Icyo Umutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (Double Outlet Right Ventricle) Aricyo, Ibimenyetso Byayo, Ibitera, N'Uko Uvuzwa

Umutima ufite ibyumba bibiri byiza (DORV mu magambo y’icyongereza) ni uburwayi bwo kuvuka butandukanye, aho imiyoboro y’amaraso ijyana amaraso ava mu mutima ihurira ku ruhande rw’iburyo rw’umutima aho kuba imwe ihurira ku ruhande rw’ibumoso n’indi ku ruhande rw’iburyo. Ibi bivuze ko umutima w’umwana wawe utera amaraso mu buryo butari bwo, kandi ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo amaraso yuzuye umwuka agezwa mu mubiri we.

Ubu burwayi buva mu gihe cy’inda, igihe umutima w’umwana wawe ukirimo gukura. Nubwo bishobora kuba byumvikana nk’iby’ubwoba, abana benshi bafite DORV bashobora kubaho neza, bagakora imirimo myinshi, bafashwe neza n’abaganga.

Icyo Umutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV) Aricyo?

Mu mutima muzima, umuyoboro munini w’amaraso (aorta) uhurira ku ruhande rw’ibumoso rw’umutima, naho umuyoboro ujyana amaraso mu mwijima (pulmonary artery) uhurira ku ruhande rw’iburyo. Ariko mu mutima ufite ibyumba bibiri byiza, imiyoboro yombi ihurira ku ruhande rw’iburyo rw’umutima.

Tekereza ku mutima wawe nk’ufite ibyumba bibiri by’ingenzi by’iterabwoba. Uruhande rw’iburyo rusanzwe rwohereza amaraso mu mwijima kugira ngo afate umwuka, naho uruhande rw’ibumoso rwohereza amaraso yuzuye umwuka mu bindi bice by’umubiri. Iyo imiyoboro yombi ihuriye ku ruhande rw’iburyo, uburyo busanzwe bwo gutera amaraso buhindurwa.

Ubu burwayi bugira ingaruka ku buryo amaraso yuzuye umwuka agera ku mubiri w’umwana wawe n’ubwonko bwe. Uburemere bw’uburwayi bugaragara bitewe n’ubundi burwayi bw’umutima busanzwe bujyana na DORV, nko kuba hari ibyuho hagati y’ibyumba by’umutima.

Ubwoko bw’Umutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV)?

DORV ifite ubwoko butandukanye, kandi abaganga bayirondora hagendewe aho ibyuho byitwa ventricular septal defect (VSD) biherereye. Ibyo byuho bifasha amaraso kugenda mu bana bafite DORV.

Ubwoko nyamukuru harimo DORV iri munsi ya aorta (subaortic DORV), aho ibyuho biherereye munsi ya aorta, na DORV iri munsi y’umuyoboro ujyana amaraso mu mwijima (subpulmonary DORV), aho biherereye munsi y’umuyoboro ujyana amaraso mu mwijima. Hari kandi DORV ihuriye ku mihoho yombi (doubly committed DORV), aho ibyuho bihuriye ku mihoho yombi, na DORV itahuye neza n’umuyoboro (non-committed DORV), aho ibyuho bidafite aho bihuriye n’umuyoboro.

Buri bwoko bugira ingaruka zitandukanye ku buryo amaraso agenda, kandi bukeneye uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura. Umuganga w’umutima w’abana azamenya ubwoko bw’uburwayi umwana wawe afite akoresheje ibizamini by’amashusho n’ibindi bipimo.

Ibimenyetso by’Umutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV)?

Ibimenyetso bya DORV bigaragara mu byumweru cyangwa amezi ya mbere umwana avutse, nubwo bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n’uburyo ubwo burwayi bugira ingaruka ku buryo amaraso agenda. Bamwe mu bana bagaragaza ibimenyetso ako kanya, abandi bakaba batabigira kugeza nyuma.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona birimo:

• Uruhu rw’ibara ry’ubururu cyangwa umuhondo, cyane cyane ku minwa, iminwa, cyangwa ururimi (cyitwa cyanosis)
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kunywa cyangwa gucika intege vuba mu gihe cyo kunywa
• Guhumeka cyane cyangwa bigoye, nubwo uri kuruhuka
• Kudakura neza nubwo umwana anywa ihagije
• Kunyara cyane, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kunywa cyangwa gukora imirimo yoroheje
• Guhora arakaza cyangwa ararira mu buryo butasanzwe ku mwana wawe

