Ese imwe nini? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Ese imwe nini, mu mvugo y'abaganga bise splenomegaly, bibaho iyo imwe yawe ikura ikarenga ubunini bwayo busanzwe. Imwe yawe ni umubiri ufite ubunini nk'ubw'igipfunsi, uherereye munsi y'uruhande rw'iburyo rw'amaguru yawe, ufasha gukuraho ibintu bibi mu maraso yawe no kurwanya indwara. Iyo ikura, akenshi aba ari uburyo umubiri wawe ugutera ubutumwa ko hari ikindi kintu gikenewe kuvurwa.

Abantu benshi ntibabizi ko bafite imwe nini mu ntangiriro kuko akenshi itera gahoro gahoro. Inkuru nziza ni uko splenomegaly ubwayo atari indwara ahubwo ari ikimenyetso cy'uko umubiri wawe uri gusubiza ikibazo kiri inyuma, gishobora kuvurwa neza.

Ese imwe nini ni iki?

Imwe nini ibaho iyo uyu mubiri ukomeye ukura ukarenga ubunini bwawo busanzwe bwa santimetero 10 z'uburebure. Tekereza kuri imwe yawe nk'ikigo cy'ubuziranenge bw'umubiri wawe ku binyabuzima by'amaraso n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera turwanya indwara.

Iyo imwe yawe ikura, iba ikora cyane kugira ngo ikemure ikibazo umubiri wawe uhura na cyo. Ibi bishobora kuba ikintu cyoroshye nka virusi kugeza ku ndwara ikomeye y'amaraso. Kugura kwayo bibaho kuko imwe yawe iba iri gukuraho utunyabuzima twangiritse mu maraso kurusha ubusanzwe, ikora utunyabuzima twinshi turwanya indwara, cyangwa ikemura ikibazo cy'amaraso menshi.

Imwe yawe ishobora kugura mu buryo butandukanye. Rimwe na rimwe iba ari nini gato kurusha ubusanzwe, ntushobora kubimenya. Mu bindi bihe, ishobora kuba nini cyane ikagira ibimenyetso byumvikana bigira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe ya buri munsi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'imwe nini?

Abantu benshi bafite imwe nini gato nta bimenyetso bagira. Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, akenshi biba bifitanye isano n'imwe ikaza ku zindi ngingo cyangwa ikora cyane kugira ngo ikureho ibintu bibi mu maraso yawe.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona:

• Kubabara cyangwa kuziba mu nda yawe y'ibumoso hejuru bishobora kugera ku rutugu rw'ibumoso
• Kumva wuzuye vuba mugihe urya, na nyuma yo kurya bike
• Uburwayi cyangwa intege nke bitamenyerewe kuri wowe
• Kugira inkovu cyangwa kuva amaraso kurusha ubusanzwe
• Indwara nyinshi cyangwa gukira gahoro gahoro
• Igituntu ushobora kumva munsi y'uruhande rw'ibumoso rw'amaguru yawe

Ububabare bw'inda akenshi bumva nk'ububabare buke kurusha uburibwe bukomeye. Ushobora kububona cyane iyo ufite umwuka mwinshi cyangwa ugiye kuryama ku ruhande rw'ibumoso. Bamwe bavuga ko bumva hari ikintu kibakanda mu nda.

Ibi bimenyetso bibaho kuko imwe nini ishobora gukaza umura, ikagutera kumva wuzuye vuba. Ishobora kandi gukuraho utunyabuzima twinshi mu maraso, bigatuma uburwayi, inkovu, cyangwa kwandura indwara.

Ese ni iki gatera imwe nini?

Imwe yawe ishobora kugura kubera impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye, kuva ku ndwara z'igihe gito kugeza ku ndwara z'igihe kirekire. Gusobanukirwa impamvu bifasha kuyobora uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ukurikije uko uhagaze.

Impamvu zisanzwe harimo:

• Indwara: Virusi nka mononucleosis, bacteria, cyangwa indwara ziterwa n'udukoko
• Cancer y'amaraso: Leukemia, lymphoma, cyangwa multiple myeloma
• Indwara z'umwijima: Cirrhosis cyangwa izindi ndwara zigira ingaruka ku maraso anyura mu mwijima
• Indwara z'amaraso: Sickle cell disease, thalassemia, cyangwa spherocytosis
• Indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Rheumatoid arthritis cyangwa lupus
• Gucika intege kw'umutima: Iyo umutima udashobora gutuma amaraso agenda neza

Impamvu zidakunze kugaragara ariko zikomeye harimo izindi ndwara z'imirire nka Gaucher disease, amaraso ahambiriye mu mitsi y'amaraso y'imwe, cyangwa imikaya n'ibituburuka. Rimwe na rimwe, imwe ikura kubera portal hypertension, ibaho iyo igitutu cy'amaraso cyiyongereye mu mitsi ijya mu mwijima.

