Endocarditis ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Uburyo bwo kuyivura

Endocarditis ni ubwandu bw’igice cy’imbere cy’ibyumba by’umutima wawe n’amavavu, bita endocardium. Tekereza ko ari nk’agakoko kaje gutura mu mubiri wawe, mu gice gikomeye cyane.

Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo mikrobbi, akenshi ni bagiteri, yinjiye mu maraso yawe ikajya ku mutima wawe. Nubwo byumvikana biteye ubwoba, endocarditis iravurwa iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare, kandi gusobanukirwa ibimenyetso bishobora kugufasha kubona ubuvuzi ukeneye vuba.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya endocarditis?

Ibimenyetso bya endocarditis bishobora kugaragara buhoro buhoro mu byumweru cyangwa bigakurura mu minsi mike. Ikibazo ni uko ibimenyetso bya mbere bikunda kumera nk’igipfapfa kidashira.

Dore ibimenyetso ushobora kubona, kuva ku bimenyetso bisanzwe kugeza ku bimenyetso bidafite akamaro:

• Uruhinja n’ubushyuhe bikomeza iminsi
• Uruguruka rukabije kurusha ubusanzwe
• Kubabara kw’imikaya n’amagufa mu mubiri wawe wose
• Imyenda cyangwa uburiri bukonywa n’umusemburo w’ijoro
• Guhumeka nabi, cyane cyane mu gihe ukora ibikorwa bisanzwe
• Kubabara mu kifuba bishobora kuba bibi iyo uhumeka cyane
• Guhindagurika kw’ijwi ry’umutima cyangwa impinduka mu ijwi ry’umutima usanzwe
• Kubyimbagira mu birenge, mu maguru, cyangwa mu nda
• Ibinini bito, by’umutuku kandi byoroheje ku kuboko cyangwa ku birenge
• Ibinini bito by’umutuku cyangwa by’umuhondo munsi y’imisumari cyangwa ku ruhu rwawe

Bamwe mu bantu bagira n’ibimenyetso bidafite akamaro nko kugabanuka k’uburemere, amaraso mu mpisi, cyangwa ibinini bito, bitera uburibwe, by’umutuku mu maso. Ibi bimenyetso bikwiye kuvurirwa vuba kuko bishobora kugaragaza ko ubwandu bugera no ku zindi nzego z’umubiri.

Ni iki gitera endocarditis?

Endocarditis iterwa na bagiteri, fungi, cyangwa izindi mikrobbi zinjiye mu maraso yawe zikajya ku mubiri w’umutima wangiritse cyangwa utari muzima. Umutima wawe ubusanzwe ufite uburyo bwo kwirinda ubwandu, ariko zimwe mu ndwara zishobora kuwugira intege.

Ibitera endocarditis bikunze kuba:

• Bagiteri za Staphylococcus, zishobora kwinjira mu mubiri binyuze mu maraso cyangwa mu bikorwa by’ubuvuzi
• Bagiteri za Streptococcus, akenshi zituruka ku ndwara z’amenyo cyangwa ku isuku mbi y’amenyo
• Bagiteri za Enterococcus, zimwe mu mpamvu ziterwa n’ubwandu bw’inzira y’umusemburo cyangwa ubwandu bw’amara
• Bagiteri zo mu itsinda rya HACEK, zidafite akamaro ariko zishobora gutera ubwandu buzamuka buhoro buhoro

Izi mikrobbi zishobora kwinjira mu maraso yawe binyuze mu bikorwa bya buri munsi nko gukura amenyo, cyane cyane niba ufite indwara y’umunwa. Ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi, harimo kuvura amenyo, kubagwa, cyangwa no gukora tatouage, bishobora kandi kuba inzira yo kwinjira.

Mu bihe bidafite akamaro, fungi nka Candida cyangwa Aspergillus zishobora gutera endocarditis, cyane cyane mu bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke cyangwa abakoresha imiti inyinjira mu mitsi.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya endocarditis?

Zimwe mu ndwara z’umutima n’imibereho ishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara endocarditis. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu byongera ibyago bigufasha wowe na muganga wawe gufata ingamba zikwiye.

