Kugwingira kwa Macula Yumye ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, & Ubuvuzi

Kugwingira kwa macula yumye ni ukwenda kwangirika kw’uturemangingo twumva umucyo mu gice cy’imbere y’umunyuramyaka wawe, twitwa macula. Iyi ndwara ituma uko iminsi igenda ishira ubona nabi mu gice cy’imbere cy’amaso yawe, bigatuma bigorana kubona ibintu bito bito nka maso cyangwa amagambo. Ni bwo bwoko bugaragara cyane bw’indwara y’amaso iterwa n’imyaka, ikaba iza ku bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi hose, kandi nubwo bishobora gutera impungenge kumenya ibyayo, kuyumva bigufasha gufata ingamba zo kwita ku buzima bw’amaso yawe.

Kugwingira kwa macula yumye ni iki?

Kugwingira kwa macula yumye bibaho iyo ibintu bito by’umuhondo byitwa drusen byiyongereye munsi y’umunyuramyaka wawe. Macula yawe ishinzwe kureba neza, mu gice cy’imbere cy’amaso, bigatuma usoma, utwara ikinyabiziga, kandi ukamenya amaso y’abantu neza. Iyo utwo turemangingo dutangiye kugabanuka kandi tukangirika, ubona nabi mu gice cy’imbere cy’amaso yawe.

Iyi ndwara isanzwe itera gahoro gahoro mu myaka myinshi. Bitandukanye n’indwara y’amaso ya macula y’amazi, ubwoko bumye ntabwo burimo ukura kw’imijyana y’amaraso idasanzwe cyangwa impinduka z’ubona butunguranye. Tekereza ko ari ukwambara gahoro gahoro kuruta ikibazo gikomeye.

Abantu benshi barwaye indwara y’amaso ya macula bafite ubwoko bumye, bugera kuri 85-90% by’ibyo byose. Nubwo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe, abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima bwabo neza babifashijwemo no gufata ingamba zo kwirinda no guhindura uburyo bakora ibintu.

Ibimenyetso byo kugwingira kwa macula yumye ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere byo kugwingira kwa macula yumye bikunze kugaragara gahoro gahoro ku buryo ushobora kutamenya ko biriho. Ubwonko bwawe buhora bufasha mu guhindura uburyo ubona ibintu, bisobanura ko ibimenyetso bishobora kukugeraho buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka.

Dore ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ugomba kwitondera:

• Kubura cyangwa gufatika kw’ibyerekeyezo byo hagati bigatuma gusoma bigorana
• Guhitamo urumuri rwinshi iyo ukora akazi gasaba kwegereza amaso
• Kugorana kumenya imyirondoro y’abantu uhereye kure
• Imirongo igaragara nk’iyinyuze cyangwa yavogereye
• Ibara ry’umwijima cyangwa ahantu habi cyane mu kibyerekeyezo cyawe cyo hagati
• Amabara asa n’atatakaje ubwiza cyangwa yaciye ibara
• Kugorana kwihanganira amatara make

Izi mpinduka zibaho kubera ko macula yawe idatangaza umucyo neza nk’uko byahoze. Inkuru nziza ni uko kwangirika kwa macula yumye bidatera ubuhumyi bwuzuye kuko ubusanzwe ubona neza ku mpande.

Ni izihe ngero z’ubwangirike bwa macula yumye?

Ubwangirike bwa macula yumye buzamuka binyuze mu byiciro bitatu bitandukanye, buri kimwe gifite imico n’ingaruka zitandukanye ku kibyerekeyezo cyawe. Gusobanukirwa ibi byiciro bigufasha kumenya icyo witeze kandi igihe ukwiye gushaka ubufasha bundi.

Icyiciro cya mbere cy’ubwangirike bwa macula yumye kigizwe n’ibintu bito bya drusen biri munsi y’umwijima wawe. Ubusanzwe ntuzabona impinduka z’ibyerekeyezo muri iki gihe, kandi iyi ndwara isanzwe iboneka mu bipimo bisanzwe by’amaso. Iki cyiciro gishobora kumara imyaka myinshi kidakomeza.