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kurwara inkorora kenshi cyangwa guhura n’ibihe bahita baba bafite ibara ry’ubururu kandi bababara cyane. Ibi bihe, byitwa hypercyanotic spells, bisaba ubutabazi bw’abaganga ako kanya.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, abana bafite ubwoko bumwe bwa DORV bashobora kuboneka bafite ibara ryiza ariko nyuma bagatangira kugira ibimenyetso byo kunanirwa kw’umutima uko bakura. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo kubyimba mu maguru, mu nda, cyangwa hafi y’amaso.

Icyo Gitera Umutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV)?

DORV itera mu byumweru umunani bya mbere by’inda, igihe umutima w’umwana wawe ukirimo gukura. Impamvu nyamukuru ntiyaramenyekana neza, ariko bigaragara ko bibaho iyo imiyoboro minini y’amaraso idahindura imyanya neza uko umutima ukura.

Ibyinshi bibaho ku bushake nta mpamvu runaka cyangwa igikorwa cy’ababyeyi kibiteye. Ibi bivuze ko nta kintu wakoze cyangwa utakoze mu gihe cy’inda cyateye ubu burwayi.

Ariko kandi, hari ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago. Ibi birimo kuba ufite diyabete mu gihe cy’inda, gufata imiti imwe, cyangwa kuba ufite amateka yo mu muryango y’uburwayi bw’umutima bwo kuvuka. Hari n’ubundi burwayi bwa gene bw’umubiri nka DiGeorge syndrome cyangwa Down syndrome bishobora gutera DORV.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, kwandura indwara zimwe mu gihe cy’inda cyangwa ibintu byo mu kirere bishobora kugira uruhare. Ariko kandi, ibyinshi bibaho nta mpamvu igaragara, kandi ibi bishobora gutera agahinda ariko ni ibisanzwe.

Ibintu Bishobora Kongera Ibyago byo Kurwara Umutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV)?

Nubwo ibyinshi bya DORV bibaho ku bushake, hari ibintu bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kuyirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bishobora gufasha, ariko ni ingenzi kwibuka ko kuba ufite ibyo bintu ntibivuze ko DORV izabaho rwose.

Ibintu ku mubyeyi bishobora kongera ibyago birimo:

• Kuba ufite diyabete mbere cyangwa mu gihe cy’inda
• Guta imiti imwe nka anti-seizure drugs mu gihe cy’inda
• Kuba ufite imyaka irenga 35 igihe utwite
• Kuba waragize inda zabanje zafashwe n’uburwayi bw’umutima bwo kuvuka

Ibintu bya gene bishobora kugira uruhare mu bihe bimwe. Abana bafite uburwayi bwa chromosome nka Down syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, cyangwa 22q11.2 deletion syndrome bafite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara DORV.

Ibintu byo mu kirere mu gihe cy’inda, nko kwandura indwara zimwe cyangwa imiti, bishobora kugira uruhare mu bihe bidasanzwe. Ariko kandi, abana benshi bafite DORV bavukira ababyeyi badafite ibintu by’ibyago bigaragara.

Igihe Ukwiye Kubona Muganga Kubera Umutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV)?

Ukwiye guhamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba umwana wawe agaragaza ibimenyetso by’uburwayi bw’umutima, cyane cyane ibara ry’ubururu ku ruhu, ku minwa, cyangwa ku minwa. Iryo bara ry’ubururu, ryitwa cyanosis, rigaragaza ko umwana wawe atabona umwuka uhagije.

Ibindi bimenyetso byihutirwa birimo kugira ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, kudashaka kunywa neza, cyangwa ibihe umwana wawe ahita aba afite ibara ry’ubururu kandi ababara cyane. Ibi bisaba ubutabazi bw’abaganga ako kanya.

Ukwiye kandi kuvugana na muganga wawe niba umwana wawe asa n’ufite umunaniro udasanzwe mu gihe cyo kunywa, adakura neza, cyangwa arwara inkorora kenshi. Nubwo ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kuba bifite izindi mpamvu, bigomba gusuzuma iyo bihuriye hamwe.

