Delirium ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Delirium ni impinduka ikomeye kandi ihuta mu buryo ubwonko bwawe bukora, bigatuma utagishoboye gutekereza neza cyangwa kwibanda. Ni nk’aho ibice by’ubwonko byawe bitakibanye neza, bigatuma bigukomerera kwibanda, kwibuka, cyangwa kumva ibibaho muri wowe.

Iyi ndwara itera vuba, akenshi mu masaha cyangwa iminsi mike, kandi ishobora kuza no kugenda mu gihe cy’umunsi. Nubwo delirium ishobora gutera ubwoba wowe n’abakunzi bawe, ni ingenzi kumenya ko ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi bakira neza iyo impamvu y’ibanze yavuwe.

Delirium ni iki?

Delirium ni indwara ikomeye ariko ikunda kuba igihe gito, igira ingaruka ku buryo ubwonko bwawe butunganya amakuru. Tekereza ko ari uburyo ubwonko bwawe bugaragaza ko bumaze kurengerwa kandi bugerageza gukora imirimo isanzwe.

Bitandukanye n’izindi ndwara z’ubwonko ziterambere buhoro buhoro, delirium itera vuba kandi itera umwijima nk’uwahagaze aho gutekereza bihinduka bidasobanutse kandi bitazunguzungana. Ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwibanda bugabanuka, bigatuma bigukomerera gukurikirana ibiganiro cyangwa kurangiza imirimo yoroshye.

Inkuru nziza ni uko delirium akenshi ishobora kuvurwa iyo abaganga bashoboye kumenya no kuvura icyayiteye. Ariko rero, isaba ubuvuzi bw’ibanze kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi kandi gufasha ubwonko bwawe gusubira mu mimerere yabwo.

Ibimenyetso bya delirium ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya delirium bishobora gutandukana cyane ukurikije umuntu, ariko byose bifite ikimenyetso kimwe cy’ingenzi: bigaragara vuba kandi bikunda guhinduka mu gihe cy’umunsi. Ushobora kumva umeze neza mu gitondo ariko ukaba waripfubye cyane nimugoroba.

Dore ibimenyetso by’ingenzi wowe cyangwa umuryango wawe mushobora kubona:

• Gukomererwa kwibanda cyangwa kuguma wibanda ku biganiro
• Ubwirabura bw’aho uri, igihe, cyangwa abantu bari
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka, cyane cyane ibintu biheruka kuba
• Kudatuza cyangwa guhangayika bidasanzwe
• Kubona cyangwa kumva ibintu bidahari (hallucinations)
• Kwemera ibintu bidahari (delusions)
• Kumva uryamye cyangwa unaniwe bidasanzwe mu gihe cy’umunsi
• Gukomererwa gusinzira nijoro
• Kuvuga mu buryo budasobanutse cyangwa guca iminsi
• Impinduka z’amarangamutima cyangwa gukaza amarangamutima

Rimwe na rimwe delirium ishobora kuba “cecetse”, aho uba uciye bugufi kandi udakira neza aho kuba uhangayitse. Ubu bwoko akenshi burapfobwa kuko budasobanutse, ariko ni bukomeye kandi bukenera ubuvuzi.

Uduce twa delirium ni utuhe?

Abaganga bakunda kumenya ubwoko butatu bw’ingenzi bwa delirium bushingiye ku buryo uba ukora cyangwa utabikora. Gusobanukirwa ubwo bwoko bushobora kugufasha wowe n’umuryango wawe kumenya icyabaye.

Delirium ikora cyane ikugira umuntu udatuza, uhangayitse, kandi rimwe na rimwe ukaba umuntu w’umujinya. Ushobora kuzenguruka, gukurura ibikoresho by’abaganga, cyangwa kurwana n’abakozi b’ubuvuzi cyangwa abagize umuryango.

Delirium idakora cyane igira ingaruka zinyuranye, ikugira umuntu uciye bugufi, uryamye, kandi udakira neza uko bisanzwe. Ubu bwoko “bwacecetse” akenshi bwitiranywa n’agahinda cyangwa umunaniro usanzwe, ibyo bishobora gutinda ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Delirium ivanga ibintu byombi ifatanya uburyo bubiri, aho uhinduka hagati y’igihe cyo guhangayika no gucika bugufi. Ubu bwoko bushobora gutera urujijo cyane imiryango kuko imyitwarire yawe ihinduka cyane mu gihe cy’umunsi.

Impamvu za delirium ni izihe?

