Diphtheria ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Diphtheria ni iki?

Diphtheria ni indwara ikomeye iterwa na bagiteri, ikunda kwibasira umunwa n'izuru. Iterwa na bagiteri yitwa Corynebacterium diphtheriae, ikora uburozi bukomeye bushobora kwangiza umutima, impyiko, n'ubwonko.

Iyi ndwara itera akariho k'umweru cyangwa umuhondo mu munwa, bigatuma guhumeka no kwishima bigorana cyane. Nubwo diphteria yahoze ari imwe mu ndwara zikomeye zihitana abana, gukingira byatumye iba nke mu bihugu byateye imbere.

Ariko rero, iyi ndwara iracyahangayikishije mu duce dutari gukingirwa neza. Inkuru nziza ni uko diphteria ikingirwa burundu hakoreshejwe inkingo kandi ikaba ivurwa igihe yafashwe hakiri kare.

Ibimenyetso bya Diphtheria ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya diphteria bisanzwe bigaragara nyuma y'iminsi 2-5 umuntu amaze kwandura. Ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora kumera nk'iby'umwijima usanzwe, niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa kwitondera uko ibimenyetso bigenda bikurikirana.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira birimo:

• Akariho k'umweru cyangwa umuhondo mu munwa no ku mpinja
• Kubabara mu munwa no kugorana kwishima
• Umuriro, ubusanzwe utari mwinshi
• Umuhogo w'amaraso mu ijosi
• Ubwambure n'umunaniro
• Inkorora y'ijwi rirengeje
• Guhumeka bigoranye cyangwa guhumeka vuba

Akariho k'umweru cyangwa umuhondo mu munwa ni ko kimenyetso gikomeye cyerekana diphteria, kitandukanya n'izindi ndwara z'umunwa. Uko kariho gashobora kuva amaraso ugerageje kukurura kandi gashobora kugera mu muyoboro w'ubuhumekero.

Mu bihe bimwe bimwe, diphteria ishobora kwibasira uruhu, ikagira ibisebe bibabaza cyangwa ibikomere bito. Ubu bwoko busanzwe bukunze kugaragara mu bihugu bishyushye no mu bantu bafite isuku nke cyangwa baba batuye ahantu hacuze.

Uduce twa Diphtheria ni utuhe?

Hari ubwoko bubiri bukomeye bwa diphteria, buri bwoko bugira ingaruka ku gice kitandukanye cy'umubiri. Gusobanukirwa ubwo bwoko bufasha gusobanura impamvu ibimenyetso bishobora gutandukana ukurikije umuntu.

Diphteria yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero ni yo ikomeye kandi igira ingaruka ku izuru, umunwa, n'imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero. Ubu bwoko butera akariho k'umweru cyangwa umuhondo gashobora gufunga umuyoboro w'ubuhumekero kandi kakemera ko uburozi bwa bagiteri bukwirakwira mu mubiri wose.

Diphteria yo ku ruhu igira ingaruka ku ruhu kandi ntabwo ikomeye cyane. Igaragara nk'ibisebe cyangwa ibikomere byanduye, akenshi ku maboko cyangwa amaguru. Nubwo ubu bwoko budatera ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kwica, bushobora gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara ku bandi.

Hari kandi ubwoko buke cyane bwitwa diphteria y'umubiri wose, aho uburozi bukwirakwira mu mubiri wose kandi bushobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima, impyiko, n'ubwonko, nubwo nta bimenyetso byagaragaye mu munwa.

Intandaro ya Diphtheria ni iki?

Diphtheria iterwa na bagiteri yitwa Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Izi bagiteri ziba mu kanwa, mu munwa, no mu izuru ry'abantu banduye kandi zikwirakwira vuba mu bantu.

Urashobora kwandura diphteria mu buryo butandukanye:

• Guhumeka utudodo duto umuntu wanduye akunze gukora
• Guhuza ibintu byanduye nka za gikinisho, intoki z'amadirishya, cyangwa ibintu bya buri munsi
• Guhuza ibisebe byanduye ku ruhu
• Kunwa amata ataravangurwa aturuka ku matungo yanduye (bihora bike)

Iyi bagiteri ikora uburozi bukomeye bwanga imitsi myiza kandi bushobora gukwirakwira mu maraso kugira ingaruka ku zindi ngingo. Ubu burozi ni bwo butuma diphteria iba ikomeye, nubwo indwara yambere isa nkeya.

Abantu bashobora gutwara no gukwirakwiza iyi bagiteri batagaragaza ibimenyetso. Ibi bituma gukingira ari ingenzi mu kurinda abaturage bose, atari abantu ku giti cyabo.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga ufite Diphtheria?