Icyiciro cya kabiri kizana drusen nini cyangwa impinduka z’ibara mu mwijima wawe. Ushobora gutangira kubona impinduka nto z’ibyerekeyezo, nko gukeneye urumuri rwinshi kugira ngo usoma cyangwa gufatika gato mu kibyerekeyezo cyawe cyo hagati. Bamwe mu bantu bagira agace gato k’ubuhumyi mu kibyerekeyezo cyabo cyo hagati.

Icyiciro cya gatatu kigizwe no kwangirika cyane kw’uturemangingo twumva umucyo n’imiterere y’inkunga muri macula yawe. Iki cyiciro gitera igihombo gikomeye cy’ibyerekeyezo byo hagati bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa bya buri munsi nko gusoma, gutwara ibinyabiziga, cyangwa kumenya imyirondoro y’abantu. Ariko rero, ubona neza ku mpande.

Ni iki gitera ubwangirike bwa macula yumye?

Uburwayi bwa macular degeneration yumye butera iyo uturemangingo duto two mu macula yaguye buhoro buhoro uko igihe gihita. Nubwo tutazi neza impamvu ibi bibaho kuri bamwe ariko bikaba bitabayeho kuri abandi, abashakashatsi bamaze kumenya ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare muri uyu mucyo.

Impamvu nyamukuru n’ibindi bituma bibaho birimo:

• Ubusaza bw’umubiri bugira ingaruka ku turemangingo twa retina
• Ibintu by’umuzuko wavuyemo mu muryango
• Oxidative stress yangiza imiterere y’uturemangingo
• Igucika ry’amaraso ajya muri macula uko igihe gihita
• Kwiyongera kw’ibicuruzwa by’imyanda y’uturemangingo
• Kubabara mu mitsi ya retina
• Ibintu byo mu kirere nko kwibasirwa n’izuba

Ubusaza buguma ari bwo kintu gikomeye cyane gishobora gutera iyi ndwara, aho abenshi bayirwara nyuma y’imyaka 60. Ariko, kugira ibintu bishobora gutera iyi ndwara ntibihamya ko uzayirwara. Abantu benshi bafite ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera iyi ndwara ntibayirwara, mu gihe abandi bafite bike bayirwara.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera uburwayi bwa macular degeneration yumye?

Wagombye gupanga isuzuma ry’amaso niba ubona impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu kubona kwawe kw’ibintu biri hafi, nubwo zasa nkaho ari nto. Kumenya hakiri kare biguha amahirwe meza yo kugabanya umuvuduko w’iyi ndwara no kwihanganira impinduka iyo ari yo yose.

Vugana na muganga wawe w’amaso vuba niba ubona impinduka zidasanzwe mu kubona kwawe, nko kwiyongera k’ubushyuhe cyangwa ibintu bishya utabona. Nubwo uburwayi bwa macular degeneration yumye busanzwe buzamuka buhoro buhoro, hari igihe bushobora guhinduka uburwayi bukomeye bwa wet form, busaba ubufasha bw’ihutirwa.

Isuzuma ry’amaso buri gihe riba rikenewe cyane nyuma y’imyaka 50, nubwo utazi ko ufite ikibazo cyo kubona. Muganga wawe w’amaso ashobora kubona impinduka hakiri kare mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragara kandi akagufasha kumva ibintu bishobora gutera iyi ndwara kuri wowe.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera uburwayi bwa macular degeneration yumye?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y’amaso yitwa dry macular degeneration, nubwo kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzayirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe ku giti cyawe bigufasha gufata ibyemezo by’ubushishozi bijyanye no kwirinda no kugenzura.

Ibintu by’ingenzi byongera ibyago birimo:

• Kuba ufite imyaka irenga 60, ibyago bikazamuka buri cumi cya myaka
• Amateka y’umuryango w’indwara ya macular degeneration
• Kunywa itabi cyangwa kuba waranywe itabi
• Kuba ufite uruhu rw’abazungu
• Kuba w’umugore
• Kugira amaso y’umweru
• Indwara z’umutima
• Umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru
• Ubumenyi
• Kugaragara cyane ku zuba nta kurinda amaso

Uduce tumwe na tumwe tw’indwara z’impyiko zidasanzwe zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu bakiri bato, cyane cyane abafite ibibazo by’impyiko byavuka, nka Stargardt disease. Izi mpinduka z’impyiko ni nke cyane ariko zishobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa mu myaka mike.

