Dementiya ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Dementiya ni ijambo rusange rikoreshwa ku ibura ry'ubwenge n'ibibazo byo gutekereza bigira ingaruka ku mibereho ya buri munsi. Si indwara imwe gusa, ahubwo ni ibimenyetso byinshi bituruka ku ndwara zitandukanye zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko.

Tekereza kuri dementiya nk'ijambo ririmo ibindi byinshi, kimwe na "indwara z'umutima" zirimo indwara zitandukanye z'umutima. Ubwoko bwose bwa dementiya ni indwara ya Alzheimer, ariko hari n'ubundi bwoko bwinshi. Nubwo dementiya ikunda kwibasira abantu bakuze, si ikintu gisanzwe mu gukura.

Dementiya ni iki?

Dementiya ibaho iyo uturemangingo tw'ubwonko twangirika kandi ntidukibasha kuvugana neza. Iyo myangirika igira ingaruka ku kwibuka, gutekereza, imyitwarire, no gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi.

Iyi ndwara itera imbere, bisobanura ko ibimenyetso bigenda birushaho kuba bibi uko igihe gihita. Ariko, umuvuduko n'uburyo bwo kugenda bigenda bitandukanye cyane ukurikije umuntu.

Ni ngombwa kumva ko dementiya igira ingaruka kuri buri muntu mu buryo butandukanye. Nubwo ibura ry'ubwenge ari ryo kimenyetso cya mbere gikunze kugaragara, dementiya ishobora kugira ingaruka ku rurimi, gukemura ibibazo, kwitonda, no kubona.

Ibimenyetso bya Dementiya ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya dementiya bishobora kuba bito kandi bigatera imbere buhoro buhoro. Ushobora kubona impinduka mu kwibuka, gutekereza, cyangwa imyitwarire irengeje ubusanzwe ibura ry'ubwenge rijyanye n'imyaka.

Ibimenyetso by'ibanze bikunze kugaragara birimo:

• Kwibagirwa ibiganiro cyangwa ibintu byabaye vuba aha, ariko wibuka neza ibintu byabaye kera
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kubona amagambo akwiye cyangwa gukurikira ibiganiro
• Guhererana ahantu usanzwe uzi cyangwa guhuzagurika ku gihe n'itariki
• Kugira ikibazo cyo gucunga imari cyangwa gufata ibyemezo
• Gupfusha ibintu ahantu hatasanzwe
• Impinduka mu mimerere, kamere, cyangwa imyitwarire ya sosiyete
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kurangiza imirimo usanzwe ukora mu rugo cyangwa ku kazi
• Uburangare mu gufata ibyemezo

Uko dementiya itera imbere, ibimenyetso bigenda biba byinshi. Abantu bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo guhuzagurika, kutamenya abagize umuryango, no kugira ibibazo mu bikorwa bya buri munsi. Iterambere ritandukanye cyane hagati y'abantu, kandi bamwe bashobora kugumana ubushobozi bumwe igihe kirekire kurusha abandi.

Uduce twa Dementiya ni utuhe?

Indwara zitandukanye zishobora gutera dementiya, buri yose ifite imico n'uburyo bwo gutera imbere bitandukanye. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bufasha kuyobora ubuvuzi n'igenamigambi ryo kwita ku murwayi.

Ubwoko bwose bukunze kugaragara harimo:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer: Igira uruhare mu kubaho kwa 60-80% by'abafite dementiya, irangwa no kubura imisemburo mu bwonko
• Dementiya iterwa n'ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaraso: Iterwa no kugabanuka kw'amaraso ajya mu bwonko, akenshi nyuma y'impanuka z'ubwonko
• Dementiya ya Lewy body: Irangwa no kubaho kw'imisemburo yitwa Lewy bodies, ikunda kugaragara hamwe n'ibibazo byo kubona
• Dementiya ya Frontotemporal: Igira ingaruka ku gice cy'imbere n'uruhande rw'ubwonko, ikunda gutangira mu myaka mike
• Dementiya ivangavanze: Ivangurwa ry'ubwoko bubiri cyangwa burenze, akenshi indwara ya Alzheimer n'iy'imitsi y'amaraso

Ubundi bwoko buke harimo indwara ya Huntington, indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob, na hydrocephalus ya pressure isanzwe. Buri bwoko bufite ibimenyetso byihariye, nubwo ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bisa cyane hagati y'ubwoko butandukanye.