Ugomba gushaka ubufasha bwa muganga ako kanya niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe afite ububabare bukomeye mu munwa, bigoranye kwishima cyangwa guhumeka. Ibi bimenyetso bisaba ko uba ugenzurwa vuba, cyane cyane niba hari akariho k'umweru cyangwa umuhondo mu munwa.

Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ubona ibi bikurikira:

• Akariho k'umweru cyangwa umuhondo gakingiye umunwa cyangwa impinja
• Guhumeka bigoranye cyangwa guhumeka ari ijwi rirengeje
• Kugorana cyane kwishima
• Umuriro mwinshi ufite ibimenyetso by'umunwa
• Ijosi ryibutswe nk'iry'inka
• Ibimenyetso byo gucika intege nko gutera umutima vuba, guhinda umuriro, cyangwa gucika intege

Ntugatege amatwi ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ubwabyo. Diphtheria ishobora kwihuta cyane kandi ikaba ikomeye mu masaha make. Ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare buzamura cyane amahirwe yo gukira no gukumira ingaruka zikomeye.

Niba wahuye n'umuntu ufite diphteria, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya, nubwo waba umeze neza. Ushobora kuba ukeneye ubuvuzi bwo gukumira indwara kugira ngo idakwirakwira.

Ibyago byo kwandura Diphtheria ni ibihe?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura diphteria. Gusobanukirwa ibi bigufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye zo kwikingira wowe n'umuryango wawe.

Ibyago bikomeye birimo:

• Kuba utarakingiwe cyangwa utarakingiwe neza
• Guturana ahantu hacuze cyangwa hadafite isuku
• Kujya mu duce diphteria ikunze kugaragara
• Kugira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buke
• Kuba muto cyane (munsi y'imyaka 5) cyangwa mukuru (irenga imyaka 60)
• Kugira indwara zidakira nka diyabete cyangwa indwara z'impyiko
• Guturana ahantu ubuvuzi buke

Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 5 n'abantu barengeje imyaka 60 bafite ibyago byinshi kuko ubudahangarwa bwabo bushobora kudakora neza mu kurwanya iyi ndwara. Ariko kandi, umuntu wese ashobora kwandura diphteria atabonye inkingo.

Abantu batuye mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere cyangwa mu duce twibasiwe n'intambara, ibiza, cyangwa ikibazo cy'ubukungu bafite ibyago byinshi kubera ko gahunda zo gukingira ziba zarahungabanye kandi imibereho iba mibi.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Diphtheria ni izihe?

Nubwo ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare busanzwe bukumira ingaruka, diphteria ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye iyo uburozi bwa bagiteri bukwirakwira mu mubiri wose. Izi ngaruka zishobora kwica kandi zishobora gusaba ubuvuzi bukomeye.

Ingaruka zikomeye cyane harimo:

• Ibibazo by'umutima birimo gutera kw'umutima hadakozwe neza no kunanirwa kw'umutima
• Guhumeka bigoranye kubera ko umuyoboro w'ubuhumekero ufunze
• Kwangirikwa kw'imitsi itera ubumuga bw'imitsi
• Kwangirikwa kw'impyiko no kunanirwa kwazo
• Ibibazo bikomeye byo kuva amaraso
• Pneumonia n'indwara z'ibihaha
• Kuvimba kw'ubwonko (bihora bike)

Ibibazo by'umutima bihangayikishije cyane kuko bishobora kugaragara nubwo ibimenyetso by'umunwa byakize. Uburozi bushobora kwangiza umutima, bigatuma gutera kw'umutima kudakozwe neza cyangwa kunanirwa kw'umutima nyuma y'ibyumweru byinshi nyuma y'indwara.

Ubumuga bw'imitsi busanzwe bugira ingaruka ku mitsi ikoreshwa mu kwishima no guhumeka, hanyuma bugakwirakwira mu maboko n'amaguru. Nubwo ubu bumuga busanzwe ari bw'igihe gito, bushobora kwica niba bugira ingaruka ku mitsi yo guhumeka.

Izi ngaruka zisobanura impamvu diphteria isaba ubuvuzi bwa muganga ako kanya no kugenzurwa neza, nubwo ibimenyetso bitangiye gukira.

Diphtheria ikingirwa gute?

Diphtheria ikingirwa burundu hakoreshejwe inkingo. Urukingo rwa diphteria rufite akamaro kanini kandi rutanga uburinzi burambye igihe rutanzwe hakurikijwe gahunda yateganijwe.

Uburyo bwo gukumira busanzwe burimo:

• Kubona urukingo rwa DTaP mu bwana (ku myaka 2, 4, 6, 15-18, na 4-6)
• Kubona urukingo rwa Tdap ku myaka 11-12
• Kubona urukingo rwa Td buri myaka 10 mu buzima bw'ubukure
• Kugira ngo abagore batwite babone urukingo rwa Tdap muri buri gihe batwite
• Kuzamura inkingo zaciwe igihe icyo aricyo cyose

Uretse gukingira, ushobora kugabanya ibyago hakoreshejwe isuku nziza. Koga intoki kenshi, kwirinda guhura n'abarwayi, no kudakoresha ibintu bya buri munsi nka za forokes cyangwa amakariso.