Ibyago bifitanye isano n’umutima birimo:

• Ubwandu bwa endocarditis bwakubayeho mbere
• Amavavu y’umutima yashyizweho cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byashyizwe mu mutima
• Ibibazo by’umutima byavutse
• Amavavu y’umutima yangiritse bitewe n’indwara nka rhumatisme articulaire aigu
• Cardiomyopathie hypertrophique, indwara aho imikaya y’umutima iba ikomeye

Imibereho n’ibintu by’ubuvuzi byongera ibyago birimo:

• Koresha imiti inyinjira mu mitsi, ituma mikrobbi zinjirira mu maraso yawe
• Isuku mbi y’amenyo cyangwa ibibazo by’amenyo bitavuwe
• Ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi bikunze gukorwa binyuze mu mitsi
• Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke buterwa n’indwara nka VIH cyangwa kuvurwa kanseri
• Gucukura impyiko igihe kirekire

Imyaka nayo igira uruhare, abantu barengeje imyaka 60 bafite ibyago byinshi bitewe n’impinduka z’amavavu ziterwa n’imyaka n’ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi bikunze gukorwa.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera endocarditis?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe ako kanya niba ufite umuriro ukomeza hamwe n’ibindi bimenyetso biteye impungenge. Kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora gukumira ingaruka zikomeye kandi bikongera amahirwe yawe yo gukira.

Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba ufite:

• Umuriro mwinshi hamwe n’ubushyuhe bukabije budakira n’ubwo waba uri kuruhuka
• Guhumeka nabi cyangwa kugorana guhumeka
• Kubabara mu kifuba bikomeye
• Ibimenyetso by’indwara yo mu bwonko, nko kugira intege nke, gucika intege, cyangwa kugorana kuvuga
• Uruguruka rukabije rufatanije n’ibindi bimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru

Ntugatege amatwi ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizakira ubwabyo. Endocarditis ishobora gutera imbere vuba, kandi kuvurwa vuba ni ingenzi kugira ngo ugire amahirwe meza yo gukira.

Ni izihe ngaruka zishoboka za endocarditis?

Utabonye ubuvuzi bukwiye, endocarditis ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye zigera ku mutima wawe n’izindi nzego z’umubiri. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu ntibigamije kukutera ubwoba, ahubwo ni ukugaragaza impamvu kuvurwa hakiri kare ari ingenzi cyane.

Ingaruka zifitanye isano n’umutima zishobora kuba:

• Kwangirika kw’amavavu y’umutima bigira ingaruka ku nzira amaraso anyuramo mu mutima wawe
• Gucika intege kw’umutima iyo umutima wawe udashobora gutera amaraso neza
• Umutima uhindagurika ushobora gusaba kuvurwa igihe kirekire
• Ibibyimba cyangwa ibibyimba by’ubwandu mu mubiri w’umutima

Ubwandu bushobora kandi gukwirakwira uvuye ku mutima, bikaba byatera:

• Indwara yo mu bwonko niba ibintu byanduye byagiye mu bwonko
• Kwangirika kw’impimbazi cyangwa gucika intege kw’impimbazi
• Ibibazo by’ibihaha, harimo pneumonia cyangwa ibibyimba by’ibihaha
• Ubwandu bw’amagufa butera ububabare bukomeye no kubyimbagira
• Uruhago rukomeye rushobora gutera ububabare mu nda

Izi ngaruka zikunze kubaho mu gihe ubuvuzi budahawe cyangwa iyo ubuvuzi butinze. Hamwe n’imiti ikwiye ya antibiyotike itangiye hakiri kare, abantu benshi barakira neza batagize ibibazo bikomeye.

Endocarditis ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora gukumira buri gihe cya endocarditis, hari uburyo bwinshi bushobora kugabanya ibyago byayo. Isuku nziza y’amenyo ni ishingiro ryo kwirinda kuko umunwa wawe ni inzira isanzwe yinjiramo bagiteri.

Intambwe zo kwirinda buri munsi zirimo:

• Gukura amenyo kabiri ku munsi ukoresheje ibinini byo gukura amenyo bifite fluoride
• Gukoresha umugozi wo gukura amenyo buri munsi kugira ngo ukureho bagiteri ziri hagati y’amenyo
• Koresha amazi yo gukura amenyo afite antibiyotike nk’uko umunyamamenyo wawe abikubwiye
• Gupima amenyo yawe buri gihe
• Kuvura ibibazo by’amenyo hakiri kare mbere y’uko bikomeza

Niba ufite ibibazo by’umutima byongera ibyago, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba antibiyotike mbere y’ibikorwa bimwe byo kuvura amenyo cyangwa ibindi bikorwa by’ubuvuzi. Ibi bisobanura gufata antibiyotike mbere y’icyo gikorwa kugira ngo wirinde bagiteri gutera ubwandu mu mutima wawe.

Ubundi buryo bwo kwirinda burimo kwirinda gukoresha imiti inyinjira mu mitsi, kugumisha ibikomere cyangwa ibikomere byanduye bisukuye kandi bifunze, no gushaka ubuvuzi hakiri kare kubera ubwandu ubwo aribwo bwose mu mubiri wawe.