Intandaro za Dementiya ni izihe?

Dementiya iterwa n'uko uturemangingo tw'ubwonko twangirika cyangwa dupfa, bikabangamira imikorere isanzwe y'ubwonko. Intandaro z'ibanze zitandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa dementiya.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera imyango y'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko:

• Uburangare bw'imisemburo: Indwara ya Alzheimer irimo imisemburo ya tau n'imisemburo ya amyloid zibangamira imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko
• Ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaraso: Impanuka z'ubwonko cyangwa indwara zidakira zibangamira amaraso ashobora kwangiza imisemburo y'ubwonko
• Impinduka za gene: Ubundi bwoko buke buragenderwaho, mu gihe imisemburo imwe yongerera ibyago
• Imvune z'ubwonko: Imvune zikomeye cyangwa zikubita umutwe zishobora gutera dementiya nyuma y'imyaka
• Amazi: Virusi cyangwa bagiteri zimwe na zimwe zishobora kwangiza imisemburo y'ubwonko
• Ukwandura uburozi: Kwandura igihe kirekire imiti runaka cyangwa ibintu biremereye

Mu bihe bike, ibimenyetso bisa na dementiya bishobora guterwa n'indwara zishobora kuvurwa nko kubura vitamine, ibibazo by'umwijima, cyangwa ingaruka z'imiti. Niyo mpamvu isuzuma ry'abaganga ari ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane neza indwara.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera Dementiya?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga niba ubona ibibazo by'ubwenge cyangwa impinduka mu gutekereza zibangamira ibikorwa bya buri munsi. Isuzuma rya vuba ni ingenzi kuko zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa n'ibimenyetso bisa na dementiya zishobora kuvurwa.

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga niba ufite:

• Ibura ry'ubwenge ribangamira ubuzima bwa buri munsi cyangwa akazi
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kurangiza imirimo usanzwe ukora
• Guhuzagurika ku gihe, ahantu, cyangwa abantu
• Ibibazo by'ururimi cyangwa itumanaho
• Uburangare mu gufata ibyemezo
• Impinduka mu mimerere cyangwa imyitwarire

Ntugatege amatwi niba abagize umuryango cyangwa inshuti bagaragaza impungenge ku bwenge bwawe cyangwa gutekereza. Rimwe na rimwe abandi babona impinduka mbere y'uko tubibona ubwacu. Isuzuma rya vuba rifasha gutegura neza no kubona ubuvuzi bushobora gufasha gucunga ibimenyetso.

Ibyago byo Kurwara Dementiya ni ibihe?

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kurwara dementiya, ibintu bimwe na bimwe byongera amahirwe yo kurwara iyi ndwara. Hari ibintu by'ibyago ushobora kugenzura, mu gihe ibindi utabigenzura.

Ibintu by'ibyago bitagenzurwa birimo:

• Imyaka: Ibyago byiyongera kabiri buri myaka itanu nyuma y'imyaka 65
• Uruhererekane rw'umuryango: Amateka y'umuryango n'imisemburo imwe yongerera ibyago
• Igitsina: Abagore bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara indwara ya Alzheimer
• Ubwoko n'ubwoko bw'abantu: Amwe mu matsinda afite ibyago byinshi kubera impamvu z'imisemburo n'imibereho

Ibintu by'ibyago bishobora kugenzurwa ushobora kugira uruhare:

• Ubuzima bw'umutima: Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete, n'indwara z'umutima byongera ibyago
• Imikino ngororamubiri: Kubura imyitozo ngororamubiri bigira uruhare mu kongera ibyago bya dementiya
• Kwitabira ibikorwa bya sosiyete: Kwiheba no kwigunga bishobora kwihutisha kugabanuka kw'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza
• Uburezi n'ibikorwa byo gutekereza: Urwego rwo hasi rw'uburezi rufitanye isano n'ibyago byiyongereye
• Imyanya yo kuryama: Kubura ibitotsi bishobora kugira uruhare mu guhindura ubwonko
• Itabi n'inzoga nyinshi: Byombi bishobora kwangiza imisemburo y'ubwonko uko igihe gihita

Gucunga ibintu by'ibyago bishobora kugenzurwa binyuze mu mibereho myiza bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago byawe muri rusange, nubwo bitabuza burundu.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Dementiya ni izihe?

Dementiya ishobora gutera ingaruka zitandukanye uko itera imbere. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bibazo bishobora gufasha imiryango kwitegura no gushaka ubufasha bukwiye.