Niba uri bujye mu duce diphteria ikunze kugaragara, menya neza ko inkingo zawe zuzuye mbere yo kugenda. Muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka izindi ngamba ukurikije aho ugiye n'ingendo zawe.

Diphtheria imenyeshwa ite?

Kumenya diphteria bisaba isuzuma ry'umubiri n'ibizamini bya laboratwari. Muganga wawe azashakisha ibimenyetso by'ingenzi mu gihe akuraho izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibyo.

Mu gihe cy'isuzuma ry'umubiri, muganga wawe azagenzura umunwa wawe ashaka akariho k'umweru cyangwa umuhondo gasanzwe muri diphteria. Azareba kandi niba hari umuhogo w'amaraso n'uburyo uhuha n'uburyo wishima.

Kugira ngo yemeze uburwayi, muganga wawe azakuramo igice mu munwa cyangwa mu izuru akoresheje ipamba. Icyo gice kizoherezwa muri laboratwari aho abakozi bashobora:

• Gushaka bagiteri ya diphteria kuri mikoroskopi
• Kurera bagiteri mu myaka yihariye
• Kugerageza uburozi bwa diphteria
• Kumenya antibiyotike zizakora neza

Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kandi gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe ibimenyetso byo kwangirika kw'umutima, impyiko, cyangwa izindi ngingo. Electrocardiogram (ECG) ishobora gukorwa kugira ngo igenzure uburyo umutima utera.

Kubera ko diphteria ishobora kwihuta, ubuvuzi busanzwe butangira mbere y'uko ibisubizo by'ibizamini biboneka niba muganga akekereza ko ari diphteria hashingiwe ku bimenyetso n'isuzuma.

Ubuvuzi bwa Diphtheria ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa diphteria busaba kujyanwa mu bitaro ako kanya kandi bugizwe n'uburyo bubiri nyamukuru: guhagarika uburozi bwa bagiteri no gukuraho bagiteri ubwayo. Ubuvuzi bwihuse ni ingenzi mu gukumira ingaruka zikomeye.

Ubuvuzi nyamukuru burimo:

• Antitoxin ya diphteria kugira ngo ihagarike uburozi buri mu maraso
• Antibiyotike nka peniciline cyangwa erythromycin kugira ngo zice bagiteri
• Ubufasha mu guhumeka no gukora kw'umutima
• Kwirinda gukwirakwiza indwara
• Kugenzura hafi ingaruka

Antitoxin ya diphteria ni ubuvuzi bw'ingenzi kuko ihagarika uburozi bumaze kuba mu maraso. Ariko rero, ntabwo ishobora gusubiza inyuma ibyangiritse, niyo mpamvu ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane.

Antibiyotike zifasha gukuraho bagiteri no kugabanya igihe cyo kwandura, ariko ntizishobora guhagarika uburozi bwamaze gukorwa. Gukoresha antitoxin n'antibiyotike hamwe ni byo bitanga ubuvuzi bufite akamaro kurusha ibindi.

Niba guhumeka bigoranye, ushobora kuba ukeneye oxygen cyangwa umuyoboro wo guhumeka. Ibibazo by'umutima bishobora gusaba imiti yo gufasha umutima gukora no kugenzura gutera kw'umutima kudakozwe neza.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe uvurwa Diphtheria

Diphtheria isaba ubuvuzi mu bitaro, bityo kwitaho iwawe bikaba bigamije gufasha gukira nyuma yo kuva mu bitaro no gukumira gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara mu bagize umuryango. Muganga wawe azakugira inama ukurikije uko uhagaze.

Mu gihe cyo gukira, ushobora gufasha gukira:

• Kuryama uhagije kugira ngo umubiri wawe urwanye iyi ndwara
• Kunwa amazi ashyushye nka sosiye cyangwa icyayi kugira ngo ubone ubworohe mu munwa
• Gukoresha humidifier kugira ngo ubone ubworohe mu guhumeka
• Gufata imiti yatanzwe nk'uko byategetswe
• Kurya ibiryo byoroshye, byoroshye kwishima
• Kwima imirimo ikomeye kugeza muganga akuyemereye

Kwirinda gukwirakwiza diphteria ku bandi ni ingenzi. Ugomba kwirinda akazi, ishuri, n'ahantu hahurira abantu benshi kugeza muganga yemeje ko utakiri kwanduza, bisanzwe nyuma yo kurangiza kuvurwa n'antibiyotike.