Nubwo udashobora guhindura ibintu nka myaka cyangwa imvange, ushobora guhangana n’ibyago bishobora guhinduka nko kunywa itabi, indyo, no kurinda izuba kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago cyangwa ugabanye umuvuduko.

Ni iki gishobora kuba ingaruka z’indwara ya dry macular degeneration?

Ingaruka nyamukuru y’indwara ya dry macular degeneration ni uguhomba ubushobozi bwo kubona neza mu gice cy’amaso, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mirimo yawe ya buri munsi. Nubwo ibyo bishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa ibyo utegereje bigufasha kwitegura no kwihanganira neza.

Ingaruka zisanzwe harimo:

• Kugorana gusoma ibitabo bisanzwe
• Kugorana gutwara ibinyabiziga, cyane cyane nijoro
• Kugorana kumenya imyirondoro y’abantu
• Kugorana gukora imirimo isaba ubushishozi nko guteka cyangwa imirimo y’ubuhanzi
• Ibyago byo kugwa bikazamuka kubera impinduka z’ububone
• Kwikurura mu muryango kubera ibibazo by’ububone

Ingaruka zidakunze kugaragara ariko zikomeye zibaho iyo indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye ihinduka indwara y’amaso ya macular itose. Ibi bibaho mu kigero cya 10-15% by’ababafite kandi bikubiyemo ukura kw’imijyana y’amaraso bitera igihombo cyihuse cy’ubuhanga bwo kubona.

Gucika intege no guhangayika bishobora kandi kuza uko abantu bagenda bahura n’impinduka z’ubuhanga bwo kubona. Ariko, hakoreshejwe ubufasha bukwiye, ibikoresho byo guhuza, rimwe na rimwe no kugisha inama, abantu benshi bagumana ubwigenge bwabo n’imibereho myiza.

Uko indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye ishobora gukumirwa

Nubwo utayashobora gukumira burundu indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye, cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago by’impeshyi, ushobora gufata ingamba nyinshi zishobora kugabanya ibyago byayo cyangwa kugabanya umuvuduko wayo. Aya mahitamo yo kubaho agirira akamaro ubuzima bwawe bwose.

Ingamba zo gukumira zirimo:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye imboga z’icyatsi kibisi n’imboga zifite amabara menshi
• Kureka itabi no kwirinda umwotsi w’itabi
• Kwambara izibuza izuba hanze
• Kugira ibiro bikwiye
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe kugira ngo ushyigikire imiterere y’amaraso
• Kumenya uko ubwinshi bw’amaraso n’ikolesterol bimeze
• Guta vitamine za AREDS niba muganga wawe abikugira inama

Vitamine za AREDS (Age-Related Eye Disease Study) zirimo intungamubiri runaka nka vitamine C, vitamine E, zinc, na lutein bishobora gufasha kugabanya umuvuduko mu bantu bafite indwara iri hagati. Ariko, ibi bintu byongera ntabwo bikwiriye buri wese, bityo banza ubiganireho na muganga wawe.

Uko indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye imenyekanishwa

Kumenya indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye bikubiyemo ibizamini bitagira ububabare bitanga amakuru arambuye ku muganga wawe w’amaso ku buzima bw’umunyuramyenge wawe. Uyu mukino urashobora kumara isaha imwe kandi utanga amakuru y’agaciro ku cyiciro n’umuvuduko w’uburwayi bwawe.

Umuganga wawe w’amaso azatangira akugenzura amaso muri rusange, harimo gupima uko ubona n’kugurumana kw’ishati ry’ijisho. Azakoresha ibikoresho byihariye kugira ngo arebe retina yawe, ashake ibimenyetso bya drusen n’ibindi bihinduka biranga indwara y’umwijima w’amahuriro.

