Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis (dur-muh-toe-my-uh-SY-tis) ni indwara idakunda kugaragara iterwa n'uburwayi bw'umubiri, ikaba irangwa n'intege nke z'imikaya ndetse n'uburyo bw'uruhu butangaje. Iyi ndwara ishobora kwibasira abantu bakuru n'abana. Mu bantu bakuru, dermatomyositis isanzwe igaragara hagati y'imyaka 40 na 60. Mu bana, ikunze kugaragara hagati y'imyaka 5 na 15. Dermatomyositis igaragara cyane ku bagore kurusha abagabo. Nta muti uwo ari wo wose uravura dermatomyositis, ariko hari igihe ibimenyetso byayo bishobora kugabanuka. Ubuvuzi bushobora gufasha mu gukira ubwandu bw'uruhu no gusubirana imbaraga z'imikaya n'imikorere yayo.

Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bya dermatomyosite bishobora kugaragara imburagihe cyangwa bikagenda bigenda buhoro buhoro. Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bisanzwe birimo:

• Impinduka z'uruhu. Urusoro rw'umutuku w'igicucu cy'umuhondo cyangwa umutuku mwinshi rugaragara, cyane cyane ku maso no ku mitsi y'amaso no ku ntoki, amaguru, amavi, ikibuno n'umugongo. Urusoro, rushobora kuryaryatwa kandi rukababara, rukaba ari rwo bimenyetso bwa mbere bwa dermatomyosite.
• Intege nke y'imitsi. Intege nke y'imitsi itera imbere igaragara ku mitsi yegereye umubiri, nka ya mitsi yo mu kibuno, mu birenge, mu bitugu, mu maboko yo hejuru no mu ijosi. Intege nke igaragara ku mpande zombi z'umubiri, kandi igenda irushaho kuba mbi buhoro buhoro.

Niba ufite intege nke z'imitsi cyangwa ihoho ritazwi, shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga.

Intandaro ya dermatomyositis ntiiramenyekana, ariko iyi ndwara ifite byinshi ihuriyeho n'indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, aho ubudahangarwa bwawe bwibasira utubumbe tw'umubiri wawe. Impamvu z'umurage n'iz'ibidukikije zishobora kugira uruhare. Ibintu byo mu bidukikije bishobora kuba birimo kwandura virusi, izuba, imiti imwe n'imwe no kunywa itabi.

Nubwo umuntu uwo ari we wese ashobora kurwara dermatomyosite, igaragara cyane mu bantu bagenerwa igitsina gore bavuka. Imijyanama n'ibintu byo mu kirere birimo kwandura virusi no kwibasirwa n'izuba bishobora kandi kongera ibyago byo kurwara dermatomyosite.

Ingaruka zishobora kubaho za dermatomyositis zirimo:

• Gukomerwa no kurya. Niba imikaya yo mu munwa wawe yarahungabanye, ushobora kugira ibibazo byo kurya, ibyo bikaba byatera igihombo cy'uburemere n'imirire mibi.
• Pneumonia yo mu muhogo. Kugira ikibazo cyo kurya bishobora gutuma uhumeka ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa, harimo n'umusemburo, mu mwijima.
• Ibibazo byo guhumeka. Niba iyi ndwara igira ingaruka ku mikaya yo mu gituza, ushobora kugira ibibazo byo guhumeka, nko guhumeka nabi.
• Ibiro bya calcium. Ibi bishobora kuba mu mikaya yawe, uruhu n'imikaya ihuza, uko iyi ndwara ikomeza. Ibi biro birakunda cyane mu bana barwaye dermatomyositis kandi bigaragara hakiri kare mu gihe cy'iyi ndwara.

Niba muganga wawe akeka ko ufite dermatomyositis, ashobora kugutekerezaho bimwe muri ibi bipimo bikurikira:

