Thrombose Ya Veine Nini (Dvt)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ibaho iyo umuvuduko w'amaraso (thrombus) ubaye mu buryo bumwe cyangwa mu bundi mu mitsi minini y'amaraso mu mubiri, akenshi mu maguru. Deep vein thrombosis ishobora gutera ububabare cyangwa kubyimba mu maguru. Hari igihe nta bimenyetso bigaragara.

Ibimenyetso bya thrombosis ya veine nini (DVT) bishobora kuba birimo:

• Kubyimba kw'amaguru
• Kubabara kw'amaguru, gucika intege cyangwa ububabare, bikunze gutangirira mu gice cyo hasi cy'amaguru
• Guhinduka kw'irangi ry'uruhu ku kaguru — nko kuba umutuku cyangwa umukara, bitewe n'irangi ry'uruhu rwawe
• Kumva ubushyuhe ku kaguru karwaye

Thrombosis ya veine nini ishobora kubaho nta bimenyetso bigaragara.

Niba ugize ibimenyetso bya DVT, hamagara umuvuzi wawe.

Niba ugize ibimenyetso bya embolism ya pulmona (PE) - ingaruka ikomeye ku buzima ya thrombosis y'imitsi minini - shaka ubufasha bw'ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Ibimenyetso byo kwibasirwa na embolism ya pulmona birimo:

• Guhumeka bigoranye k'umugayo
• Kubabara cyangwa kudakorwa neza k'ibituza bikomeza iyo uhumeka cyane cyangwa iyo ukohose
• Kumva utuje cyangwa utuje
• Kugwa igihumure
• Gukubita umutima wihuta
• Guhumeka cyane
• Gukorora amaraso

Ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kibabuza amaraso kugendagenda neza cyangwa gukomera neza gishobora gutera umuvuduko wamaraso.

Intandaro nyamukuru z'indwara y'imijyana y'amaraso mu mitsi minini (DVT) ni ukwangirika kw'umutsi bitewe n'ubugingo cyangwa kubyimba ndetse n'ubwangirike buterwa n'indwara cyangwa imvune.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwibasirwa na thrombosis ya deep vein (DVT). Ibyago byinshi ufite, ni byinshi ibyago byawe byo kwibasirwa na DVT. Ibintu byongera ibyago bya DVT birimo:

• Imyaka. Kuba ushaje kurusha imyaka 60 byongera ibyago bya DVT. Ariko DVT ishobora kubaho mu myaka yose.
• Kubura kw'imigirire. Iyo amaguru adakora igihe kirekire, imikaya yo mu mavi ntiyapfukama (ntiyapfukama). Gupfukama kw'imikaya bifasha amaraso kugenda. Kwica igihe kirekire, nko gutwara imodoka cyangwa kuguruka, byongera ibyago bya DVT. Ni ko no kuruhuka igihe kirekire mu buriri, bishobora guterwa no kurwarira igihe kirekire mu bitaro cyangwa indwara nk'ubumuga.
• Imvune cyangwa kubagwa. Imvune ku mitsi cyangwa kubagwa bishobora kongera ibyago by'amaraso gukomera.
• Gutwita. Gutwita byongera umuvuduko w'amaraso mu mitsi yo mu kibuno no mu maguru. Ibyago by'amaraso gukomera biturutse ku gutwita bishobora gukomeza kugeza ibyumweru bitandatu nyuma y'ivuka ry'umwana. Abantu bafite ikibazo cyo gukomera kw'amaraso cyavukiye mu muryango bari mu kaga cyane.
• Amapasipile yo kuboneza urubyaro (imiti ifatwa mu kanwa) cyangwa imiti isubiza imisemburo. Zombi zishobora kongera ubushobozi bw'amaraso bwo gukomera.
• Kuba uremye cyangwa ukaba ufite umubyibuho ukabije. Kuba uremye byongera umuvuduko w'amaraso mu mitsi yo mu kibuno no mu maguru.
• Kunywa itabi. Kunywa itabi bigira ingaruka ku buryo amaraso agenda n'uko akomera, ibyo bishobora kongera ibyago bya DVT.
• ** Kanseri.** Kanseri zimwe na zimwe zongera ibintu mu maraso bituma amaraso akomera. Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri bumwe na bumwe na bwo bwoyongera ibyago by'amaraso gukomera.
• Gucika intege kw'umutima. Gucika intege kw'umutima byongera ibyago bya DVT na pulmonary embolism. Kubera ko umutima n'ibihaha bidakora neza mu bantu bafite gucika intege kw'umutima, ibimenyetso biterwa n'umwenda muto wa pulmonary embolism biragaragara cyane.
• Indwara y'umwijima. Indwara ya Crohn cyangwa ulcerative colitis byongera ibyago bya DVT.
• Amateka y'umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa mu muryango we ya DVT cyangwa pulmonary embolism (PE). Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe yigeze agira kimwe muri ibi bibazo, ushobora kuba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kwibasirwa na DVT.
• Ubumenyi bw'imyororokere. Bamwe bafite impinduka za ADN zituma amaraso akomera vuba. Urugero ni factor V Leiden. Iyi ndwara ivuka mu muryango ihindura imwe mu bintu bikomera mu maraso. Indwara ivuka mu muryango ku giti cyayo ishobora kutazana amaraso gukomera keretse ihujwe n'ibindi bintu byongera ibyago.