Mu bihe byinshi, kuvura indwara iri inyuma bituma imwe isubira ubunini bwayo busanzwe. Muganga wawe azashaka kumenya icyateye imwe yawe kugura kugira ngo abashe gukemura ikibazo.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga ufite imwe nini?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ububabare buhoraho mu nda yawe y'ibumoso hejuru, cyane cyane niba bifitanye isano n'ibindi bimenyetso bishishikaje. Ntugatege amatwi niba unaniwe cyane cyangwa urwara kenshi kurusha ubusanzwe.

Shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga ako kanya niba ufite ububabare bukomeye mu nda, cyane cyane niba butunguranye. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza imwe yavunitse, ikaba ari ubutabazi bw'ubuzima. Hamagara kandi ukeneye ubufasha bw'ubuzima vuba niba ubona ibimenyetso by'anemia ikomeye nko kunanirwa cyane, guhindagurika, cyangwa gutera kw'umutima.

Tegura gahunda yo kujya kwa muganga niba ufite ibimenyetso byatangira gahoro gahoro nko kumva wuzuye vuba mugihe urya, ububabare buke mu nda, cyangwa inkovu.

Niba ushobora kumva igituntu munsi y'uruhande rw'ibumoso rw'amaguru yawe, birakwiye ko ubisuzumisha vuba. Nubwo imwe nini atari ikintu gikomeye, kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvura impamvu ziri inyuma bigatanga umusaruro mwiza.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kugira imwe nini?

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira imwe nini. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha wowe na muganga wawe kuba maso ku bibazo bishoboka.

Ushobora kugira ibyago byinshi niba ufite imwe muri iyi mibare:

• Indwara z'amaraso: Indwara zikomoka ku miryango zifata utunyabuzima tw'amaraso itukura cyangwa hemoglobin
• Indwara z'umwijima: Indwara z'igihe kirekire zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umwijima
• Indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugaba ku mitsi y'umubiri
• Amateka y'ibituburuka bimwe na bimwe: Cyane cyane cancer y'amaraso cyangwa cancer imaze gukwirakwira
• Indwara nyinshi: Indwara zisubiramo za bacteria, virusi, cyangwa iziterwa n'udukoko
• Kujya mu duce tumwe na tumwe: Uduce malaria cyangwa izindi ndwara ziterwa n'udukoko zikunze kuboneka

Imyaka ishobora kugira uruhare, kuko zimwe mu ndwara ziterwa no kugura kw'imwe zikunze kugaragara uko dukera. Byongeye kandi, niba ufite abagize umuryango bafite indwara z'amaraso cyangwa indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, ushobora kugira ibyago byinshi by'imirire.

Kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira imwe nini. Abantu benshi bafite izi ndwara nta kibazo cy'imwe bagira. Ariko, kumenya ibyago byawe bigufasha kumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no gushaka ubufasha bw'abaganga igihe bikenewe.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka by'imwe nini?

Nubwo imwe nini akenshi ivurwa neza, kuyireka idavuwe rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye. Ikintu gikomeye cyane ni uko imwe nini iba yoroheje kandi ishobora kuvunika kubera imvune.

Dore ibibazo by'ingenzi ukwiye kumenya:

• Imwe ivunitse: Imwe ivunitse ishobora gutera kuva amaraso mu mubiri bishobora gutera urupfu
• Hypersplenism: Iyo imwe ikuraho utunyabuzima twinshi tw'amaraso
• Ibyago byo kwandura indwara: Kubera utunyabuzima tw'amaraso yera duke
• Anemia ikomeye: Kubera gukuraho utunyabuzima twinshi tw'amaraso itukura
• Ibibazo byo kuva amaraso: Iyo umubare w'ibinyabuzima by'amaraso byitwa platelets ugabanuka cyane

Imwe ivunitse ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane kandi bishobora kubaho kubera imvune nto nko kugwa cyangwa no gukorora cyane. Niyo mpamvu abantu bafite imwe nini bakunze kugirwa inama yo kwirinda imikino ihuza abantu n'ibikorwa bifite ibyago byinshi byo gukomereka.

Hypersplenism ibaho iyo imwe yawe ikora cyane mu gukuraho utunyabuzima tw'amaraso, ikakuraho utunyabuzima twiza hamwe n'utwangiritse. Ibi bishobora gutera ikibazo aho ubwonko bw'amaraso budashobora gukomeza gukora utunyabuzima bukuraho.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ibibazo byinshi birindwa hakurikijwe uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze no kuvura indwara iri inyuma itera kugura. Ikipe yawe y'ubuvuzi izagufasha gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe n'uburyo bwo kubigabanya.

