Ese ependymoma ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Ependymoma ni ubwoko bw'igisebe cyangwa umwimerere mu bwonko cyangwa mu mugongo uterwa n'uturemangingo twitwa ependymal cells, dutera mu mizi y'amazi mu nzego z'ubwonko n'umugongo. Nubwo izina ryabyo rishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara bishobora kugufasha kumva uriteguye kandi uzi ibyo bivuze n'uburyo byitwarwa.

Aya misebe ishobora kugaragara mu myaka yose, nubwo akenshi iboneka mu bana bato n'abantu bakuru bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 30 na 40. Inkuru nziza ni uko ependymomas nyinshi zikura buhoro buhoro, kandi hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buhamye kandi buzuye.

Ese ependymoma ni iki?

Ependymoma ni igisebe gikura mu turemangingo twa ependymal, ari two turemangingo twihariye dutera mu myanya y'amazi mu bwonko n'umuyoboro wa nyuma mu mugongo. Tekereza kuri aya turemangingo nk'igice cy'imbere cy'ahantu amazi yo mu bwonko anyura mu nzego z'ubwonko n'umugongo.

Aya misebe ashobora gutera ahantu hose mu nzego z'ubwonko n'umugongo, ariko akenshi agaragara mu myanya y'amazi mu bwonko cyangwa ku mugongo. Ahantu igisebe gikura kenshi bigena ibimenyetso ushobora kugira n'uburyo abaganga bagera ku buvuzi.

Ependymomas ziboneka nk'imisebe y'ubwonko y'ibanze, bisobanura ko itangira mu bwonko cyangwa mu mugongo aho kuba yaturutse ahandi mu mubiri. Ishobora kuba nta ngaruka (itari kanseri) cyangwa mbi (kanseri), aho abenshi bari hagati y'izi ngingo.

Ni iyihe mitype ya ependymoma?

Abaganga bagabanya ependymomas mu bwoko butandukanye hashingiwe aho ziba n'uko zisa iyo zirebwe muri mikoroskopi. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza uko ibintu bimeze.

Ubwoko nyamukuru burimo:

• Subependymomas: Iyi ni yo mitype ikura buhoro kandi akenshi iba nta ngaruka. Akenshi ntabimenyetso bitera kandi bishobora kuboneka mu buryo butunguranye mu bipimo by'ubwonko kubera izindi mpamvu.
• Myxopapillary ependymomas: Iyi ikunda kuba mu gice cyo hasi cy'umugongo kandi akenshi iba ari imisebe y'ikiciro cya mbere, bisobanura ko ikura buhoro cyane.
• Classic ependymomas: Iyi ni imisebe y'ikiciro cya kabiri ishobora kuba mu bwonko cyangwa mu mugongo kandi ikura mu muvuduko uciriritse.
• Anaplastic ependymomas: Iyi ni imisebe y'ikiciro cya gatatu ikura vuba kandi ishobora gusubira inyuma nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Itsinda ry'abaganga bazamenya ubwoko ufite binyuze mu isuzuma ry'ibice by'umubiri. Aya makuru abafasha gukora gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikwiye ku kibazo cyawe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya ependymoma?

Ibimenyetso bya ependymoma biterwa ahanini n'aho igisebe kiri n'ubunini bwacyo. Kubera ko aya misebe ashobora gukanda ku mizi y'ubwonko cyangwa umugongo, akenshi itera ibibazo bijyanye n'agace runaka ikoraho.

Niba ufite ependymoma mu bwonko, ushobora kugira:

• Uburwayi bw'umutwe buhoraho bushobora kuba bubi uko bwije n'uko bucyeye
• Isesemi no kuruka, cyane cyane mu gitondo
• Ibibazo byo kubura umutekano cyangwa kugorana kugenda
• Guhinduka kw'ubuhanga cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri
• Imihindagurikire
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka cyangwa guhinduka mu mitekereze
• Guhinduka kw'imico cyangwa imimerere
• Ubusembwa mu maboko cyangwa amaguru

Ku misebe yo mu mugongo, ibimenyetso bikunda kuba:

• Uburwayi bw'umugongo budakira nubwo uruhuka
• Kubabara cyangwa kunanirwa mu maboko cyangwa amaguru
• Ubusembwa mu ngingo
• Gukora nabi kwa urinaire cyangwa imyanya y'amayobera
• Ibibazo byo guhuza ibintu

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuza buhoro buhoro mu byumweru cyangwa amezi. Abantu benshi batangiye kubyirengagiza nk'umunaniro cyangwa umunaniro, kandi ibyo bisobanuka. Niba ufite ibimenyetso bihoraho, cyane cyane ububabare bw'umutwe buherekejwe n'ibindi bimenyetso by'ubwonko, birakwiye kubivugana na muganga wawe.