• Igipimo cy'amaraso. Igipimo cy'amaraso kizamenyesha muganga wawe niba ufite urwego rwo hejuru rw'imisemburo y'imitsi ishobora kwerekana ko imitsi yangiritse. Igipimo cy'amaraso gishobora kandi kumenya antikorora zifitanye isano n'ibimenyetso bitandukanye bya dermatomyositis, ibyo bikaba bishobora gufasha mu kumenya imiti n'ubuvuzi byiza.
• X-ray y'amabere. Iki kizamini cyoroshye gishobora kugenzura ibimenyetso byo kwangirika kw'ibihaha rimwe na rimwe bibaho hamwe na dermatomyositis.
• Electromyography. Muganga ufite imyitozo yihariye ashyira electrode y'igishishwa gito binyuze mu ruhu mu mitsi igomba gupimwa. Ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi bipimwa uko usubiza imitsi yawe cyangwa uyikomeza, kandi impinduka mu buryo bw'ibikorwa by'amashanyarazi zishobora kwemeza ko hari indwara y'imitsi. Muganga ashobora kumenya imitsi ikozweho.
• MRI. Iskaneri ikora amashusho y'imitsi yawe aturutse ku makuru aturuka ku ikamba rikomeye rya magneti n'amahano ya radiyo. Bitandukanye na biopsie y'imitsi, MRI ishobora gusuzuma ububabare mu gice kinini cy'imitsi.
• Biopsie y'uruhu cyangwa imitsi. Igice gito cy'uruhu cyangwa imitsi gikurwaho kugira ngo gipimwe muri laboratwari. Igipimo cy'uruhu gishobora gufasha kwemeza uburwayi bwa dermatomyositis. Biopsie y'imitsi ishobora kwerekana ububabare mu mitsi yawe cyangwa ibindi bibazo, nko kwangirika cyangwa kwandura. Niba biopsie y'uruhu yemeza uburwayi, biopsie y'imitsi ishobora kutakenerwa.

Nta muti uwo ari wo wese uwo kuvura dermatomyositis, ariko kuvura bishobora kunoza uruhu rwawe n'imbaraga z'imikaya yawe n'imikorere yayo.

Imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura dermatomyositis irimo:

Bishingiye ku gukomeza kw'ibimenyetso byawe, muganga wawe ashobora kugutekerezaho:

• Corticosteroids. Imiti nka prednisone (Rayos) ishobora kugenzura vuba ibimenyetso bya dermatomyositis. Ariko gukoreshwa igihe kirekire bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Rero muganga wawe, nyuma yo kwandika umunono uhagije kugira ngo igenzure ibimenyetso byawe, ashobora kugabanya umunono buhoro buhoro uko ibimenyetso byawe bigenda bigenda.

• Imiti igabanya ikoreshwa rya corticosteroid. Iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe na corticosteroid, iyi miti ishobora kugabanya umunono n'ingaruka mbi za corticosteroid. Imiti ibiri ikunzwe cyane kuri dermatomyositis ni azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran) na methotrexate (Trexall). Mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept) ni indi miti ikoreshwa mu kuvura dermatomyositis, cyane cyane niba ibihaha birimo.

• Rituximab (Rituxan). Ikunda gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya rhumatoïde, rituximab ni amahitamo niba imiti ya mbere idagenzura ibimenyetso byawe.

• Imiti irwanya malaria. Kubera uburozi buhoraho, muganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti irwanya malaria, nka hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil).

• Ibicupa by'izuba. Kurinda uruhu rwawe izuba binyuze mu gukoresha ibicupa by'izuba no kwambara imyenda n'ingofero birinda ni ingenzi mu gucunga uburozi bwa dermatomyositis.

• Umuti ngororamubiri. Umuganga wita ku ngororamubiri ashobora kukwereka imyitozo yo kugufasha kubungabunga no kunoza imbaraga zawe n'ubushobozi bwawe bwo kugenda no kugira inama ku rwego rukwiye rw'imirimo.

• Umuti w'amagambo. Niba imikaya yawe yo kurya ikozweho, umuti w'amagambo ushobora kugufasha kwiga uburyo bwo guhangana n'iyo mpinduka.

• Isuzuma ry'imirire. Nyuma gato mu gihe cya dermatomyositis, kuruma no kurya bishobora kugorana. Umuganga w'imirire ashobora kukwigisha uburyo bwo gutegura ibiryo byoroshye kurya.

• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). IVIg ni umusaruro w'amaraso utozwe ugizwe n'antikorps nzima zivuye mu badonor b'amaraso ibihumbi. Aya antikorps ashobora guhagarika antikorps yangiza itera imikaya n'uruhu muri dermatomyositis. Ihabwa nk'ubushyuhe binyuze mu mubiri, imiti ya IVIg ihenze kandi ishobora kuba ikenewe gusubirwamo kenshi kugira ngo ingaruka zayo zikomeze.