Emphysema ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Emphysema ni indwara y'ibihaha ituma guhumeka bigenda bigorana uko iminsi igenda. Iyo indwara ibaho iyo utubuto duto two mu bihaha, twitwa alveoli, twangirika tukabuza ibihaha kubyimbagira no gusubira mu buryo nk’uko bikwiye.

Tekereza ku bihaha bizima nk’utubuto duto tubyimbagira kandi tukagenda tubyimbagira neza buri gihe uhumeka. Iyo ufite emphysema, utwo “tubuto” tubyimbagira cyane kandi ntibishobora gusubira mu buryo bwabyo. Ibi bituma umwuka w’ikirere uhagaze mu bihaha byawe kandi bigatuma bigorana ko umwuka mushya w’oxygène winjira.

Emphysema ni kimwe mu ndwara z’ibihaha zitwa chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nubwo itera gahoro gahoro mu myaka myinshi, gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zo kurinda ubuzima bw’ibihaha byawe no guhumeka neza.

Ibimenyetso bya Emphysema ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cya mbere cyane cya emphysema ni kumva uhumeka nabi igihe ukora ibikorwa wari usanzwe ukora utabigoye. Ushobora kubona icyo kimenyetso bwa mbere igihe uzamuka igitanda, ugenda uzamuka umusozi, cyangwa ukora imirimo yo mu rugo itari ikugora mbere.

Uko emphysema igenda ikomeza, ushobora kugira ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi:

• Inkorora idashira ishobora gukuraho umusemburo usobanutse cyangwa umweru
• Guhumeka kw’umwuka cyangwa amajwi y’uruhurirane igihe uhumeka
• Kubabara mu gituza kumva nk’umukandara uri ku mababi yawe
• Kumva unaniwe cyangwa udakomeye, cyane cyane nyuma yo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Kwandura kenshi kw’ubuhumekero nka kanseri cyangwa bronchitis
• Gutakaza ibiro bitateganijwe kuko guhumeka bisaba imbaraga nyinshi
• Kubyimbagira mu birenge, mu birenge, cyangwa mu maguru

Mu bihe bikomeye, bamwe mu bantu bagira ibara ry’ubururu ku minwa cyangwa ku misumari, ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko urwego rw’oxygène mu maraso ari hasi. Icyo ni ikimenyetso gikomeye gisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Kumbuka ko ibimenyetso bya emphysema bigenda bigaragara gahoro gahoro, akenshi mu myaka 10 kugeza kuri 20. Abantu benshi batangira bakirengagiza ibimenyetso bya mbere nk’ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo gusaza cyangwa kuba batakora imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Intandaro za Emphysema ni izihe?

Itabi riba intandaro ya 85 kugeza kuri 90% by’ibibazo byose bya emphysema. Ibinyabutabire bibangirika biri mu tabi bigenda byangiza inkuta z’utubuto duto two mu bihaha mu myaka myinshi yo kwandura.

Ariko rero, itabi si yo ntandaro yonyine. Hari ibindi bintu byinshi bishobora kwangiza ibihaha byawe bikagutera emphysema:

• Kumanuka igihe kirekire mu kirere cyanduye gituruka ku modoka, imyanda y’inganda, cyangwa amatanura akoresha ibiti
• Kumanuka mu kazi mu myuka mibi, umukungugu, cyangwa imyanda idafite uburinzi bukwiye
• Kumanuka mu mwuka w’itabi, cyane cyane mu bwana cyangwa mu myaka myinshi
• Kwandura kenshi kw’ubuhumekero bituma habaho kubyimbagira mu bihaha byawe
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, indwara idasanzwe y’umuzuko igira ingaruka ku bantu umwe kuri 2.500

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency ikwiye kuvugwa cyane kuko ishobora gutera emphysema ndetse no mu bantu batanywa itabi. Iyo ndwara irazwe bivuze ko umubiri wawe utabasha gukora proteine ihagije irindira ibihaha byawe kwangirika.

Rimwe na rimwe, ibintu byinshi bifatanije kwangiza ibihaha byawe. Urugero, umuntu ufite iyo ndwara y’umuzuko ashobora kugira emphysema vuba cyane niba ananywa itabi cyangwa agakora hafi y’ibintu bibangirika.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera emphysema?