Ni iki giterwa na ependymoma?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya ependymoma ntisobanuwe neza, ibyo bishobora gutera agahinda iyo ushaka ibisobanuro. Icyo tuzi ni uko aya misebe aterwa n'uturemangingo twa ependymal dutangira gukura no kwibyarira mu buryo butagira imipaka, ariko icyateye uyu mucyo ntikirasobanuka mu bihe byinshi.

Bitandukanye n'izindi kanseri, ependymomas ntibigaragara ko biterwa n'imibereho nk'itaba cyangwa indyo. Ntabwo ari indwara zandura, kandi mu bihe byinshi, ntibyarazwe n'ababyeyi bawe.

Ariko rero, hari ibibazo bike by'imyororokere bishobora kongera ibyago:

• Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2): Iyi ndwara y'imyororokere idasanzwe ishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira ubwoko bumwe bw'imisebe y'ubwonko, harimo ependymomas.
• Ubuvuzi bwakozwe mbere: Mu bihe bike cyane, abantu bavuwe mu bwonko cyangwa umugongo kubera izindi ndwara bashobora kugira ibyago byiyongereye gato.

Ku bantu benshi bafite ependymoma, nta mpamvu cyangwa ibyago byamenyekanye. Ibyo ntabwo ari amakosa yawe, kandi nta kintu ushobora kuba warakoze kugira ngo ubikumire. Kwibanda ku gukomeza ubuvuzi n'ubwitabire ni cyo kintu cyiza cyane.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera ibimenyetso bya ependymoma?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ubwonko bihoraho, cyane cyane niba bigenda biba bibi uko bwije n'uko bucyeye. Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuba bifite impamvu nyinshi, bihora byiza kubisuzuma vuba uko bishoboka.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'amahoro vuba niba ufite:

• Uburwayi bukomeye bw'umutwe butandukanye n'ubundi wari usanzwe ufite
• Uburwayi bw'umutwe buherekejwe no kuruka, cyane cyane mu gitondo
• Guhinduka kw'ubuhanga cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri
• Imihindagurikire mishya cyangwa guhinduka mu buryo bwari busanzwe bw'imihindagurikire
• Ibibazo bikomeye byo kubura umutekano cyangwa kugorana kugenda
• Ubusembwa butunguranye mu maboko cyangwa amaguru
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo gukora imyanya y'urinaire cyangwa imyanya y'amayobera

Hamagara serivisi z'ubuvuzi bw'amahoro ako kanya niba ufite ububabare bukomeye bw'umutwe butunguranye bumva nk'“ububabare bw'umutwe bubi kurusha ibindi byose”, kubura ubwenge butunguranye, cyangwa ibimenyetso bikomeye by'ubwonko bije vuba.

Wibuke ko ibibazo byinshi bishobora gutera ibi bimenyetso, kandi byinshi si imisebe y'ubwonko. Ariko, isuzuma rya vuba rifasha kuvurwa vuba niba hari ikintu gikomeye kibonetse, kandi bishobora gutanga amahoro niba impamvu ari ikintu kitakomeye.

Ni ibihe byago bya ependymoma?

Ependymomas nyinshi ziba nta byago byamenyekanye, bisobanura ko zishobora kugera kuri uwo ari we wese. Ariko, hariho imikorere mike abaganga babonye ishobora gufasha gusobanukirwa.

Imyaka igira uruhare, hamwe n'ibihe bibiri by'ingenzi ependymomas ikunda kuboneka:

• Abana bato, cyane cyane abafite munsi y'imyaka 5
• Abantu bakuru bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 30 na 40

Ibibazo bike by'imyororokere bishobora kongera ibyago birimo:

• Neurofibromatosis type 2: Ibi bigira ingaruka ku bantu bake cyane kurusha 1 kuri 25.000 ariko byongera ibyago by'imisebe imwe y'ubwonko
• Ubuvuzi bwo mu bwonko cyangwa umugongo: Iyi ni ingaruka nke cyane ishobora kuba ku bantu bavuwe mu bwonko kubera izindi kanseri

Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzagira ependymoma. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago ntibabona imisebe, mu gihe abantu benshi bafite ependymoma nta byago byamenyekanye.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya ependymoma?