Delirium ibaho iyo hari ikintu kibangamiye uburyo ubwonko bwawe busanzwe bukoramo cyangwa imiterere y’amaraso. Tekereza ko ubwonko bwawe ari moteri yoroshye isaba lisansi n’imiterere ikwiye kugira ngo ikore neza.

Hari ibintu byinshi bisanzwe bishobora guhungabanya ubu buryo buto:

• Indwara zandura, cyane cyane iz’inzira z’umuyoboro w’inkari, pneumonia, cyangwa sepsis
• Ingaruka mbi z’imiti cyangwa imiti ivangwa
• Kuma cyangwa kubura umunyu mu mubiri
• Kubagwa, cyane cyane ibibazo bisaba anesthésie rusange
• Kubabara cyane cyangwa kudatuza
• Kureka inzoga cyangwa ibibazo byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge
• Kudasinzira iminsi myinshi
• Isuka ry’isukari mu maraso cyangwa ibindi bibazo byo mu mubiri
• Ibibazo by’umutima cyangwa ibihaha bigabanya ogisijeni igera mu bwonko
• Impinduka zitunguranye mu midugudu isanzwe, nko kujya mu bitaro

Rimwe na rimwe, ibintu byinshi bifatanya kugira ngo bitere delirium. Urugero, ushobora kugira indwara yoroheje itazagira ingaruka, ariko ifatanije no gukama no gufata imiti mishya, bihagije kugira ngo birengere ubushobozi bw’ubwonko bwawe bwo kwihangana.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, delirium ishobora guterwa n’ibibazo by’ubwonko, imvune zikomeye z’umutwe, cyangwa indwara z’umubiri zibangamira ubwonko. Ibi bibazo bisaba ubuvuzi bwihariye n’igihe kirekire cyo gukira.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera delirium?

Ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ibanze niba wowe cyangwa umuntu umuzi yagize ubwirabura butunguranye cyangwa impinduka mu bushobozi bwo gutekereza. Delirium ihora ari ubuvuzi bw’ibanze kuko igaragaza ko hari ikintu gikomeye kibangamiye ubwonko.

Hamagara 911 cyangwa ujye mu bitaro byihuse niba ubona ibi bimenyetso by’ubwenge bikomeye mu masaha cyangwa iminsi mike. Ntugatege amatwi ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ubwabyo, kuko delirium isanzwe ikomeza kuba mbi idavuwe.

Witondere cyane niba umuntu ubwirabura afite umuriro, gukomererwa guhumeka, gukama cyane, cyangwa asa n’aho ari mu kaga gakomeye. Ibi bintu bifatanije bigaragaza indwara zikomeye zikenera ubufasha bw’ibanze.

Ndetse n’ibimenyetso bisa n’ibyoroheje, ni byiza ko abaganga bareba uko ibintu bimeze. Ubuvuzi bw’ibanze akenshi butuma hakira vuba kandi birinda ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho iyo delirium idavuwe.

Ibyago bya delirium ni ibihe?

Nubwo delirium ishobora kugera kuri buri wese, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigira ingaruka ku bantu bamwe na bamwe kugira iyi ndwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe bishobora kugufasha wowe n’itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi gufata ingamba zo kwirinda.

Imyaka ni yo kintu gikomeye cyane cy’ibyago, abantu barengeje imyaka 65 bakaba bafite ibyago byinshi. Uko dukera, ubwonko bwacu burakomera mu gihe cy’umunaniro, indwara zandura, n’impinduka z’imiti zishobora kudakora ku bantu bakiri bato.

Dore ibindi bintu byongera ibyago byawe:

• Dementia cyangwa izindi ndwara z’ubwonko
• Ibihe byabanje bya delirium
• Indwara nyinshi z’ubuzima
• Guta imiti myinshi, cyane cyane imiti yo gusinzira cyangwa imiti yo kugabanya ububabare
• Kubagwa vuba cyangwa indwara ikomeye
• Ibibazo byo kumva cyangwa kubona bigatuma bigukomerera kuguma uzi aho uri
• Imvura mbi cyangwa kugira ibiro bike
• Amateka yo kunywa inzoga cyangwa gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge
• Kuba mu nzu y’abasaza cyangwa ikigo cyita ku bantu bakuze
• Agahinda cyangwa kuba wenyine

Kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira delirium, ariko bisobanura ko wowe n’abaganga bawe mukwiye kuba maso cyane mu bihe by’indwara cyangwa umunaniro. Ibitaro byinshi ubu bipima abarwayi bafite ibyago byinshi buri gihe kugira ngo bafate delirium hakiri kare.