Endocarditis imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya endocarditis bisaba gusuzuma umubiri, ibizamini by’amaraso, n’ibizamini byo kureba imbere y’umubiri. Muganga wawe azatangira akumva umutima wawe akakubaza ibibazo ku bimenyetso byawe n’amateka yawe y’ubuzima.

Ibizamini by’amaraso bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kumenya indwara:

• Ubuvuzi bw’amaraso kugira ngo hamenyekane bagiteri ziterwa n’ubwandu
• Igipimo cy’amaraso kugira ngo harebwe ibimenyetso by’ubwandu
• Ibimenyetso by’ubwandu nka C-reactive protein na erythrocyte sedimentation rate
• Ibindi bizamini byo kureba uko impyiko n’umwijima bikora

Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukora echocardiogram, ikoresha amajwi yo gufata amashusho y’umutima wawe. Iki kizamini gishobora kwerekana amavavu y’umutima yanduye, ibibyimba, cyangwa izindi ngaruka. Rimwe na rimwe, transesophageal echocardiogram irambuye irakenewe, aho igikoresho gishyirwa mu kanwa kawe kugira ngo gifate amashusho meza.

Ibindi bizamini byo kureba imbere y’umubiri bishobora kuba CT scan cyangwa MRI kugira ngo harebwe ingaruka mu zindi nzego z’umubiri. Igikorwa cyo kumenya indwara gishobora gutwara igihe, ariko ni ingenzi mu guhitamo ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni ubuhe buvuzi bwa endocarditis?

Ubuvuzi bwa endocarditis bukunze kuba antibiyotike zinyinjira mu mitsi zitangwa mu bitaro ibyumweru byinshi. Antibiyotike zikwiye ziterwa na bagiteri ziterwa n’ubwandu n’uburyo zihanganira imiti itandukanye.

Ubuvuzi bwawe bwa antibiyotike bukunze kuba:

• Antibiyotike zifite akamaro ku bwandu bwinshi kugeza igihe ibizamini by’ubwandu byavuye
• Antibiyotike ziboneye igihe bagiteri zibonekeye
• Ibyumweru bine kugeza kuri bitandatu byo kuvurwa mu mitsi mu gihe cyinshi
• Ibizamini by’amaraso buri gihe kugira ngo harebwe uko ubuvuzi bugenda
• Guhindura antibiyotike niba ari ngombwa hashingiwe ku iterambere ryawe

Bamwe mu barwayi bashobora kuvurwa hanze y’ibitaro nyuma yo kuvurwa mu bitaro, bakoresheje PICC line cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha imiti inyinjira mu mitsi igihe kirekire. Ibi bikwemerera kuvurwa iwawe mu gihe ukomeza ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi.

Kubagwa bishobora kuba ngombwa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, nko iyo amavavu y’umutima yangiritse cyane, iyo ubwandu budakira antibiyotike gusa, cyangwa iyo ingaruka nka ibibyimba bigaragara. Uburyo bwo kubaga bushobora kuba kuvura cyangwa gusimbuza amavavu, bitewe n’uburyo ubwandu bwawe bumeze.

Uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibimenyetso mu gihe cyo kuvurwa kwa endocarditis

Nubwo antibiyotike ari zo zikora akazi gakomeye mu kuvura endocarditis, ushobora gufata ingamba zo gushyigikira gukira kwawe no guhangana n’ibimenyetso. Kuruhuka ni ingenzi mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, kuko umubiri wawe ukeneye imbaraga zo kurwanya ubwandu.

Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo:

• Kuryama bihagije no kwirinda ibikorwa bikomeye
• Kunywa amazi ahagije n’ibindi binyobwa byiza
• Kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri kugira ngo ushyigikire ubudahangarwa bwawe
• Guta imiti yo kugabanya ububabare kubabara kw’imikaya n’ububabare
• Kureba ubushyuhe bwawe no kubwira muganga wawe niba ufite umuriro ukomeza

Witondere ibimenyetso byawe kandi ubwira itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga niba hari ikintu cyiyongereye. Ibi birimo guhumeka nabi, kubabara mu kifuba, kugira intege nke cyane, cyangwa ibimenyetso bishya bigaragara mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Kora ibisabwa byose by’imiti, nubwo waba utangiye kumva umeze neza mbere yo kurangiza imiti yose. Guhagarika antibiyotike hakiri kare bishobora gutuma ubuvuzi budakora neza kandi bagiteri zigahangana n’imiti.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe

Kwitegura gusura muganga wawe bigufasha kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uko byahindutse uko iminsi igenda.