Rimwe na rimwe, amaraso gukomera mu mutsi bishobora kubaho nta kintu cyongera ibyago kizwi. Ibi bita unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Ingaruka za DVT zishobora kuba:

• Ibiheri mu muhoro (PE). PE ni ingaruka ishobora guhitana umuntu ifitanye isano na DVT. Ibaho iyo umuvuduko w'amaraso (thrombus) uri mu kirenge cyangwa ahandi mu mubiri utandukanye ukavamo ukagenda ugafata imiyoboro y'amaraso mu muhoro.

  Fata ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba ufite ibimenyetso bya PE. Bimwe muri byo birimo guhumeka nabi k'umugayo, kubabara mu gituza mu gihe uhumeka cyangwa ugiye gukorora, guhumeka cyane, gutera kw'umutima cyane, kumva ugiye gupfa cyangwa gupfa, no gukorora amaraso.

• Indwara ya Postphlebitic. Gukomeretsa imiyoboro y'amaraso bitewe n'umuvuduko w'amaraso bigabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso mu bice byangiritse. Ibimenyetso birimo kubabara mu kirenge, kubyimbagira mu kirenge, guhinduka kw'irangi ry'uruhu no kubabara kw'uruhu.

• Ingaruka z'ubuvuzi. Imiti igabanya amaraso ikunze gukoreshwa mu kuvura DVT. Umusurire w'amaraso (hemorrhage) ni ingaruka mbi y'imiti igabanya amaraso. Ni ngombwa gukora ibizamini by'amaraso buri gihe mu gihe ufashe imiti igabanya amaraso.

Guhindura imibereho bishobora gufasha kwirinda uburwayi bwa trombose ya veine nini. Gerageza izi ngamba:

• Koresha amaguru yawe. Niba warigeze kubagwa cyangwa ubaye mu buriri, gerageza kugenda vuba bishoboka. Ntugakoreshe amaguru yawe igihe wicaye. Gukora ibyo bishobora kubuza amaraso kugenda. Igihe uri mu rugendo, fata akaruhuko kenshi kugira ngo ukomeze amaguru yawe. Igihe uri mu ndege, hagarara cyangwa ugende rimwe na rimwe. Niba uri mu modoka, emera isaha buri saha hanyuma ugenda. Niba utazi kugenda, komeza imyitozo y'amaguru yo hasi. Uzure kandi umanure ibirenge byawe mugihe ukomeje intoki zawe ku butaka. Hanyuma uzure intoki zawe mugihe ukomeje ibirenge byawe ku butaka.
• Ntukore. Itabi ryongera ibyago bya DVT.
• Genzura ibiro. Gutakaza ibiro ni ikintu gishobora guteza DVT. Imikino ngororamubiri igabanya ibyago byo kugira amaraso akabana. Nk'intego rusange, gerageza byibuze iminota 30 y'imikino ngororamubiri buri munsi. Niba ushaka kugabanya ibiro, kugumana ibiro cyangwa kugera ku ntego runaka z'ubuzima, ukeneye gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyane.