Ukwiye guhamagara muganga wawe niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka nabi kibangamira ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi cyangwa kigenda kirushaho kuba kibi uko iminsi igenda. Nubwo ibimenyetso bigaragara nk’ibito, kuvumbura hakiri kare bishobora gufasha kugabanya ukwangirika kw’ibihaha.

Ntugatege amatwi gushaka ubuvuzi niba ubona ibi bimenyetso byihutirwa:

• Kugenda nabi kw’ikibazo cyo guhumeka
• Kubabara mu gituza bidashira
• Gukorora amaraso cyangwa umusemburo ufite ibara ry’umuringa
• Ibara ry’ubururu ku minwa cyangwa ku misumari
• Kunaniuka cyane bidindiza ibikorwa bisanzwe
• Kwandura kenshi cyangwa indwara

Niba uri umunywi wa tabiri cyangwa wari umunywi wa tabiri ufite imyaka irenga 40, tekereza kubaza muganga wawe ibizamini byo gupima imikorere y’ibihaha nubwo udafite ibimenyetso bigaragara. Kwizamirira hakiri kare bishobora gufata emphysema mbere yuko igira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe.

Kumbuka ko gushaka ubufasha hakiri kare biguha amahirwe meza yo kubungabunga imikorere y’ibihaha byawe no gukomeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mu myaka iri imbere.

Ibyago byo kurwara Emphysema ni ibihe?

Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara emphysema, bimwe muri byo bikaba ari ibyo ushobora kugenzura ibindi bikaba ari ibintu byawe bwite cyangwa ibintu byabaye mu buzima bwawe.

Ibyago bikomeye ushobora kugenzura birimo:

• Kunywisha itabi, sigare, cyangwa ibinyobwa by’itabi
• Kumanuka mu mwuka w’itabi
• Gukora hafi y’ibintu bibangirika, umukungugu, cyangwa imyanda utabitse
• Kuba mu duce dufite umwuka mwinshi wanduye
• Kugira indwara z’ubuhumekero zidakize neza

Hari ibyago udashobora kugenzura ariko bikaba bikomeye kubyumva:

• Kuba ufite imyaka irenga 40, kuko kwangirika kw’ibihaha byiyongera uko iminsi igenda
• Kugira alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
• Kuba umugabo, nubwo icyo cyuho kigenda kigabanuka uko umubare w’abanywa itabi ugenda ugabanuka
• Kugira amateka yo mu muryango wa emphysema cyangwa COPD
• Kuzalirwa utarakuze, ibyo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku iterambere ry’ibihaha

Kugira kimwe cyangwa ibyago byinshi ntibikwizeza ko uzagira emphysema, ariko biyongera amahirwe yawe. Inkuru nziza ni uko guhitamo ubuzima bwiza bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byawe, nubwo ufite ibintu udashobora guhindura.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Emphysema ni izihe?

Uko emphysema igenda ikomeza, ishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima bitagira ingaruka ku bihaha byawe gusa ahubwo ku mubiri wawe wose. Gusobanukirwa izo ngaruka zishoboka bishobora kugufasha gukorana n’itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi kugira ngo ubirinde cyangwa ubigenzure neza.

Ingaruka z’ubuhumekero akenshi ni ibyo bahangayikishwa cyane:

• Pneumothorax, cyangwa ibihaha byaguye, ibyo bibaho iyo utubuto two mu bihaha twangirika ducika
• Kwandura kenshi kw’ubuhumekero nka pneumonia cyangwa bronchitis
• Guhumeka nabi, aho ibihaha byawe bitashobora gutanga oxygène ihagije
• Giant bullae, ibyo ni ibice binini byangiritse by’umwuka bishobora gukanda imyanya y’ibihaha izima

Emphysema ishobora kandi gukaza umutima wawe n’imikorere y’amaraso yawe uko iminsi igenda:

• Pulmonary hypertension, cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso mu mitsi y’ibihaha
• Cor pulmonale, ubwoko bw’ikibazo cy’umutima giterwa n’indwara y’ibihaha
• Ibibazo by’umuvuduko w’umutima bitewe n’urwego rwo hasi rwa oxygène

Ingaruka zidashiraho ariko zikomeye zishobora kuba harimo gutakaza ibiro cyane no kunanuka kw’imitsi kuko umubiri wawe ukora cyane kugira ngo uhumeke. Bamwe mu bantu bagira kandi agahinda cyangwa guhangayika bijyanye n’ibibazo byo guhumeka n’ibintu bigabanya ubuzima.