Nubwo gutekereza ku bibazo bishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa ibibazo bishoboka bifasha wowe n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe kwitegura no gusubiza neza. Ibibazo byinshi bishobora gufatwaho ingamba cyangwa bikarindwa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ibibazo bituruka ku gisebe ubwayo bishobora kuba:

• Kongera umuvuduko mu bwonko niba igisebe kibangamiye amazi yo mu bwonko
• Ibibazo by'ubwonko bijyanye n'aho igisebe kiri, nko kugorana kwiyubaka cyangwa guhinduka kw'imyumvire
• Imihindagurikire, ishobora gufatwaho ingamba hakoreshejwe imiti
• Guhinduka mu mitekereze, cyane cyane ku misebe iri mu bice bimwe by'ubwonko

Ibibazo bijyanye n'ubuvuzi bishobora kubaho ariko bifatwaho ingamba neza:

• Ibyago by'ubuganga, nubwo bigabanywa hakoreshejwe ubuhanga bugezweho n'abaganga b'inzobere
• Ingaruka z'ubuvuzi bw'ubwonko, itsinda ryanyu rizabikurikirana kandi ribafashe kubigenzura
• Ingaruka z'imiti yo kuvura kanseri, niba ubu buvuzi butegetswe

Ubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma kw'igisebe ni ikindi kibazo, niyo mpamvu gukurikirana ubuvuzi buhoraho ari ingenzi cyane. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizategura gahunda yo gukurikirana ikubereye.

Wibuke ko itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi rifite ubunararibonye mu gukumira no gucunga ibi bibazo bishoboka. Kuvugana ubutazuyaze ku bibazo cyangwa ibimenyetso ufite bifasha gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza.

Ese ependymoma imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya ependymoma bisaba intambwe nyinshi, kandi muganga wawe azakuyobora kuri buri ntambwe. Uyu mucyo utangira akenshi n'ibiganiro birambuye ku bimenyetso byawe n'isuzuma ry'umubiri, harimo ibizamini by'ubwonko kugira ngo urebe imiterere yawe, umutekano, no guhuza ibintu.

Isuzuma ry'amashusho ni intambwe ikomeye ikurikiyeho:

• MRI scan: Iyi ni isuzuma ry'ingenzi ryo kumenya ependymoma. Itanga amashusho arambuye y'ubwonko bwawe cyangwa umugongo kandi ishobora kwerekana ubunini bw'igisebe, aho kiri, n'imiterere yacyo.
• CT scan: Rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa uherekejwe na MRI, cyane cyane mu bihe by'amahoro cyangwa niba MRI idahari.
• Lumbar puncture: Rimwe na rimwe itegekwa kugira ngo urebe amazi yo mu bwonko kubera uturemangingo twa kanseri, nubwo atari ngombwa buri gihe.

Kumenya neza bisaba igice cy'umubiri, bisobanura ko:

• Biopsy cyangwa gukuraho igisebe: Umuganga w'inzobere azakuramo igice cy'umubiri kugira ngo akore isuzuma muri mikoroskopi. Akenshi, ibi bibaho mu gihe cy'ubuganga kugira ngo bakureho igisebe kinini uko bishoboka.
• Isuzuma rya pathological: Umuganga azasuzumira igice cy'umubiri kugira ngo yemeze uko ibintu bimeze kandi amenye ubwoko n'ikiciro bya ependymoma.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rishobora kandi kugutegeka ibizamini by'inyongera kugira ngo urebe niba igisebe cyakwirakwiye, nubwo ependymomas zidakwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Umucyo wose wo kumenya ufasha abaganga bawe gukora gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikwiye ku kibazo cyawe.

Ni iki kivura ependymoma?

Ubuvuzi bwa ependymoma busanzwe burimo ubufatanye bw'abaganga, abaganga b'inzobere mu kuvura kanseri, n'abandi bahanga mu by'ubuvuzi bakorera hamwe. Intego nyamukuru ni ugukuraho igisebe kinini uko bishoboka kandi ukabungabunga imikorere y'ubwonko.