Niba umwana wawe yamaze kuvurwa DORV, kujya gusuzuma buri gihe kwa muganga w’umutima w’abana ni ingenzi. Muhamagarire hagati y’ibisura niba ubona impinduka mu bimenyetso by’umwana wawe cyangwa ibimenyetso bishya bibangamira.

Ingaruka zishoboka z’Umutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV)?

Utuvuwe, DORV ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima n’iterambere ry’umwana wawe. Inkuru nziza ni uko ubufasha bw’abaganga, ibyinshi muri izo ngaruka bishobora kwirindwa cyangwa bigacungwa neza.

Ingaruka zisanzwe harimo:

• Kunanirirwa kw’umutima, aho umutima udashobora gutera amaraso neza
• Kudakura neza kubera umutima ukora cyane
• Kurwara inkorora kenshi kubera uburyo amaraso agenda
• Umuvuduko w’amaraso muri mwijima (pulmonary hypertension)
• Gutera kw’umutima kutameze neza bishobora gusaba gukurikiranwa cyangwa kuvurwa
• Ibyago byo kugira stroke kubera amaraso akabana, nubwo ibi bidasanzwe

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kugira icyo abaganga bita Eisenmenger syndrome, uburwayi buke ariko bukomeye aho umuvuduko w’amaraso muri mwijima utera impinduka zirambye. Ibi bisanzwe bibaho gusa mu gihe uburwayi butavuwe cyangwa buvumbuwe nyuma.

Ingaruka zihariye umwana wawe ashobora guhura nazo ziterwa cyane cyane n’ubwoko bwa DORV afite n’ubundi burwayi bw’umutima bujyana na bwo. Muganga w’umutima azakurikirana ibyo bibazo kandi azagerageza kubikumira akoresheje uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura.

Uko Umutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV) Usubizwa?

DORV isanzwe ivurwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi kugira ngo amaraso agenda neza kandi umutima ukore neza. Uburyo bwo kuvura bugenwa n’uburyo umwana wawe ameze n’ubundi burwayi bw’umutima afite.

Abana benshi bakeneye ubuvuzi bwinshi aho kuba ubuvuzi bumwe. Ubuvuzi bwa mbere busanzwe bukorwa mu buto kugira ngo hahindurwe ibimenyetso n’uburyo amaraso agenda. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo guhuza imiyoboro y’amaraso cyangwa gushyiraho imiyoboro y’agateganyo.

Intego nyamukuru ni ukugera ku cyo abaganga bita “two-ventricle repair,” aho ibyumba byombi by’umutima bishobora gukora neza. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo ubuvuzi nko guhindura imiyoboro y’amaraso cyangwa kuvugurura imiyoboro y’amaraso kugira ngo amaraso agenda neza.

Mu bihe “two-ventricle repair” idashoboka, abaganga bashobora kugira inama yo gukoresha uburyo bumwe bw’icyumba cy’umutima. Ibi bisobanura ubuvuzi butatu buzafasha icyumba kimwe cy’umutima gukora akazi ko gutera amaraso kose.

Hagati y’ubuvuzi, umwana wawe ashobora kuba akeneye imiti ifasha umutima we gukora neza cyangwa ikarinda ingaruka. Iyo miti ishobora kuba harimo imiti igabanya amazi cyangwa imiti ifasha umutima gukora.

Uko Wita ku Mwana Wawe Mu Rugo Mu Gihe Avurwa Umutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV)?

Kwita ku mwana ufite DORV mu rugo bisaba ibintu byinshi by’ingenzi kugira ngo agume ameze neza kandi yorohewe hagati y’ibisura kwa muganga. Ikipe y’abaganga izakugira inama zihariye zikubereye.

Kunywa kenshi bisaba kwitabwaho cyane kuko abana bafite DORV bashobora gucika intege vuba. Ushobora kuba ukeneye kumuha ibinyobwa bike, bikunze, cyangwa gukoresha amacupa yihariye yorohereza kunywa. Bamwe mu bana bagira inyungu mu mazi yuzuye intungamubiri kugira ngo bakure neza.

Kwirinda ibimenyetso bisaba ubutabazi bw’abaganga ako kanya, nko kugira ibara ry’ubururu ryongereye, kugira ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mu kunywa cyangwa mu mirimo. Gabanya nimero za telefone z’ubutabazi.