Abagize umuryango n'abantu ba hafi bagomba kugenzurwa na muganga kandi bashobora kuba bakeneye antibiyotike zo gukumira indwara cyangwa inkingo zongeyeho, nubwo batagaragaza ibimenyetso.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Niba ukekako ufite diphteria, ibi ni ubutabazi bw'ubuzima busaba ubufasha ako kanya aho kuba gahunda isanzwe. Ariko rero, kwitegura bishobora gufasha abaganga kugutanga ubuvuzi bwiza vuba.

Mbere yo kujya mu bitaro cyangwa kwa muganga, kora ibi bikurikira:

• Amateka yawe yo gukingira, cyane cyane inkingo za diphteria uheruka kubona
• Uruzinduko uheruka gukora mu duce diphteria ikunze kugaragara
• Guhuza n'umuntu ushobora kuba afite diphteria
• Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti ukoresha n'ibintu ufite allergie
• Igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye
• Indwara zidakira ufite

Hamagara mbere yo kujya kwa muganga ubamenyesheje ko uza ufite diphteria. Ibi bizabafasha gutegura uburyo bwo kwirinda no gutegura ubuvuzi bukenewe.

Zana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti niba bishoboka, kuko ushobora kuba ukeneye ubufasha mu kuvuga niba kwishima cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye. Bashobora kandi kukwibutsa amakuru akomeye muganga akubwiye.

Icyingenzi cyo kumenya kuri Diphtheria

Diphtheria ni indwara ikomeye iterwa na bagiteri ariko ikingirwa burundu, ishobora kwica idavuwe vuba. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko inkingo zitanga uburinzi bwiza kuri iyi ndwara.

Nubwo diphteria ari nke mu bihugu bifite gahunda nziza zo gukingira, iracyagaragara kandi ishobora kwihuta. Ububabare bukomeye mu munwa bufite guhumeka cyangwa kwishima bigoranye bisaba ubuvuzi bwa muganga ako kanya, cyane cyane niba ubona akariho k'umweru cyangwa umuhondo mu munwa.

Guhuza gukingira n'ubuvuzi bwihuse igihe bikenewe bivuze ko diphteria idakwiye kuba ikibazo gikomeye kuri wowe cyangwa umuryango wawe. Kora inkingo zawe kandi ntutinye gushaka ubuvuzi niba ibimenyetso bibangamiye bigaragara.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahangayikisha Kuri Diphtheria

Wafata diphteria nubwo wari warahawe inkingo?

Nubwo ari bike cyane, indwara ishobora kugaragara ku bantu bakingiwe, cyane cyane niba ubudahangarwa bumaze igihe kitari gito. Ariko kandi, abantu bakingiwe bafata diphteria bakunze kugira ibimenyetso bike kandi ibyago byo kugira ingaruka bike. Niyo mpamvu inkingo zongeyeho buri myaka 10 zisabwa kugira ngo uburinzi bukomeze.

Umuntu arandura diphteria igihe kingana iki?

Utavuwe, ushobora kwanduza diphteria mu mezi 2-4 ibimenyetso bitangiye. Ukoresheje ubuvuzi bw'antibiyotike, abantu benshi barahagarika kwanduza mu masaha 24-48. Muganga wawe azapima ipamba ryavuye mu munwa kugira ngo yemeze ko utakiri gutwara bagiteri mbere yo kukwemera gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe.

Diphtheria iracyakwirakwira he ku isi?

Diphtheria iracyahangayikishije mu bice bya Afurika, Aziya, Amerika y'Epfo, n'Uburayi bw'Iburasirazuba aho gukingira ari hasi. Ibihe bya vuba byagaragaye mu bihugu byibasiwe n'intambara cyangwa ikibazo cy'ubukungu. Niba uri bujye muri ibyo bice, menya neza ko inkingo zawe zuzuye mbere yo kugenda.

Itandukaniro hagati ya diphteria na strep throat ni irihe?

Nubwo zombi ziterwa no kubabara mu munwa, diphteria itera akariho k'umweru cyangwa umuhondo gakingiye umunwa n'impinja, mu gihe strep throat isanzwe igaragaza umunwa utukura, wabutswe hamwe n'ibice by'umweru. Diphtheria kandi itera guhumeka bigoranye cyane kandi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutima n'ubwonko, bitandukanye na strep throat.

Ingaruka za diphteria zishobora kuba izahoraho?

Ingaruka nyinshi za diphteria zikira burundu hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, nubwo gukira bishobora gutwara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. Kwangirikwa kw'umutima n'ubumuga bw'imitsi bisanzwe bikira uko igihe gihita, ariko indwara zikomeye zishobora kugira ingaruka ziramba. Niyo mpamvu gukumira hakoreshejwe inkingo n'ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane mu kwirinda ingaruka.