Ibizamini byiyongereyeho bishobora kuba birimo optical coherence tomography (OCT), ikora amashusho y’ibice bya retina, na fluorescein angiography igenzura imiterere y’amaraso mu mitsi ya retina. Ikizamini cya Amsler grid gifasha kumenya impinduka mu kubona udashobora kuba wigeze ubona.

Kumenya hakiri kare ni ingenzi kuko bituma habaho gukurikirana neza no kuvugurura hakiri kare niba iyi ndwara ikomeza. Abantu benshi batungurwa no kumenya ko bafite indwara y’umwijima w’amahuriro mu ntangiriro kuko ibimenyetso bishobora kutaragaragara.

Ubuvuzi bw’indwara y’umwijima w’amahuriro ni iki?

Kuri ubu, nta muti w’indwara y’umwijima w’amahuriro, ariko hari ubuvuzi butandukanye bushobora gufasha kugabanya umuvuduko wayo no gucunga ibimenyetso neza. Uburyo bwo kuvura biterwa n’icyiciro cyawe cy’indwara n’imimerere yawe bwite.

Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo:

• Vitamine za AREDS ku cyiciro cyo hagati n’icyiciro kirushaho kuba kibi
• Gusana no guhugura amaso adasobanutse
• Ibikoresho byongera ubunini n’ibikoresho byoroshya
• Kwongera umucyo wo gusoma no gukora imirimo
• Ubuvuzi bw’amaso kugira ngo ubone ubushobozi bwo kubona bushigajuye
• Gukurikirana buri gihe kugira ngo harebwe uko indwara ikomeza

Ku ndwara y’umwijima w’amahuriro ikomeye, ubuvuzi bushya nka geographic atrophy injections buracyiga kandi bushobora kuboneka. Ubu buvuzi bugamije kugabanya umuvuduko w’urupfu rw’uturemangingo muri macula.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane mu buvuzi ni ugukorana n’inzobere mu kuvura amaso adasobanutse, bazagufasha kwihanganira impinduka no kubungabunga ubwigenge bwawe. Abantu benshi batangazwa n’uburyo bashobora gukora neza bafite ibikoresho n’ubuhanga bikwiye.

Uko wakwitwara mu rugo ufite indwara y’umwijima w’amahuriro?

Kwita ku burwayi bwa macular degeneration yumye mu rugo bisobanura gukora impinduka zifatika zigufasha gukomeza ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi mu mutekano no mu bwigenge. Impinduka ntoya zishobora gutanga itandukaniro rikomeye mu mibereho yawe.

Tangira unoze amatara mu rugo rwawe hose, cyane cyane ahantu usoma cyangwa ukora imirimo isaba ubwitonzi. Amatara ya LED atanga umucyo mwinshi kandi usobanutse adakora ubushyuhe. Tegura amatara yo gukora imirimo runaka nko gusoma cyangwa guteka.

Tegura ahantu utuye kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kugwa kandi woroshye inzira. Kuraho amakarito, komeza intambwe zimeze neza, kandi ukoreshe amabara atandukanye kugira ngo ubone itandukaniro hagati y’imiterere n’ibintu.

Ibikoresho byo kwagura bishobora kugufasha gusoma, kuva ku bikoresho byoroshye byo mu ntoki kugeza ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga byagura amagambo kuri ecran. Ibitabo binini, ibikoresho bivuga, na porogaramu za terefone zigenewe gufasha abafite ikibazo cy’amaso bishobora kandi gufasha cyane.

Wategura gute uruzinduko kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko rwawe ku mvugo z’amaso bigufasha guhamya ko uboneye ubufasha burambuye kandi ubashe kubona ibisubizo by’ibibazo byawe byose. Gutegura gato bituma uruzinduko ruba ingirakamaro kuri wowe na muganga.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti n’ibindi byongera imbaraga ukoresha byose, harimo n’ibyo ugura udafite resept. Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku maso yawe cyangwa ikagira ingaruka ku buvuzi muganga ashobora kugutekerezaho.