Ingaruka zishoboka za delirium ni izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bakira neza delirium, kuyireka idavuwe bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe n’ubwigenge bwawe. Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ukubona ubuvuzi bukwiye igihe ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Dore ingaruka zishobora kubaho niba delirium idagenzurwa neza:

• Igihe kirekire cyo kurwarira mu bitaro no gukira indwara bitinze
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kugwa no gukomereka kubera ubwirabura
• Gukomererwa kurya cyangwa gufata imiti neza
• Pneumonia yo guhumeka ibiryo cyangwa amazi nabi
• Ibisigo by’amaraso kubera kuryama cyangwa kudakora
• Ibibyimba by’umubiri kubera kuguma mu mwanya umwe igihe kirekire
• Ibibazo byo gutekereza bikomeza, cyane cyane mu bantu bakuze
• Kugira ubuvuzi bw’igihe kirekire cyangwa ubufasha mu mirimo ya buri munsi
• Ibyago byiyongereye byo kugira dementia nyuma yaho
• Urubabaro rw’amarangamutima ku barwayi n’imiryango

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, delirium ikomeye ishobora gutera koma cyangwa gutera ibibazo by’ubwonko bidakira, cyane cyane iyo iterwa n’indwara zikomeye cyangwa gukama cyane. Niyo mpamvu ubuvuzi bw’ibanze bukomeye cyane.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi bukwiye bigabanya cyane ibyo byago kandi bifasha abantu benshi gusubira mu mimerere yabo isanzwe mu minsi cyangwa mu byumweru.

Delirium ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda delirium yose, hari intambwe ushobora gufata kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byawe, cyane cyane niba uri mu bitaro cyangwa ufite indwara ikomeye.

Kuguma wisutse no kugira imirire myiza bitanga ubwonko bwawe lisansi ikenewe kugira ngo bukore neza. Kora uko ushoboye kunywa amazi ahagije no kurya ibiryo bisanzwe, n’ubwo utabishaka.

Dore izindi ngamba zo kwirinda zishobora kugufasha:

• Kugira gahunda yo gusinzira isanzwe no kuruhuka bihagije
• Kuguma ukora uko ushoboye mu bushobozi bwawe
• Koresha ibyuma byo kubona cyangwa kumva niba ubikeneye
• Kubaza ibyerekeye isuzuma ry’imiti kugira ngo ugabanye imiti idakenewe
• Kugabanya ububabare neza ariko wirinda imiti yo kugabanya ububabare
• Kuguma ufite umubano n’umuryango n’inshuti kugira ngo ubone imbaraga zo mu mutwe
• Kuguma ufite ibintu byawe hafi iyo uri ahantu utazi
• Kuvura indwara zandura vuba kandi neza
• Kwirinda inzoga, cyane cyane niba ufashe imiti
• Kumenyesha abaganga imiti yose n’ibindi byongerwamo ufashe

Niba ugiye kubagwa, ganira n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga ku ngamba zo kwirinda delirium. Ibitaro byinshi ubu bifite amabwiriza yihariye yo kugabanya ibyago bya delirium mu barwayi bafite ibyago.

Delirium imenyekanwa ite?

Abaganga bamenya delirium ahanini binyuze mu kureba neza no kuganira nawe n’umuryango wawe. Nta kizami kimwe gishobora kumenya delirium, bityo abaganga bishingira ku kumenya ibimenyetso byayo.

Muganga wawe azakubaza igihe ubwirabura bwatangiye, uburyo bwatangiye vuba, niba ibimenyetso bije kandi bigenda mu gihe cy’umunsi. Azakumenyesha kandi ibyerekeye indwara za vuba, imiti, cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mu buzima.

Isuzuma ry’ubuvuzi risanzwe ririmo ibice byinshi. Ubwa mbere, muganga wawe azakora ibizamini byo gutekereza kugira ngo arebe uburyo wibanda, kwibuka, n’uburyo bwawe bwo gutekereza. Ibyo bishobora kuba ibibazo byoroshye ku itariki, aho uri, cyangwa kukubaza gusubira inyuma imibare.

Isuzuma ry’umubiri n’ibizamini by’ubuvuzi bifasha kumenya impamvu z’ibanze. Muganga wawe ashobora kureba amaraso yawe kugira ngo arebe niba hari indwara zandura, gukama, cyangwa kubura umunyu mu mubiri bishobora kuba bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubwonko bwawe.