Nubwo izo ngaruka zisa n’iziteye ubwoba, ubuvuzi bukwiye n’impinduka mu mibereho bishobora gufasha gukumira byinshi muri zo cyangwa kugabanya uburemere bwazo. Itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi rizakukurikirana hafi kandi rigahindura gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi uko bikenewe.

Emphysema ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Intambwe ikomeye ushobora gufata kugira ngo ukumire emphysema ni ukutatangira kunywa itabi, cyangwa niba ubu unywa itabi, guhagarika vuba bishoboka. Ndetse n’abantu bamaze imyaka myinshi banywa itabi bashobora kungukira mu guhagarika, kuko bigabanya kwangirika kw’ibihaha byihuse.

Uretse guhagarika kunywa itabi, hari izindi ngamba zishobora gufasha kurinda ibihaha byawe:

• Kwirinda umwuka w’itabi uba kure y’ahantu hafunze
• Koresha ibikoresho byo kwirinda neza niba ukora hafi y’umukungugu, ibinyabutabire, cyangwa imyanda
• Kwikingiza indwara ya kanseri n’indwara ya pneumonia kugira ngo wirinde indwara z’ubuhumekero
• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe kugira ngo ubungabunge ibihaha byawe n’umutima wawe
• Kubungabunga umwuka mwiza wo mu nzu ufite umwuka mwiza n’ibikoresho byo gukuraho umukungugu
• Kugabanya ibikorwa byo hanze igihe urwego rw’umwuka wanduye ari hejuru

Niba ufite alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, inama y’abavuga ku muryango ishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe no gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye no kurinda ibihaha. Gukurikiranwa buri gihe na muganga wawe bihinduka ikintu gikomeye.

Guhitamo izo ngamba zo kwirinda ni ingenzi cyane niba ufite abagize umuryango bafite emphysema cyangwa ibindi byago udashobora kugenzura. Guhitamo duto bya buri munsi bishobora kugira akamaro mu buzima bw’ibihaha byawe mu gihe kirekire.

Emphysema imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya emphysema bisanzwe bitangira muganga wawe akubajije ibibazo birambuye ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka yo kunywa itabi, n’ibintu byose byo mu kazi cyangwa ibidukikije. Azakwumva kandi ibihaha byawe akoresheje stethoscope kandi ashobora kubona ko guhumeka bigabanutse cyangwa guhumeka kw’umwuka.

Isuzuma ry’ingenzi ryo kwemeza emphysema ni spirometry, ipima umwuka mwinshi ushobora guhumeka no kuwusohoka n’umuvuduko ushobora gusohoka mu bihaha byawe. Iryo suzuma ridasaba kubabara ririmo guhumeka mu muyoboro uhujwe n’imashini iyandika imikorere y’ibihaha byawe.

Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba ibindi bizamini kugira ngo abone ishusho yuzuye:

• Amashusho y’ibihaha kugira ngo arebe kwangirika kw’ibihaha, nubwo emphysema ya mbere ishobora kugaragara
• Amashusho ya CT atanga amashusho arambuye y’imiterere y’ibihaha byawe
• Ibizamini by’amaraso ya arterial kugira ngo apime urwego rw’oxygène na carbon dioxide
• Isuzuma ry’amaraso rya Alpha-1 antitrypsin niba bakeka emphysema y’umuzuko
• Electrocardiogram kugira ngo arebe ibibazo by’umutima bijyanye n’indwara y’ibihaha

Rimwe na rimwe abaganga bakora ikizamini cyo kugenda iminota itandatu, aho bapima umunzani ushobora kugenda mu minota itandatu kandi bakagenzura urwego rw’oxygène yawe. Ibyo bifasha gusuzuma uko emphysema igira ingaruka ku mikorere yawe ya buri munsi.

Kubona ubuvuzi nyakuri ni ingenzi kuko ubuvuzi bwa emphysema butandukanye n’izindi ndwara z’ibihaha. Igikorwa cyo gusuzuma gishobora kugaragara nk’ikirekire, ariko gifasha itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi gukora gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikwiye cyane ku mimerere yawe.

Ubuvuzi bwa Emphysema ni buhe?

Nubwo emphysema idakira, ubuvuzi bukoreshwa neza bushobora kugufasha guhumeka neza, gukomeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kugabanya ukwangirika kw’ibihaha. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ugukorana n’itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi kugira ngo ukore gahunda y’ubuvuzi yuzuye ihuye n’ibyo ukeneye.