Ese imwe nini imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya imwe nini bisanzwe bitangira muganga wawe akareba mu nda yawe mu isuzuma rya fiziki. Imwe nzima isanzwe ntabwo ishobora kuboneka hanze, bityo niba muganga wawe ashobora kuyibona, ibi bigaragaza ko ikura.

Muganga wawe azategeka ibizamini byo kubona amashusho kugira ngo yemeze icyemezo kandi apime ubunini bw'imwe. Ultrasound akenshi iba ari yo mbere kuko idakoraho kandi itanga amashusho meza y'imwe yawe. CT scans cyangwa MRI zishobora gukoreshwa kugira amakuru arambuye cyangwa niba hari izindi ndwara zigomba kuvanwamo.

Ibizamini by'amaraso bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gusobanukirwa impamvu imwe yawe ikura. Ibi bizamini bishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'indwara, indwara z'amaraso, ibibazo by'umwijima, cyangwa indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Muganga wawe ashobora kugenzura umubare w'amaraso yawe, ibizamini by'umwijima, n'ibimenyetso byihariye by'indwara zitandukanye.

Rimwe na rimwe, hari ibizamini byihariye bikenewe hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe n'ibyavuye mu bizamini byambere. Ibi bishobora kuba biopsy y'ubwonko bw'amaraso, ibizamini by'indwara zimwe na zimwe, cyangwa ibizamini by'imirire ku ndwara z'amaraso zikomoka ku miryango. Intego ihora ari ukumenya icyateye ikibazo kugira ngo kuvura bibe byibanze.

Ese imwe nini ivurwa gute?

Kuvura imwe nini bibanda ku kuvura indwara iri inyuma itera kugura. Mu bihe byinshi, kuvura neza icyateye ikibazo bituma imwe isubira ubunini bwayo busanzwe.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura harimo:

• Imiti: Antibiyotike ku ndwara, steroide ku ndwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, cyangwa chemotherapy ku cancer y'amaraso
• Kuvura indwara z'umwijima: Gucunga indwara nka cirrhosis cyangwa hepatitis
• Guhinduranya amaraso: Ku bantu bafite anemia ikomeye cyangwa utunyabuzima tw'amaraso duke
• Imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Ku ndwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri zigira ingaruka ku mwe
• Radiation therapy: Rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa ku cancer y'amaraso

Mu bihe bike iyo imwe nini itera ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa idakira mu bindi bivurwa, kuyikuramo (splenectomy) bishobora kuba ngombwa. Ibi bikunze kuba ngombwa iyo inyungu isobanutse kurusha ibyago, kuko kubaho udafite imwe bisaba kwitwararika ubuzima bwose ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe.

Gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa izahuzwa n'uko uhagaze, hakurikijwe icyateye ikibazo, ubukana bw'ugura, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Abantu benshi babona impinduka nziza iyo indwara iri inyuma ivuwe neza.

Uburyo bwo gucunga ibimenyetso mu rugo mugihe cyo kuvurwa?

Nubwo kuvurwa kwa muganga bikemura icyateye ikibazo, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora mu rugo kugira ngo ufashe gucunga ibimenyetso no kurinda imwe yawe nini. Intambwe ikomeye ni ukwirinda ibikorwa bishobora gukomeretsa mu nda.

Dore uburyo bwiza bwo kwita ku buzima bwawe:

• Kwima imikino ihuza abantu, imirimo ikomeye, cyangwa ibikorwa bifite ibyago byo gukomeretsa mu nda
• Kurya ibiryo bike, byinshi, niba wumva wuzuye vuba
• Kuruhukira iyo unaniwe kandi ntukomeze kunanirwa cyane
• Kuba maso ku gukingira indwara kugira ngo wirinde indwara
• Kwita ku isuku kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kwandura indwara
• Kumenyesha muganga wawe ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa ububabare buri kwiyongera vuba

Witondere cyane kwirinda kugwa cyangwa impanuka mu rugo. Ibi bishobora gusobanura gukoresha ibikoresho byo gufata ku ndunduro, gucana amatara neza, no kwitonda cyane ku bibaho byuzuye amazi cyangwa bishobora gutera impanuka.

Niba ufite ububabare mu nda, gushyiraho ubushyuhe buke cyangwa gufata imiti igabanya ububabare ukoresheje imiti idasaba ubuvuzi nkuko muganga wawe yabyemeje bishobora kugufasha. Ariko, kwirinda imiti ishobora kugira ingaruka ku maraso, nka aspirine, keretse muganga wawe yabikwemereye.

Ese ukwiye gutegura gute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko rwawe bishobora kugufasha kugira ngo ubone icyemezo cyiza kandi ubone gahunda nziza yo kuvurwa. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe byose, ndetse n'ibyaba bitagaragara ko bifitanye isano n'imwe yawe.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti ukoresha, harimo imiti ugura udafite ubuvuzi n'ibindi. Nanone, kora amakuru yerekeye amateka yawe y'ubuzima, amateka y'umuryango wawe y'indwara z'amaraso cyangwa indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, n'ingendo za vuba mu duce dufite indwara zandura.