Rimwe na rimwe, amashusho y’ubwonko nka CT cyangwa MRI scans akenewe kugira ngo habeho kwirinda ibibazo by’ubwonko, ibibyimba, cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’imiterere. Ariko, ibyo bizamini bisanzwe biba bisanzwe muri delirium iterwa n’indwara zandura cyangwa ingaruka z’imiti.

Ubuvuzi bwa delirium ni buhe?

Igice cy’ingenzi cyo kuvura delirium ni ukubona no kuvura icyayiteye. Iyo abaganga bakosoye ikibazo cy’ibanze, ubwonko bwawe bushobora gusubira mu mikorere isanzwe.

Ubuvuzi bwibanda ku bice by’ingenzi bikorera hamwe. Ubuvuzi bw’abaganga buvura impamvu y’ibanze, uko ari ko kose, niba ari antibiotique yo kuvura indwara zandura, amazi yo mu mubiri yo kuvura gukama, cyangwa guhindura imiti ishobora kuba itera ibibazo.

Impinduka z’ibidukikije zifasha kugabanya urujijo n’umunaniro. Ibyo birimo kugumisha ibyumba byose byumucyo mu gihe cy’umunsi, kugumisha utuze mu gihe cyo gusinzira, no kugira abantu bamenyereye hafi igihe bishoboka.

Dore ibyo gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa ishobora kuba irimo:

• Kuvura indwara zandura hifashishijwe antibiotique ikwiye
• Kuvura gukama no kubura umunyu mu mubiri
• Kureba no guhindura imiti yose
• Kugabanya ububabare neza ariko witonze
• Kugira imirire myiza n’amazi ahagije
• Guteza imbere imikorere isanzwe yo gusinzira
• Gutanga ubufasha bworoshye no guhumuriza
• Kugukingira kugwa cyangwa kwibabaza
• Koresha imiti yo gusinzira gusa iyo ari ngombwa
• Gushishikariza umuryango kugira uruhare mu kwita ku barwayi

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukana bitewe n’impamvu n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, ariko abantu benshi batangira kumva bameze neza mu masaha 24-48 ubuvuzi butangiye. Gukira burundu bishobora gufata iminsi kugeza ku byumweru, cyane cyane mu bantu bakuze cyangwa abafite ibibazo byinshi by’ubuzima.

Uburyo bwo gucunga delirium murugo?

Ubuvuzi bwa delirium bwinshi bukorerwa mu bitaro cyangwa ibigo by’ubuvuzi, ariko hari ibintu by’ingenzi imiryango ishobora gukora kugira ngo ishyigikire gukira no kwirinda ingaruka mbi. Uruhare rwawe nk’umurinzi ni ingenzi muri iki gihe cy’akaga.

Kurema ibidukikije bituje, byo guhumuriza bifasha kugabanya umunaniro n’urujijo. Gumisha icyumba cyose cyumucyo mu gihe cy’umunsi kandi cyuzuye nijoro kugira ngo ufashe gusubiza imikorere isanzwe yo gusinzira.

Dore uburyo ushobora gufasha mu gihe cyo gukira:

• Kuguma uri kumwe n’uwo muntu uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo umuhumurize
• Kuvuga buhoro buhoro kandi neza, ukoresheje imirongo yoroshye
• Kumwibutsa buhoro buhoro itariki, igihe, n’aho uri
• Kugumisha ibintu byawe hafi nka amafoto cyangwa ibintu ukunda
• Gushishikariza kurya ibiryo bisanzwe no kunywa amazi ahagije
• Gufasha kugumisha isuku y’umubiri n’ituze
• Kwimakaza kugwa hifashishijwe gukuraho ibintu bishobora gutera kugwa
• Gukurikiza gahunda y’imiti uko yategetswe
• Kureba ibimenyetso by’uko ubwirabura bukomeye
• Guhamagara abaganga ufite impungenge

Wibuke ko gukira bishobora kuba buhoro kandi bigatinda. Uwo ukunda ashobora kugira iminsi myiza n’iminsi mibi, ibyo ni ibisanzwe mu gihe cyo gukira. Umujinya n’ubufasha buhoraho bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gukira kwe.

Uko wakwitegura ku bw’isura ya muganga?

Kwitunganya ku bw’isura ya muganga yerekeye delirium bisaba gukusanya amakuru aturuka mu nkombe nyinshi, kuko umuntu ubwirabura ashobora kutabyibuka neza ibintu by’ingenzi ku gihe ibimenyetso byatangiye cyangwa icyabiteye.