Kugira ngo ubone ibimenyetso bya DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis), umuganga wawe azakora igenzura ry’umubiri kandi akabaza ibibazo bijyanye n’ibimenyetso byawe. Umuganga azareba amaguru kugirango abone ubwibure, ububabare cyangwa impinduka mu ibara ry’uruhu.

Ibiyemezo ufite bigendeye ku buryo umuganga wawe yibwira ko uri mu kaga cyangwa mu kaga gakabije cya DVT.

Ibiyemezo bikoreshwa kugirango ubone cyangwa uhagarike DVT harimo:

• Kugenzura amaraso ya D-dimer. D dimer ni ubwoko bw’umubiri w’amaraso utangwa n’amaraso y’umuvuduko. Abantu benshi bafite DVT ikomeye bafite amaraso y’umuvuduko yiyongereye. Ibiyemezo bigira uruharo runini mu kumenya ko utagira pulmonary embolism (PE).
• Duplex ultrasound. Ibiyemezo bitagira ingaruka bikoresha amajwi kugirango bikore amafoto y’uko amaraso akora mu minyurwa. Ni ibiyemezo bisanzwe byo gusobanura DVT. Kugirango bikore ibiyemezo, umuganga akoresha igikoresho gito gifite amashyi (transducer) ku ruhu rw’umubiri ukenewe. Amajwi y’inyuma ashobora gukorwa mu minsi mike kugirango abone amaraso mashya y’umuvuduko cyangwa kugirango abone niba ayamye ariyo ariyo yiyongereye.
• Venography. Ibiyemezo bikoresha X-rays n’ifoto kugirango bikore ishusho y’iminyurwa mu maguru n’ibirenge. Ifoto iterwa mu minyurwa minini mu ibirenge cyangwa mu mirenge. Ifasha iminyurwa kugaragara neza kuri X-rays. Ibiyemezo bifite ingaruka, kuburyo birarengwa. Ibindi biyemezo, nka ultrasound, birakorwa mbere.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Ibiyemezo bishobora gukorwa kugirango ubone DVT mu minyurwa y’inda (abdomen).

Intego nyamukuru eshatu zo kuvura DVT. Amahitamo yo kuvura DVT arimo:

Imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso. Aya miti, izwi kandi nka anticoagulants, afasha gukumira ko amaraso aterana cyane. Imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso igabanya ibyago byo kurwara izindi mpyiko z'amaraso.

Imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso ishobora kunyobwa, cyangwa gutangwa mu buryo bwa intravenous (IV) cyangwa inshinge munsi y'uruhu. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso ikoreshwa mu kuvura DVT. Hamwe, wowe n'abaganga bawe muzaganirira ku byiza n'ibyago byayo kugira ngo mumenye imiti ikubereye.

Ushobora gukenera gufata imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso igihe kingana n'amezi atatu cyangwa arenga. Ni ngombwa kuyifata ukurikije amabwiriza kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka mbi zikomeye.

Abantu bafata imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso yitwa warfarin (Jantoven) bakeneye gupimwa amaraso buri gihe kugira ngo hagenzurwe urugero rw'imiti mu mubiri. Imiti imwe igabanya ubugari bwamaraso ntikwiye kunyobwa mu gihe cyo gutwita.

Imiti isenya amaraso ateranye (thrombolytics). Aya miti akoreshwa mu bwoko bukomeye bwa DVT cyangwa PE, cyangwa ibindi bitifashe.

Imiti isenya amaraso ateranye itangwa cyangwa binyuze mu muyoboro (catheter) ushyirwa mu maraso ateranye. Ishobora gutera kuva amaraso cyane, bityo ikaba ikoreshwa gusa ku bantu bafite amaraso ateranye cyane.

Udupfukamunwa dukomereza, tuzwi kandi nka support stockings, dukomereza amaguru, bikongerera umuvuduko wamaraso. Umuntu ufite ubumenyi bwo kubishyiraho ashobora kugufasha kubishyiraho.

