mu kurwanya indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob cyangwa ubwoko bwayo ubwo aribwo bwose. Imiti myinshi yarageragejwe ariko ntibyagaragaje akamaro. Abaganga bashinzwe kwita ku buzima bashishikajwe no kugabanya ububabare n'ibindi bimenyetso, no gufasha abarwaye izi ndwara kumererwa neza uko bishoboka kose.