Umwana wawe ashobora kuba akeneye kurindwa indwara zimwe, cyane cyane izifata mu myanya y’ubuhumekero. Ibi bishobora kuba bisobanura kugabanya kujya mu bantu benshi mu gihe cy’imbeho n’ibicurane cyangwa kuba abagize umuryango bose bafite inkingo.

Gukurikiza gahunda y’imiti ni ingenzi niba umwana wawe afata imiti y’umutima. Ntuzigere urekura umuti udahamagaye muganga, kandi ube ufite imiti y’ubufasha mu gihe cy’impanuka cyangwa ingendo.

Uko Wakwitegura Kugenda kwa Muganga?

Kwitegura kujya kwa muganga bishobora gufasha kugira ngo ubone ibyiza byinshi muri buri sura kandi utibagiwe ibibazo cyangwa impungenge z’ingenzi. Ube ufite urutonde rw’ibimenyetso cyangwa impinduka wabonye hagati y’ibisura.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose umwana wawe afata, harimo n’umwanya wo kuyinywa. Kandi uzane ibyanditswe by’uburemere, uburyo bwo kunywa, cyangwa imirimo niba wabikurikiranye mu rugo.

Andika ibibazo mbere kuko kujya kwa muganga bishobora kuba byumvikana nk’iby’ubwoba. Ibibazo bisanzwe bishobora kuba harimo kubaza ku bijyanye no kugabanya imirimo, ibimenyetso byo kwirinda, cyangwa igihe ubuvuzi buzaba bukenewe.

Niba bishoboka, zana undi muntu mu bisura. Kugira undi muntu bishobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe no kugufasha mu gihe cy’ibiganiro bishobora kuba byumvikana nk’iby’ubwoba.

Ntugatinye gusaba ko basobanura niba amagambo y’ubuvuzi cyangwa gahunda yo kuvura asa n’ay’ubwoba. Ikipe y’abaganga ishaka ko usobanukirwa uburwayi bw’umwana wawe kandi ukaba ufite icyizere mu buvuzi bwe.

Uko Wakwirinda Umutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV)?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta buryo bwo kwirinda DORV buzwi kuko itera ku bushake mu gihe cy’inda mu bihe byinshi. Ibi bishobora kuba byumvikana nk’iby’agahinda, ariko ni ingenzi gusobanukirwa ko nta kintu wakoze cyateye ubu burwayi.

Ariko kandi, hari ingamba rusange mu gihe cy’inda zishobora gufasha iterambere ry’umutima w’umwana. Ibi birimo gufata intungamubiri z’inda zirimo acide folique, gucunga diyabete neza niba uyifite, no kwirinda inzoga n’itabi.

Niba uteganya inda z’ejo hazaza kandi ufite amateka yo mu muryango y’uburwayi bw’umutima bwo kuvuka, kugisha inama umuganga w’indwara za gene bishobora gufasha. Uwo muganga ashobora kukubwira ibyago byawe n’ibizamini bishoboka.

Kwita ku buzima bw’inda buri gihe bituma hamenyekana hakiri kare niba hari uburwayi bw’umutima buzabaho. Nubwo ibi bidakurinda DORV, biha amahirwe yo kwitegura neza no gutegura uko uzakwita ku mwana wawe nyuma yo kuvuka.

Icyo Ugomba Kumenya Ku Mutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV)?

DORV ni uburwayi bukomeye bw’umutima ariko buvurwa, bugira ingaruka ku buryo amaraso agenda mu mutima w’umwana wawe. Nubwo kuvumbura ubu burwayi bishobora kuba byumvikana nk’iby’ubwoba, abana benshi bafite DORV bakura neza, bagakora imirimo myinshi, bafashwe neza n’abaganga.

Icy’ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ni ugukorana n’abaganga b’inzobere mu kuvura umutima w’abana, bazakuyobora mu gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura. Uburwayi bwa buri mwana ni bwihariye, kandi gahunda yo kuvura igenwa hagendewe ku buryo umwana ameze n’ibyo akeneye.