• Kwirinda ko amaraso aterana cyane.

• Kwirinda ko amaraso ateranye atandukana akagenda ajya mu mpyiko.

• Kugabanya amahirwe yo kurwara indi DVT.

• Imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso. Aya miti, izwi kandi nka anticoagulants, afasha gukumira ko amaraso aterana cyane. Imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso igabanya ibyago byo kurwara izindi mpyiko z'amaraso.

Imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso ishobora kunyobwa, cyangwa gutangwa mu buryo bwa intravenous (IV) cyangwa inshinge munsi y'uruhu. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso ikoreshwa mu kuvura DVT. Hamwe, wowe n'abaganga bawe muzaganirira ku byiza n'ibyago byayo kugira ngo mumenye imiti ikubereye.

Ushobora gukenera gufata imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso igihe kingana n'amezi atatu cyangwa arenga. Ni ngombwa kuyifata ukurikije amabwiriza kugira ngo wirinda ingaruka mbi zikomeye.

Abantu bafata imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso yitwa warfarin (Jantoven) bakeneye gupimwa amaraso buri gihe kugira ngo hagenzurwe urugero rw'imiti mu mubiri. Imiti imwe igabanya ubugari bwamaraso ntikwiye kunyobwa mu gihe cyo gutwita.

• Imiti isenya amaraso ateranye (thrombolytics). Aya miti akoreshwa mu bwoko bukomeye bwa DVT cyangwa PE, cyangwa ibindi bitifashe.

Imiti isenya amaraso ateranye itangwa cyangwa binyuze mu muyoboro (catheter) ushyirwa mu maraso ateranye. Ishobora gutera kuva amaraso cyane, bityo ikaba ikoreshwa gusa ku bantu bafite amaraso ateranye cyane.

• Ibisiba. Niba udashobora gufata imiti igabanya ubugari bwamaraso, hashobora gushyirwa igisiba mu mubiri munini - vena cava - mu nda yawe (igifu). Igisiba cya vena cava kirakumira ko amaraso ateranye atandukana akagenda ajya mu mpyiko.
• Udupfukamunwa dukomereza (compression stockings). Aya dupfukamunwa adasanzwe afasha gukumira ko amaraso aterana mu maguru. Afasha kugabanya kubyimbagira kw'amaguru. Ubishyire ku maguru kuva ku birenge kugera ku mavi. Ku bantu barwaye DVT, ubusanzwe ubishyira ku maguru umunsi wose igihe kingana n'imyaka mike, niba bishoboka.

Nyuma yo kuvurwa indwara ya DVT, komeza ibi bintu kugira ngo ubone uko uyirinda ndetse ugakomeza kwirinda ingaruka cyangwa izindi mpyiko z'amaraso:

• Baza ku biribwa byawe. Ibiribwa birimo vitamine K nyinshi, nka epinari, kale, ibindi bimera bito, na Brussels sprouts, bishobora kubangamira imiti igabanya amaraso ya warfarin.
• Fata imiti nk’uko wabwiwe. Umuvuzi wawe azakubwira igihe uzamara uvurwa. Niba ufashe imiti imwe igabanya amaraso, uzakenera gupimisha amaraso buri gihe kugira ngo urebe neza uko amaraso yawe akora.
• Kwirinda kuva amaraso cyane. Ibi bishobora kuba ingaruka mbi z’imiti igabanya amaraso. Baza umuvuzi wawe ibimenyetso byo kubyirinda. Menya icyo wakora iyo amaraso avuye. Kandi baza umuvuzi wawe niba ufite ibyo ugomba kwirinda gukora. Imvune nto itera ibikomere cyangwa n’agakomere gato bishobora kuba bibi niba ufashe imiti igabanya amaraso.
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Niba wari uri kuryama kubera kubagwa cyangwa izindi mpamvu, uko wakora imyitozo ngororamubiri vuba, ni ko amahirwe yo kwandura indwara y’amaraso agabanuka.
• Kambara amasogisi ashyigikira. Wambare aya kugira ngo wirinde indwara y’amaraso mu birenge niba umuvuzi wawe abikugira inama.