Ubuganga buhora ari bwo buvuzi bwa mbere:

• Gukuraho igisebe cyose: Iyo bishoboka, abaganga bagerageza gukuraho igisebe cyose. Ibi akenshi bitanga umusaruro mwiza mu gihe kirekire.
• Gukuraho igice: Niba igisebe kiri ahantu gukuraho byose bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubwonko, abaganga bakuraho uko bishoboka.
• Biopsy gusa: Mu bihe bike cyane aho ubuganga ari ikibazo, igice gito gishobora gukurwamo kugira ngo hamenyekane uko ibintu bimeze.

Ubuvuzi bw'ubwonko bukunze gukurikira ubuganga:

• Ubuvuzi bw'ubwonko bwo hanze: Ibi bigerageza ku turemangingo twose tw'igisebe dushigaje mu gihe bigabanya ibibazo ku mizi y'umubiri.
• Proton therapy: Ubwoko bw'ubuvuzi bw'ubwonko bwihariye bushobora kugerwaho mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane ku bana.

Imiti yo kuvura kanseri rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa:

• Ikunze gutegekwa ku bana kurusha abantu bakuru
• Ishobora kugenwa niba igisebe gisubira inyuma nyuma yo kuvurwa bwa mbere
• Ikoreshwa hamwe n'ubundi buvuzi aho kuba bonyine

Gahunda yawe y'ubuvuzi izahuzwa n'uko ibintu bimeze, ibintu nk'aho igisebe kiri, ubunini, ikiciro, imyaka yawe, n'ubuzima muri rusange. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizagusobanurira buri buvuzi butegekwa kandi ribafashe gusobanukirwa icyo witeze.

Uburyo bwo gucunga ibimenyetso mu rugo mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi?

Gucunga ibimenyetso mu rugo ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ubuvuzi bwawe muri rusange. Nubwo ubuvuzi bw'abaganga bufasha igisebe ubwayo, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo wumve utekanye kandi ushyigikire gukira kwawe.

Kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi bw'uburwayi bw'umutwe:

• Fata imiti yategetswe ukurikije amabwiriza
• Komereza ahantu hakonje, hihishe, hatuje igihe ububabare bw'umutwe buje
• Koresha uburyo bwo kuruhuka nk'ubuhumekero bwimbitse cyangwa gutekereza buhoro
• Komereza amazi, ariko ukurikije amabwiriza y'amazi muganga wawe yakuhaye

Kugira ngo ushyigikire imibereho yawe muri rusange:

• Ruhukira bihagije, ariko gerageza kuguma ufite ibikorwa bya buri munsi uko bishoboka
• Funga ibiryo biringaniye kugira ngo ushyigikire umubiri wawe mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi
• Saba ubufasha mu bikorwa bya buri munsi igihe ubishaka
• Komeza uhuze n'inshuti n'umuryango kugira ngo ubone inkunga yo mu mutima

Ibintu by'umutekano ni ingenzi:

• Kwirinda gutwara ibinyabiziga niba ufite imihindagurikire cyangwa ibimenyetso bikomeye by'ubwonko
• Kuraho ibintu bishobora gutera impanuka mu rugo niba ufite ibibazo byo kubura umutekano
• Komereza nimero za telefoni z'ingenzi
• Menya igihe ukwiye kuvugana n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe ufite impungenge

Wibuke ko gucunga ibimenyetso ari ibintu byihariye. Icyakora kuri umuntu kimwe gishobora kudakora ku wundi, rero korana n'itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi kugira ngo ubone uburyo bwiza ku kibazo cyawe.

Uko wakwitegura ku muhango wawe w'umuganga?

Kwitunganya ku mihigo yawe y'abaganga bishobora kugufasha kubona ibyiza byinshi mu gihe cyawe hamwe n'itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi. Kuba uteguye kandi uteguye bifasha kwemeza ko ibibazo byawe byose byasubijwe kandi amakuru y'ingenzi atangwa.