Wibuke ko gutinya, guhangayika, cyangwa gucika intege ni ibisanzwe iyo ubonye uburwayi nka DORV. Ntugatinye kubaza ibibazo, gusaba ko baganga bandi bakurebera, no kuvugana n’abantu bafite ubu burwayi cyangwa imiryango yabanyuzemo.

Kubera iterambere mu kuvura umutima w’abana no kwitabwaho buri gihe, ubuzima bw’abana bafite DORV bukomeza kuba bwiza. Ibanda ku gukora ibintu buhoro buhoro no kwishimira intsinzi nto uko zigenda zigaragara.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa Ku Mutima Ufite Ibyumba Bibiri Byiza (DORV)

Q1. Ese umwana wanjye azashobora gukina imikino no gukora imirimo ngororamubiri?

Abana benshi bavuwe DORV neza bashobora gukora imirimo ngororamubiri, nubwo amabwiriza yihariye aturuka ku buryo umutima wabo ukora n’amateka y’ubuvuzi. Muganga w’umutima w’abana azasuzumira uko umutima w’umwana wawe ukora kandi azatanga amabwiriza yihariye.

Bamwe mu bana bashobora kutagira amabwiriza na gato, abandi bakaba bakeneye kwirinda imikino ikomeye cyane. Intego ni ukubona uburyo bukwiye bufasha umwana wawe kuguma akora imirimo ngororamubiri kandi ameze neza, ariko umutima we ukaba ukingiwe.

Q2. Ese umwana wanjye azakenera ubuvuzi bwingana gute?

Ubuvuzi bukeneye butandukana cyane bitewe n’ubwoko bwa DORV umwana wawe afite n’ubundi burwayi bw’umutima afite. Bamwe mu bana bakeneye ubuvuzi bumwe cyangwa bubiri, abandi bakaba bakeneye ubuvuzi butatu cyangwa burenze mu myaka myinshi.

Ikipe y’abaganga izategura gahunda yuzuye hakiri kare, nubwo ishobora guhinduka uko umwana wawe akura. Bazahora bagamije kugabanya umubare w’ubuvuzi mu gihe bagera ku mikorere myiza y’umutima.

Q3. Ese ni ikihe kintu cyiza cyo kwitega ku bana bafite DORV mu gihe kirekire?

Ibintu byiza byo kwitega byarushijeho kuba byiza mu myaka mike ishize kubera iterambere mu kuvura umutima w’abana. Abana benshi bafite DORV bakura neza, bajya kwiga, bakora imirimo, ndetse bagira n’imiryango.

Ariko kandi, abenshi bazakenera gukurikiranwa n’abaganga b’umutima ubuzima bwabo bwose kugira ngo bakurikirane uko umutima wabo ukora kandi bakareba ingaruka zidasanzwe. Ibyo kwitega bihariye biterwa n’ibintu nko kuba ubwoko bwa DORV, uburwayi bujyana na bwo, n’uburyo ubuvuzi bukorwa neza mu gihe.

Q4. Ese abagore bafite DORV bashobora kubyara neza?

Abagore benshi bavuwe DORV neza bashobora kubyara neza, nubwo ibi bisaba gutegura neza no kwitabwaho cyane. Icyemezo giterwa n’ibintu nko gukora neza kw’umutima, uburwayi busigaye, n’ubuzima muri rusange.

Abagore bateganya gutwita bagomba gukorana n’abaganga b’umutima n’inzobere mu kuvura abagore batwite kugira ngo basuzume ibyago kandi bategurire gahunda yuzuye yo kwitabwaho. Ukurikiwe neza, abagore benshi bafite DORV bagira inda nziza n’abana bazima.

Q5. Ese umwana wanjye azakenera gufata imiti y’umutima ubuzima bwe bwose?

Si abana bose bafite DORV bakeneye imiti ubuzima bwabo bwose, ariko bamwe bashobora kuba bakeneye kuvurwa buri gihe bitewe n’uko umutima wabo ukora nyuma yo kuvurwa. Imiti isanzwe ishobora kuba harimo imiti igabanya amaraso, imiti y’umutima, cyangwa imiti ifasha umutima gukora.

Ukeneye imiti y’umwana wawe izajya isuzumwa uko akura n’uko umutima we ukora. Bamwe mu bana bashobora guhagarika imiti imwe, abandi bakaba bakeneye kuyikomeza igihe kirekire kugira ngo umutima wabo ube muzima.