Ingaruka z'umubiri zishobora kuba:

• Kugwa no gukomereka: Guhuzagurika n'ibibazo byo kubura umutekano byongera ibyago by'impanuka
• Imvura mbi: Kwibagirwa kurya cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima bishobora gutera igabanuka ry'uburemere
• Amazi: Isuku mbi cyangwa impinduka mu mikorere y'umubiri zongerera ibyago by'indwara
• Ibibazo by'imiti: Guhuzagurika ku bijyanye n'imiti bishobora gutera amakosa akomeye
• Gutembera: Guhererana cyangwa kujya ahantu hatateganijwe

Ingaruka zo mu mutwe n'imyitwarire harimo kwiheba, guhangayika, guhangayika, n'ibibazo byo kuryama. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora guhangayikisha umuntu ufite dementiya n'abagize umuryango we.

Mu bihe bikomeye, ingaruka zishobora kuba harimo kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima, kwibasirwa cyane na pneumonia, no kwishingikiriza ku bandi mu bikorwa bya buri munsi. Ariko, abantu benshi bafite dementiya babayeho imyaka myinshi bafite ubufasha bukwiye n'ubuvuzi.

Dementiya ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Nubwo utabuza burundu dementiya, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko imibereho imwe na imwe ishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago cyangwa gutinza itangira ry'ibimenyetso.

Imikorere myiza y'umutima ifitiye ubwonko akamaro:

• Imikino ngororamubiri buri gihe: Gerageza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri iminota 150 buri cyumweru
• Ibiryo byiza: Ibiryo bya Mediterane cyangwa DASH byuzuyemo imbuto, imboga, n'amafi
• Gucunga umuvuduko w'amaraso: Kumenya neza umuvuduko w'amaraso binyuze mu mirire, imyitozo ngororamubiri, n'imiti niba ari ngombwa
• Gucunga diyabete: Kumenya neza urwego rw'isukari mu maraso
• Gucunga cholesterol: Kumenya neza urwego rwa cholesterol binyuze mu mirire n'imiti igihe ari ngombwa

Ibikorwa byo gukangurira ubwonko bishobora kandi gufasha:

• Kwiga ubuzima bwose n'uburezi
• Kwitabira ibikorwa bya sosiyete no kugumana umubano
• Ibikorwa bigoye byo gutekereza nko gukemura ibibazo cyangwa gusoma
• Kwiga ubuhanga bushya cyangwa ibikorwa byo kwidagadura

Ibitotsi byiza, kwirinda itabi, kugabanya inzoga, no gucunga umunaniro bigira uruhare mu buzima bw'ubwonko. Nubwo ibyo bintu bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibyago, ntibibuza burundu, cyane cyane ku bwoko bwa dementiya bwa gene.

Dementiya imenyeshwa ite?

Kumenya dementiya bisaba isuzuma rirambuye ry'abaganga. Nta kizami kimwe cyo kumenya dementiya, bityo abaganga bakoresha uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo bamenye neza indwara.

Uburyo bwo kumenya indwara busanzwe burimo:

• Amateka y'ubuzima: Ibiganiro birambuye ku bimenyetso, amateka y'umuryango, n'imiti
• Isuzuma ry'umubiri: Kumenya izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso
• Isuzuma ry'ubwenge: Isuzuma ry'ubwenge, gukemura ibibazo, n'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza
• Ibizamini by'amaraso: Kumenya niba hari ubuke bwa vitamine, ibibazo by'umwijima, cyangwa indwara
• Isuzuma ry'ubwonko: CT cyangwa MRI scan kugira ngo harebwe impinduka mu miterere cyangwa impanuka z'ubwonko

Isuzuma ryihariye rishobora kuba harimo isuzuma rya neuropsychological, PET scans, cyangwa isuzuma ry'amazi yo mu mugongo mu bihe bimwe na bimwe. Intego ni ukumenya niba dementiya ihari, ariko kandi n'ubwoko bwayo n'icyo gishobora kuba gikurura.

Kumenya neza indwara bishobora gutwara igihe kandi bishobora gusaba gusura abaganga babishoboye nka neurologists cyangwa geriatricians. Ntucike intege niba uburyo bugoye - isuzuma rirambuye riyobora mu gutegura neza ubuvuzi.

Ubuvuzi bwa Dementiya ni ubuhe?