Andika impinduka zose wabonye mu maso yawe, kabone nubwo zasa nkeya. Vuga igihe wabibonye bwa mbere, niba birimo kuba bibi, n’uburyo bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa uko uburwayi bwawe bugenda.

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti kugira ngo aguhe ubufasha kwibuka amakuru y’ingenzi no kugufasha mu gutwara ibinyabiziga niba amaso yawe azaba yagutse. Tegura urutonde rw’ibibazo ku burwayi bwawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, n’icyo witeze mu gihe kiri imbere.

Ni iki gikomeye wakura mu byerekeye indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye?

Indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa, nubwo ari ikomeye, ntabwo igomba kugabanya ubuzima bwawe cyane. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuyivura hakiri kare bishobora kugufasha kubungabunga ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubona no kuguma ufite ubwigenge imyaka myinshi iri imbere.

Intambwe ikomeye ni ukuguma ufite umubano mwiza n’abaganga bawe b’amaso no gukurikiza ibizamini bisanzwe. Abantu benshi barwaye indwara ya macular yumye bakomeza kubaho neza, bagira ibikorwa byinshi, bahindura uburyo bakora imirimo ya buri munsi kandi bakoresha uburyo buhari.

Wibuke ko ubufasha buhari binyuze mu bahanga mu kuvura amaso adafite ubushobozi bwo kubona neza, amatsinda y’ubufasha, n’ikoranabuhanga rifasha. Ntabwo uri wenyine muri uru rugendo, kandi ufite ibikoresho bikwiye n’imitekerereze myiza, ushobora gutsinda ibibazo bishobora kuvuka.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku bijyanye n’indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye

Ese indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye izantuma mpfa kureba?

Indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye ntabwo ikunze gutera ubuhumyi bwuzuye. Nubwo ishobora kugira ingaruka ku kubona kwawe hagati, kubona kwawe ku mpande bisanzwe bikomeza, bigutuma ukomeza kugenda kandi ukagira ubwigenge. Abantu benshi bahindura uko babigenza neza bafite ubufasha n’ibikoresho bikwiye.

Umuvuduko w’indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye ni uwuhe?

Indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye isanzwe itera gahoro gahoro imyaka myinshi. Inzego za mbere zishobora kuguma zimeze neza imyaka myinshi, mu gihe inzego zo hagati zishobora gutera izindi ndwara zikomeye mu myaka myinshi. Gukurikirana buri gihe bigufasha gukurikirana impinduka zose mu muvuduko w’indwara.

Ese indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye ishobora kwibasira amaso yombi?

Yego, indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye ishobora kwibasira amaso yombi, nubwo ikunze kugaragara mu jisho rimwe mbere. Niba uyifite mu jisho rimwe, ufite ibyago byinshi byo kuyibona mu jisho irindi igihe kirekire. Ariko, iterambere n’uburemere bishobora gutandukana cyane hagati y’amaso.

Ese hari uburyo bushya bwo kuvura burimo gutegurwa?

Abashakashatsi baracyiga imiti mishya yo kuvura indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye, harimo ubuvuzi bw’uturemangingo, ubuvuzi bw’imiterere, n’imiti igabanya umuvuduko wa atrophy ya géographique. Imiti imwe yo kuvura AMD yumye ikomeye iherutse kwemezwa na FDA, itanga ikizere gishya ku barwayi.

Mbese nakureka gutwara ikinyabiziga niba mfite indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye?

Si ngombwa. Abantu benshi bafite indwara y’amaso ya macular yumye mu ntangiriro cyangwa hagati bashobora gukomeza gutwara ikinyabiziga mu mutekano, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’amanywa. Ariko rero, ugomba gukorerwa isuzuma ry’ubuhanga bwo kubona buri gihe kandi ukavuga ukuri ku ngorane uhanganye nazo. Muganga wawe w’amaso ashobora kugufasha kumenya igihe guhindura uburyo bwo gutwara cyangwa guhagarika gutwara byaba bikwiriye ku bw’umutekano.