Mbere y’isura, andika igihe wabonye impinduka mu gutekereza cyangwa imyitwarire. Fata urugero rwihariye rw’ubwirabura, nko gutaha ahantu hamenyerewe cyangwa kutamenya abagize umuryango.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose, harimo imiti y’abaganga, imiti yo mu maduka, n’ibindi byongerwamo. Fata umwanya n’igihe imiti yose yatangiye, kuko impinduka za vuba akenshi zigira uruhare muri delirium.

Andika impinduka zose z’ubuzima za vuba, nko kurwara, kugwa, kubagwa, cyangwa kujya mu bitaro. Bandika impinduka mu kurya, gusinzira, cyangwa imikorere y’ubwiherero, kuko ibyo bishobora gutanga amakuru y’ingenzi ku mpamvu z’ibanze.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti ya hafi izi uwo muntu neza kandi ishobora gutanga ibindi bimenyetso. Bashobora kwibuka ibintu wabuze cyangwa gutanga icyerekezo gitandukanye ku buryo ibimenyetso byatangiye.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri delirium?

Delirium ni indwara ikomeye ariko ishobora kuvurwa isaba ubuvuzi bw’ibanze. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko ubwirabura butunguranye cyangwa impinduka mu bushobozi bwo gutekereza bitagomba kwirengagizwa cyangwa gufatwa nk’ibintu bisanzwe byo gukura.

Hamwe no kuvurwa vuba bivura impamvu y’ibanze, abantu benshi bakira neza delirium. Ariko rero, igihe kirekire idavuwe, ibyago byiyongera by’ingaruka mbi n’igihe kirekire cyo gukira.

Niba ubona ibimenyetso bya delirium kuri wowe cyangwa umuntu ukunda, ntutinye gushaka ubuvuzi bw’ibanze. Kugira ubufasha bw’ibanze ntibyongera gukira gusa ahubwo birinda ingaruka mbi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw’igihe kirekire n’ubwigenge.

Wibuke ko delirium atari amakosa y’uwo muntu, kandi gukira bisaba igihe n’ubujyanye. Hamwe no kuvurwa neza kw’abaganga n’ubufasha bw’umuryango, ubwirabura bwa delirium bushobora kuzamuka, bituma uwo ukunda asubira mu bushobozi bwe bwo gutekereza neza.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri delirium

Delirium isanzwe imara igihe kingana iki?

Ibihe byinshi bya delirium bitangira gukira mu masaha 24-48 ubuvuzi butangiye, ariko gukira burundu bishobora gufata iminsi kugeza ku byumweru byinshi. Igihe cyacyo gituruka ku mpamvu y’ibanze, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n’uburyo ubuvuzi butangiye vuba.

Delirium ishobora gutera ibibazo by’ubwonko bidakira?

Nubwo abantu benshi bakira neza delirium, bamwe bashobora kugira ingaruka zo gutekereza, cyane cyane abantu bakuze cyangwa abafite ibibazo by’ubwonko. Ubuvuzi bw’ibanze bigabanya cyane ibyago by’ibibazo bidakira, niyo mpamvu ubuvuzi bw’ibanze bukomeye cyane.

Delirium ni kimwe na dementia?

Oya, delirium na dementia ni indwara zitandukanye. Delirium itera vuba mu masaha cyangwa iminsi mike kandi isanzwe ishobora kuvurwa. Dementia itera buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka kandi igira ingaruka ku mpinduka z’ubwonko zidakira, nubwo delirium ishobora kubaho ku bantu basanzwe bafite dementia.

Imiti ishobora gutera delirium?

Yego, imiti myinshi ishobora gutera delirium, cyane cyane mu bantu bakuze cyangwa abantu bafata imiti myinshi. Ibintu bisanzwe birimo imiti yo kugabanya ububabare, imiti yo gusinzira, antihistamines, na zimwe mu miti y’umutima. Buri gihe ubwira abaganga bawe imiti yose n’ibindi byongerwamo ufashe.

Umuntu ufite delirium azabibuka ibyabaye muri icyo gihe?

Abantu benshi nta cyo bibuka ku bijyanye na delirium iyo bakize. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe kandi ntibigaragaza ibibazo byo kwibuka bidakira. Ariko rero, abagize imiryango bakunda kubona ko ibyabaye ari ibibazo, bityo inama cyangwa amatsinda yo guhumuriza bishobora gufasha mu gihe cyo gukira.