Amakuru yo gukusanya mbere yo gusura:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti ukoresha, harimo imiti yo kuvura indwara n’ibindi
• Amakuru yerekeye kuvura amenyo vuba aha, ibikorwa by’ubuvuzi, cyangwa kuba mu bitaro
• Amateka y’ibibazo by’umutima, harimo n’ubuganga bw’umutima bwakozwe mbere
• Amateka y’umuryango w’ibibazo by’umutima cyangwa endocarditis
• Amateka ya vuba aha yo gukora ingendo cyangwa kwandura indwara

Andika ibibazo ushaka kubaza muganga wawe, nko kumenya ibizamini ushobora gukora, uburyo bwo kuvura buhari, n’icyo witeze mu gihe cyo gukira. Kugira inshuti cyangwa umuryango w’umuntu ukwizera ukuri kumwe nawe bishobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye yavuzwe mu gihe cyo gusura.

Zana ibyangombwa byose by’ubuvuzi bifitanye isano n’ibibazo by’umutima, ibizamini byakozwe vuba aha, cyangwa inyandiko zo kuva mu bitaro. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa neza uko ubuzima bwawe bumeze no gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura bikwiye.

Icyingenzi cyo kuzirikana kuri endocarditis

Endocarditis ni indwara ikomeye ariko ivurwa y’ubwandu bw’umutima isaba ubuvuzi bwihuse. Icyingenzi mu kuvurwa neza ni ukumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse, cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago nko kugira ibibazo by’amavavu y’umutima cyangwa endocarditis yabayeho mbere.

Abantu benshi barwara endocarditis barakira neza iyo bavuwe neza. Ubwandu busanzwe bukira neza, kandi ingaruka zishobora gukumirwa hakiri kare. Itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga rizakorana nawe mu gihe cyo kuvurwa kugira ngo ugire amahirwe meza yo gukira.

Kwiringira isuku nziza y’amenyo no kwirinda antibiyotike ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi ni yo ngamba nziza. Niba ufite impungenge ku byago bya endocarditis, uganire n’umuganga wawe ku buryo bwo kwirinda mu gihe cyo gusuzuma buri gihe.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho kuri endocarditis

Endocarditis irashobora gukira burundu?

Yego, endocarditis irashobora gukira burundu hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye bwa antibiyotike. Abantu benshi barakira neza batagize ibibazo by’igihe kirekire iyo ubwandu bumenyekanye hakiri kare kandi bukavurwa neza. Ariko kandi, bamwe mu bantu bashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa cyangwa kuvurwa byongeye niba amavavu y’umutima yangiritse mu gihe cy’ubwandu.

Bitwara igihe kingana iki gukira endocarditis?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye bitewe n’uburemere bw’ubwandu n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Ubuvuzi bwa antibiyotike busanzwe bumara ibyumweru bine kugeza kuri bitandatu, kandi abantu benshi batangira kumva bameze neza mu cyumweru cya mbere cyo kuvurwa. Gukira burundu, harimo gusubira mu bikorwa bisanzwe, bisanzwe bitwara amezi abiri kugeza kuri atatu nyuma yo kurangiza antibiyotike.

Wabona endocarditis incuro nyinshi?

Ikibabaje ni uko ari byo. Kugira endocarditis rimwe byongera ibyago byo kuyibona ukundi, cyane cyane niba ufite ibibazo by’umutima cyangwa amavavu y’umutima yashyizweho. Niyo mpamvu abantu barwaye endocarditis mbere bagomba kwitondera cyane kwirinda kandi bashobora gukenera antibiyotike mbere y’ibikorwa bimwe by’ubuvuzi.

Endocarditis yandura?

Endocarditis ubwayo ntiyandura kandi ntishobora kwandura mu bantu binyuze mu mibanire isanzwe. Ariko kandi, bagiteri ziterwa na endocarditis zimwe na zimwe zishobora kwandura binyuze mu bikorwa nko gusangira ibyuma cyangwa ubwoko bumwe bw’imibanire ya hafi. Ubwandu busanzwe buva iyo izi bagiteri zinjiye mu maraso yawe zikagera ku mutima.

Ni iki kibaho niba endocarditis idavuwe?

Endocarditis idavuwe ishobora kuba ikintu cyica kandi ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye harimo gucika intege kw’umutima, indwara yo mu bwonko, kwangirika kw’impimbazi, cyangwa ibibyimba mu ngingo zitandukanye. Ubwandu bushobora kandi gukwirakwira mu mubiri wawe wose, bikaba byatera sepsis. Niyo mpamvu ubuvuzi bwihuse ari ingenzi cyane niba endocarditis ikekwako.