Nubwo nta muti uravura ubwoko bwinshi bwa dementiya, ubuvuzi butandukanye bushobora gufasha gucunga ibimenyetso no kunoza imibereho. Uburyo bwo kuvura bugamije kugabanya iterambere no guhangana n'ibimenyetso byihariye.

Imiti ya dementiya ishobora kuba:

• Inhibitors za Cholinesterase: Donepezil, rivastigmine, na galantamine bishobora gufasha mu kwibuka no gutekereza
• NMDA antagonist: Memantine ishobora gufasha mu bimenyetso by'indwara ya Alzheimer byoroheje cyangwa bikomeye
• Ubuvuzi bushya: Aducanumab na lecanemab ni ubuvuzi bushya bwo kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer mu ntangiriro
• Imiti ivura ibimenyetso byihariye: Imiti yo kuvura kwiheba, imiti yo kuryama

Uburyo butari imiti ni ingenzi cyane:

• Gahunda ya buri munsi ishingiye ku buryo n'ahantu hasanzwe
• Imikino ngororamubiri buri gihe n'ibikorwa bya sosiyete
• Gukangurira ubwonko binyuze mu gukemura ibibazo, imikino, cyangwa ibiganiro
• Ubuvuzi bwa muzika, ubuvuzi bw'ubugeni, cyangwa ubuvuzi bw'amatungo
• Ubuvuzi bw'umwuga kugira ngo ugume ufite ubushobozi bwo kwita ku mibereho ya buri munsi

Gahunda yo kuvura igomba kuba yihariye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa dementiya, urwego rw'iterambere, n'ibyifuzo by'umuntu. Gukurikirana buri gihe n'abaganga bifasha guhindura ubuvuzi uko ibyo umuntu akeneye bigenda bihinduka uko igihe gihita.

Uko wakwita ku murwayi wa Dementiya mu rugo

Kwita ku murwayi wa dementiya mu rugo bisaba guhanga ibidukikije byiza, by'ubufasha, mu gihe ubungabunga icyubahiro n'ubwigenge bw'umuntu uko bishoboka kose.

Impinduka z'umutekano mu rugo harimo:

• Kwikuraho ibintu bishobora gutera kugwa nko tapi zidashikamye cyangwa ibintu byinshi
• Gushyira ibintu bifasha gufata mu bwiherero n'amatara meza mu nzu yose
• Kuringaniza ibintu bishobora kuba bibi nka za mpaga, imiti, cyangwa imfunguzo z'imodoka
• Gukoresha imfunguzo cyangwa alarme ku muryango kugira ngo wirinde gutembera
• Kwandika amazina y'ibyumba, ibikoresho, n'ibintu by'ingenzi hamwe n'amashusho cyangwa amagambo

Ingamba zo kwita ku murwayi buri munsi zifasha:

• Gushyiraho gahunda zihoraho zo kurya, imiti, n'ibikorwa
• Gukora imirimo migororanye mu bice bito, byoroshye
• Gukoresha ibimenyetso by'amaso n'ibibutsa ku bikorwa by'ingenzi
• Kubika ibintu bisanzwe n'amafoto mu byumba
• Gutanga uburyo buhoraho bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no kwitabira ibikorwa bya sosiyete

Abita ku barwayi bagomba kandi kwita ku buzima bwabo binyuze mu matsinda y'ubufasha, ubufasha bwo kwita ku barwayi, no gushaka ubufasha igihe ari ngombwa. Kwita kuri wowe ubwawe biguha ubushobozi bwo kwita neza ku muntu ukunda.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitegura gusura muganga ku bijyanye na dementiya bifasha kugira ngo ugire ibyiza byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe. Kuzana amakuru akwiye n'ibibazo bishobora gutuma uhabwa ubuvuzi bwiza.

Mbere y'uruzinduko rwawe, komeza:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n'ibindi
• Amateka y'ubuzima harimo ibisubizo by'ibizamini byabanje n'ibitaro
• Ibisobanuro birambuye by'ibimenyetso, igihe byatangiye, n'uko byahindutse
• Urutonde rw'impungenge cyangwa ibibazo byihariye ushaka kuganiraho
• Amakuru y'ubwisungane n'ibyangombwa by'irangamuntu

Teganya kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti ya hafi ishobora:

• Gutanga amakuru y'inyongera ku mpinduka zagaragaye
• Gufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi yavuzwe mu ruzinduko
• Gutanga ubufasha bwo mu mutwe mu biganiro bishobora kuba bigoye
• Guha ubufasha mu gutwara niba ari ngombwa

Andika ibibazo byawe by'ingenzi mbere, kuko uruzinduko rushobora kuba rurerure. Ntukabe ikibazo cyo gusaba ibisobanuro niba utumva ikintu - itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rishaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza uko uhagaze.