Mbere y'umuhango wawe, kora amakuru y'ingenzi:

• Andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uko byahindutse
• Andika imiti yose ufata, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n'ibindi
• Zana kopi y'ibizamini byose byakozwe mbere cyangwa amashusho
• Tegura urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubaza

Teganya kuzana umuntu ugufasha:

• Umuryango cyangwa inshuti ishobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe
• Bashobora gutanga inkunga yo mu mutima mu biganiro bigoye
• Bashobora gutekereza ku bibazo utatekerejeho
• Bashobora kugufasha kwandika mu gihe cy'umuhango

Ibibazo ushobora kubaza birimo:

• Ni ubwoko n'ikiciro kihe cya ependymoma mfite?
• Ni ibihe bintu byo kuvura mfite?
• Ni iyihe ngaruka mbi zishoboka za buri buvuzi?
• Ubuvuzi buzagira ikihe kintu ku mibereho yanjye ya buri munsi?
• Ni iyihe mikurikirane nzaba nkeneye?
• Hariho ibizamini by'ubuvuzi nakwiye gutekerezaho?

Ntukabe ikibazo cyo gusaba ibisobanuro niba utumva ikintu. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rishaka ko uzi neza uko ibintu bimeze n'uburyo bwo kuvura.

Ni iki cyingenzi cyo kwibuka kuri ependymoma?

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka kuri ependymoma ni uko nubwo kubona iyi ndwara bishobora gutera ubwoba, abantu benshi bafite iyi ndwara bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buhamye kandi bufite icyo bumaze. Ubuvuzi bugezweho bwateje imbere cyane ibyavuye mu kuvura abantu bafite ependymoma.

Ubuvuzi bwiza akenshi biterwa n'ibintu nk'aho igisebe kiri, ubunini, n'ikiciro, kimwe n'uko gishobora gukurwamo neza. Ependymomas nyinshi, cyane cyane izikura buhoro, zisubiza neza ubuvuzi.

Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rifite ubunararibonye bwinshi mu kuvura ependymoma kandi rizajya rimwe na rimwe kugira ngo bakore gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikwiye. Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kubaza ibibazo, gushaka ibindi byifuzo niba ubishaka, no kwiringira umuryango wawe mu rugendo.

Wibuke ko uburambe bwa buri wese kuri ependymoma ari bwite. Nubwo ari byiza gushaka amakuru kuri interineti, uko ibintu bimeze n'uko bizagenda bishobora gupimwa neza gusa n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga rizi amakuru yose y'ikibazo cyawe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri ependymoma

Ese ependymoma ihora ari kanseri?

Si ependymomas zose ziba kanseri mu buryo busanzwe. Ubwoko bumwe, nka subependymomas, bufatwa nk'ubutare kandi bukura buhoro cyane. Ariko, ndetse n'imisebe y'ubwonko idafite ingaruka ishobora gutera ibibazo niba ikura igeze aho gukanda ku mizi.

Ese ependymoma ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri?

Ependymomas zidakwirakwira hanze y'inzego z'ubwonko n'umugongo mu bindi bice by'umubiri. Iyo zikwirakwira, akenshi bibaho mu mazi yo mu bwonko mu bindi bice by'ubwonko cyangwa umugongo. Ibi ni bike cyane kurusha ubundi bwoko bwa kanseri, kandi ibyo ni inkuru nziza ku gahunda y'ubuvuzi.

Ese nzakenera ubuvuzi ubuzima bwanjye bwose?

Abantu benshi ntibakenera ubuvuzi bukomeza nyuma y'ubuvuzi bwabo bwa mbere. Ariko, uzakenera gukurikirana ubuvuzi buhoraho n'ibizamini by'amashusho kugira ngo urebe niba hari ikimenyetso cyo gusubira inyuma kw'igisebe. Akenshi, ubwo buvuzi bugabanuka uko igihe gihita niba ibintu byose bikomeza kuba byiza.

Ese abana bafite ependymoma bashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe?

Abana benshi bavuwe kuri ependymoma bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe kandi buhamye. Uburyo bwo kuvura abana akenshi bwibanda ku kugabanya ingaruka z'igihe kirekire mu gihe bavura igisebe. Amatsinda y'abaganga b'abana harimo abahanga bazi ibyo abana bakura bakeneye kandi bakorera hamwe kugira ngo babungabunge iterambere risanzwe igihe cyose bishoboka.

Ni iki nakora niba mfite impungenge ko ibimenyetso bisubira?

Ni ibintu bisanzwe kugira impungenge ku bimenyetso, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro y'igihe cyo gukurikirana. Komereza ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa bibangamira kandi ubiganire n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga mu mihigo yawe isanzwe cyangwa vuba niba bibaye ngombwa. Ibimenyetso byinshi bibangamira abarwayi bigaragara ko bidahujwe na ependymoma yabo, ariko bihora byiza kubigenzura no kubona amahoro.