Imiti igira uruhare rukomeye mu gahunda nyinshi z’ubuvuzi bwa emphysema:

• Bronchodilators zituma imitsi yo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero yiyongera kandi zigatuma guhumeka byoroshye
• Inhaled corticosteroids kugira ngo zigabanye kubyimbagira mu bihaha
• Inhalers zifatanye zirimo bronchodilators na steroids
• Imiti yo kunywa kubimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa indwara zikomeye
• Antibiotics igihe habayeho kwandura kwa bagiteri

Ubuvuzi bwa oxygène buhinduka ingenzi igihe urwego rw’oxygène mu maraso rugabanuka cyane. Abantu benshi bakoresha ibikoresho byo gutanga oxygène biborohereza gukomeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mu gihe bakira oxygène yongeweho.

Gahunda zo kuvugurura ubuhumure bw’ibihaha zifatanya imyitozo ngororamubiri, inyigisho, n’ubuhanga bwo guhumeka kugira ngo ziguhe ubushobozi bwo gucunga ibimenyetso neza. Izo gahunda akenshi zishyurwa n’ubwisungane kandi zishobora kunoza cyane ubuzima bwawe.

Kubera emphysema ikomeye, uburyo bwo kubaga bushobora kugenzurwa:

• Kubaga kugira ngo bagabanye umubare w’ibihaha byangiritse
• Gusimbuza ibihaha mu bihe bimwe na bimwe
• Ibikorwa bya bronchoscopic bikoresha ibikoresho bito kugira ngo byoroshye guhumeka

Ariko kandi, ubuvuzi bw’ingenzi ni uguhagarika kunywa itabi niba ubu unywa itabi. Icyo gikorwa kimwe gishobora kugabanya iterambere ry’indwara kurusha imiti cyangwa uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe ufite Emphysema

Kwita kuri emphysema iwawe birimo gukora imyifatire ya buri munsi ishyigikira ubuzima bw’ibihaha byawe kandi ikagufasha guhumeka neza. Impinduka nto mu mibereho yawe zishobora kugira akamaro mu buryo wumva.

Ubuhanga bwo guhumeka bushobora kugufasha gukoresha ibihaha byawe neza:

• Kora imyitozo yo guhumeka ukoresheje iminwa yawe uhuhura mu mazuru hanyuma ugahumeka gahoro gahoro ukoresheje iminwa yawe
• Gerageza guhumeka ukoresheje umunwa kugira ngo ukomeze umunsi wawe w’ubuhumekero
• Koresha ubuhanga bwo gukorora “huff” kugira ngo ukureho umusemburo utabangamiye
• Teganya ibikorwa byawe kandi ufate akaruhuko igihe wumva uhumeka nabi

Kurema ahantu ho mu rugo heza kubuhumekero ni ingenzi kimwe:

• Komeza inzu yawe isukuye kandi idafite umukungugu
• Koresha ibikoresho byo gukuraho umukungugu kugira ngo ukureho ibice n’ibintu bitera allergie
• Kwirinda impumuro zikomeye, ibintu byo gusukura, n’ibintu byo mu kirere
• Komeza urwego rwiza rw’ubushuhe hagati ya 30 na 50%
• Teganya ibikorwa byo mu nzu ku minsi umwuka wanduye ari mwinshi

Komeza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ukurikije ubushobozi bwawe uhitamo imyitozo yoroheje nko kugenda, koga, cyangwa gukora imyitozo yo kwambara. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe bigufasha kubungabunga imbaraga zawe no kubungabunga imitsi yawe yo guhumeka.

Funga indyo yuzuye ifite imbuto n’imboga nyinshi kugira ngo ushyigikire ubudahangarwa bwawe. Niba utakaza ibiro bitewe n’ibibazo byo guhumeka, korana n’umuhanga mu by’imirire kugira ngo ubungabunge imirire ihagije.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe

Kwitoza gusura muganga wawe bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyanyu hamwe kandi bikaguha amakuru n’ubuvuzi ukeneye. Gutegura gato bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kuganira neza.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, kora amakuru akomeye yerekeye ubuzima bwawe:

• Andika ibimenyetso byawe byose n’igihe bibaho
• Andika imiti yose, vitamine, n’ibindi bikoresho ukoresha
• Andika amateka yawe yo kunywa itabi, harimo n’igihe wahagaritse niba bishoboka
• Andika ibintu byose byo mu kazi cyangwa ibidukikije
• Zana ibisubizo by’ibizamini byabanje cyangwa imyirondoro y’ubuvuzi

Tegura ibibazo uzabaza muganga wawe:

• Ndiri ku rwego ruhe rwa emphysema?
• Ubu buri bugende bute?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura buhari kuri njye?
• Nshobora gukumira gute ibimenyetso byanjye kudakomeza kuba bibi?
• Ni ryari nkwiye guhamagara muganga igihe ibimenyetso byanjye bigenda biba bibi?
• Hari ibikorwa nkwiye kwirinda?

Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti ishobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye no kugufasha mu byiyumvo. Bashobora kandi gutekereza ku bibazo utatekerejeho.

Ntukabe ikibazo cyo gusaba ibisobanuro niba utumva ikintu. Itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi rishaka kugufasha gucunga ubuzima bwawe neza, kandi ibyo bitangira mu kuganira neza.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Emphysema

Emphysema ni indwara ikomeye y’ibihaha, ariko hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye n’impinduka mu mibereho, abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho mu buzima buhimbaye, bukorwa mu myaka myinshi nyuma yo kuvurwa. Ikintu nyamukuru ni kuvumbura hakiri kare, ubuvuzi bukwiye, no kugira uruhare mu gucunga ubuzima bwawe.

Kumbuka ko emphysema itera gahoro gahoro, bivuze ko intambwe ufatanya uyu munsi zishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo wumva mu gihe kizaza. Guhagarika kunywa itabi, gukurikiza gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ukurikije ubushobozi bwawe ni ibikoresho bikomeye ufite.

Funga ku byo ushobora kugenzura aho guhangayika kubyo udashobora guhindura. Hamwe n’uburyo bukwiye, emphysema ntigomba kumenya ubuzima bwawe cyangwa kukubuza kwishimira ibikorwa n’imibanire ikujyanye.

Ibibazo byakenshi bibazwa kuri Emphysema

Emphysema ishobora gukira cyangwa gukira?

Emphysema ntishobora gukira cyangwa gukira kuko kwangirika kw’ibihaha biramba. Ariko rero, ubuvuzi bushobora kugabanya iterambere ry’indwara, kugabanya ibimenyetso, no kugufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza. Ubuvuzi bwa hakiri kare ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubone umusaruro mwiza.

Urashobora kubaho igihe kingana iki ufite Emphysema?

Igihe cyo kubaho ufite emphysema gitandukanye cyane bitewe n’icyiciro cyo kuvurwa, uko ugaragara neza mu buvuzi, n’ibintu by’ubuzima nko guhagarika kunywa itabi. Abantu benshi babaho mu myaka myinshi nyuma yo kuvurwa, cyane cyane abareka kunywa itabi kandi bakurikiza gahunda yabo y’ubuvuzi buri gihe.

Emphysema itewe na tabiri gusa?

Nubwo itabi ari ryo riba intandaro y’ibibazo byinshi bya emphysema, hafi 10 kugeza kuri 15% by’ibibazo biterwa n’ibindi bintu. Ibyo birimo alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, kumanuka igihe kirekire mu kirere cyanduye, ibinyabutabire byo mu kazi, cyangwa indwara z’ubuhumekero zikomeye. Bamwe mu bantu bagira emphysema bitewe n’umuzuko n’ibidukikije.

Ni uwuhe ubutandukanyi hagati ya emphysema na chronic bronchitis?

Izo ndwara zombi ni ubwoko bwa COPD, ariko zigira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by’ibihaha byawe. Emphysema yangiza utubuto duto two mu bihaha aho oxygène ihinduka, mu gihe chronic bronchitis yibasira kandi igabanya umwanya wo guhumeka ujyana umwuka mu bihaha byawe no kuwusohokamo. Abantu benshi bafite izo ndwara zombi icyarimwe.

Immyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora gufasha ibimenyetso bya emphysema?

Yego, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe ni kimwe mu buvuzi buri ingenzi kuri emphysema. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri bikomeza imitsi yawe yo guhumeka, binonosora imbaraga zawe, kandi bikagufasha gukoresha oxygène neza. Tangira gahoro gahoro kandi korana n’itsinda ryawe ry’ubuvuzi kugira ngo ukore gahunda y’imyitozo ngororamubiri ikwiye ubushobozi bwawe.