Tekereza ku gihe ibimenyetso byawe byatangiye niba hari ikintu kibikiza cyangwa kibibabaza. Andika indwara za vuba, imvune, cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mu buzima bishobora kuba bifitanye isano. Niba warigeze gukora ibizamini by'amaraso cyangwa amashusho, zana ibyavuye muri ibyo bizamini.

Tegura ibibazo uzazaza muganga wawe, nko kubaza icyateye imwe yawe kugura, ibizamini byongeyeho bishobora kuba ngombwa, n'uburyo bwo kuvura buhari. Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kubaza ibyo ugomba kwirinda gukora n'ibimenyetso bikwiye gutuma uhabwa ubufasha bw'abaganga ako kanya.

Ese icyingenzi cyo kumenya ku mwe nini ni iki?

Imwe nini akenshi iba ari uburyo umubiri wawe usubiza ikibazo kiri inyuma kurusha ubundi burwayi. Nubwo ibi bishobora kuba bishishikaje, abenshi muri bo bashobora kuvurwa neza iyo icyateye ikibazo kimenyekanye kandi kivuwe.

Ikintu gikomeye cyo kwibuka ni uko kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvura bikunze gutanga umusaruro mwiza. Abantu benshi bafite imwe nini bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe, bwiza iyo indwara iri inyuma ivuwe neza.

Komeza kuba maso ku bimenyetso nko kubabara mu nda buhoraho, kunanirwa bitamenyerewe, cyangwa indwara nyinshi, ariko ntutinye niba ufite ibyo bibazo. Korana na muganga wawe kugira ngo usobanukirwe uko uhagaze kandi ukore ibyo bagutegetse kugira ngo uvurwe kandi uhindure imibereho yawe.

Hamwe no kuvurwa neza n'uburyo bwo kwirinda busanzwe, imwe nini ntigomba kugira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe. Ibanda ku kuvura icyateye ikibazo, kwirinda imvune, no guhora uganira na muganga wawe ku mpinduka zose mu bimenyetso byawe.

Ibibazo byakunda kubaho ku mwe nini

Ese imwe nini ishobora gusubira ubunini bwayo busanzwe?

Yego, mu bihe byinshi imwe nini ishobora gusubira ubunini bwayo busanzwe iyo indwara iri inyuma ivuwe neza. Ibi ni byo cyane ku kugura guterwa n'indwara, bikunze gukira neza iyo bivuwe neza. Ariko, igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye bitewe n'icyateye ikibazo kandi gishobora kuva mu byumweru ku mezi.

Ese gukora siporo ni byiza ufite imwe nini?

Gukora siporo nko kugenda bisanzwe ni byiza, ariko ukwiye kwirinda imikino ihuza abantu, imirimo ikomeye, cyangwa ibikorwa bishobora gukomeretsa mu nda. Imwe nini iba yoroheje kandi ishobora kuvunika kubera imvune. Ugomba guhora uganira na muganga wawe ku byo ugomba kwirinda gukora, kuko inama zishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubunini bw'ugura n'icyateye ikibazo.

Ni ibihe biribwa nkwiye kwirinda mfite imwe nini?

Nta biribwa byihariye ukwiye kwirinda gusa kubera imwe nini. Ariko, niba wumva wuzuye vuba, kurya ibiryo bike, byinshi bishobora kugufasha. Ibanda ku mirire yuzuye ifite intungamubiri nyinshi kugira ngo ushyigikire ubuzima bwawe muri rusange n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Muganga wawe ashobora kugira inama zihariye ku mirire hashingiwe ku ndwara yawe.

Ese bisaba igihe kingana iki gukira imwe nini?

Igihe cyo gukira gitandukanye cyane bitewe n'icyateye kugura. Indwara zishobora gukira mu byumweru, mu gihe indwara z'igihe kirekire zishobora gusaba kuvurwa buri gihe. Bamwe babona ko ibimenyetso bigabanuka mu minsi mike batangiye kuvurwa, abandi bashobora gukenera amezi menshi. Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira igihe cyiza hashingiwe ku cyo urufite.

Ese umunaniro ushobora gutera imwe nini?

Umunaniro ubwayo ntabwo utera imwe kugura, ariko umunaniro uhoraho ushobora kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bityo ukagutera kwandura indwara zishobora gutera imwe kugura. Byongeye kandi, umunaniro ushobora kongera indwara ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri zimwe na zimwe zimwe na zimwe ziterwa no kugura kw'imwe. Gucunga umunaniro binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka, gusinzira bihagije, no gukora siporo bishobora gufasha ubuzima bwawe muri rusange no gukira.