Icy'ingenzi cyo Kumenya kuri Dementiya

Dementiya ni indwara igororanye igira ingaruka kuri miliyoni z'abantu ku isi, ariko si ikintu ugomba guhangana na cyo wenyine. Nubwo kumenya indwara bishobora kuba bigoye, gusobanukirwa dementiya biguha ubushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo byiza ku bijyanye no kwita ku murwayi n'ubuvuzi.

Wibuke ko dementiya igira ingaruka kuri buri muntu mu buryo butandukanye. Bamwe bagumana ubushobozi bwabo igihe kirekire kurusha abandi, kandi benshi bakomeza kugira umubano mwiza n'ibikorwa igihe kinini nyuma yo kumenya indwara. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukwita ku bishoboka aho kwita ku byabuze.

Kumenya indwara hakiri kare no guhita uvurwa bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gucunga ibimenyetso no gutegura ejo hazaza. Niba uhangayikishijwe n'impinduka mu kwibuka kwawe cyangwa umuntu ukunda, ntuzategereze gushaka ubufasha bw'abaganga. Abaganga bafite ibikoresho n'ingamba nyinshi zo gufasha abantu bafite dementiya kubaho neza uko bishoboka.

Ubufasha buhari binyuze mu baganga, imiryango y'abaturage, n'amatsinda y'ubufasha. Ntugombwa guca uru rugendo wenyine - gusaba ubufasha ni ikimenyetso cy'ubutwari, atari intege nke.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Dementiya

Q1: Dementiya ni kimwe na indwara ya Alzheimer?

Oya, dementiya ni ijambo rusange rikoreshwa ku bimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku kwibuka no gutekereza, mu gihe indwara ya Alzheimer ari yo ntandaro ikunze kugaragara ya dementiya. Tekereza kuri dementiya nk'ikimenyetso na Alzheimer nk'intandaro imwe ishoboka, nubwo hari n'ubundi bwoko bwinshi nka dementiya iterwa n'imitsi y'amaraso na dementiya ya Lewy body.

Q2: Abakiri bato bashobora kurwara dementiya?

Yego, nubwo ari bike, dementiya ishobora kwibasira abantu bari munsi y'imyaka 65, bitwa dementiya itangira hakiri kare cyangwa dementiya itangira mu myaka mike. Ibi bigira uruhare mu kubaho kwa 5-10% by'abafite dementiya. Dementiya ya Frontotemporal n'ubwoko bwa gene bikunze kugaragara mu bantu bakiri bato, kandi intandaro zishobora gutandukana na dementiya itangira mu myaka myinshi.

Q3: Dementiya itera imbere vuba gute?

Iterambere rya dementiya ritandukanye cyane hagati y'abantu n'ubwoko. Bamwe bagira impinduka buhoro buhoro imyaka myinshi, mu gihe abandi bashobora kugenda nabi vuba. Ibintu nko kwita ku buzima, ubwoko bwa dementiya, ubuvuzi, n'ubufasha bwa sosiyete byose bigira uruhare mu muvuduko w'iterambere.

Q4: Abantu bafite dementiya bashobora gukomeza kubaho bonyine?

Abantu benshi bafite dementiya mu ntangiriro bashobora gukomeza kubaho bonyine bafite ubufasha n'impinduka z'umutekano. Uko indwara itera imbere, ubufasha buriyongera burakenewe. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni isuzuma rya buri gihe ry'umutekano n'ubushobozi, hamwe na gahunda yo kwita ku barwayi ihinduka uko bikenewe.

Q5: Dementiya iragenderwaho mu muryango?

Amateka y'umuryango ashobora kongera ibyago bya dementiya, ariko ubwinshi bw'ibintu ntibugenderwaho. Kugira umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe ufite dementiya bishobora kongera ibyago byawe kabiri, ariko ibi bivuze ko abantu benshi batazarwara iyi ndwara. Gusa ubwoko buke bwa gene ni bwo bugenderwaho, bugira uruhare mu kubaho kwa munsi ya 5% by'ibintu byose.