Epiglottitis ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, & Uko Ivurwa

Epiglottitis ni indwara ikomeye itera kubyimba kw’igice cy’umubiri kitwa epiglotte, igice gito gisa n’igitambaro gikinga umuyoboro w’ubuhumekero iyo umuntu arimo kurya. Iyi ndwara ishobora gutera imbogamizi mu guhumeka no kurya, bityo ikaba isaba ubutabazi bwa muganga vuba na vuba.

Tekereza kuri epiglotte yawe nk’igitambaro gikinga ibiryo n’ibinyobwa ngo bitinjire mu mwijima. Iyo ibyimbye bikaba byarangije kubyimbagana, bishobora gufunga umuyoboro w’ubuhumekero, bigatera ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima gisaba ubutabazi bwihuse.

Epiglottitis ni iki?

Epiglottitis ibaho iyo epiglotte yanduye ikabyimba cyane. Epiglotte ni igice cy’umubiri gisa n’ikibabi kiri hasi y’ururimi, hejuru gato y’agakombe k’ijwi.

Iyi ndwara mbere yabonekaga cyane mu bana, ariko gukingira indwara ya Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) byagabanije cyane ubwandu mu bana. Ubu, epiglottitis igaragara cyane mu bakuru kurusha abana, nubwo ishobora kugaragara mu kigero icyo aricyo cyose.

Kubyimbagana bibaho vuba kandi bishobora kwihuta mu masaha make. Kubera ko epiglotte iba iri ku muryango w’umuyoboro w’ubuhumekero, no kubyimbagana gato bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka.

Ibimenyetso bya Epiglottitis ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya epiglottitis bigaragara vuba kandi bishobora kuba bikomeye mu masaha make. Kumenya ibi bimenyetso hakiri kare bishobora gukiza ubuzima, kuko iyi ndwara ishobora guhita igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo guhumeka.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo:

• Kubabara mu muhogo cyane bitangira vuba
• Kugorana kurya, akenshi bifatanije no gucira amarira
• Ijwi ridafatika cyangwa ridafite imbaraga
• Umuriro mwinshi, ubusanzwe urenze 101°F (38.3°C)
• Kugorana guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka ari ukwivanga
• Gukunda kwicara uhagaze kandi uganamye imbere

Mu bana, ushobora kubona kandi kutumva neza, kudatuha, no kuguma bafunguye akanwa kugira ngo bahume neza. Abakuze bashobora kugira ibimenyetso bidafite imbaraga cyane mu ntangiriro, ariko iyi ndwara ishobora gukomeza kwihuta.

Ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi ni uburyo bwo kwicara bipfukamye, aho umuntu yicara yicaye, agapfukamira imbere, akanagurumana ijosi kugira ngo yorohereze guhumeka. Ubu buryo bufasha gufungura inzira y’ubuhumekero uko bishoboka kose.

Icyateye Epiglottitis?

Epiglottitis iterwa ahanini n’indwara ziterwa na bagiteri, nubwo virusi n’ibindi bintu bishobora kandi gutera iyi ndwara. Gusobanukirwa icyayiteye bifasha gusobanura impamvu kuvurwa vuba na antibiyotike ari ingenzi cyane.

Intandaro za bagiteri zisanzwe harimo:

• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus)
• Streptococcus pyogenes (agatsiko A strep)
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Haemophilus influenzae type b (ubu birarenga kubera inkingo)

Intandaro zidafite akamaro zishobora kuba harimo indwara ziterwa na virusi nka zimwe mu ziterwa na ibicurane cyangwa grippe, indwara ziterwa n’ibinyampeke mu bantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, cyangwa imvune y’umubiri mu muhogo iterwa n’ibinyobwa bishyushye cyangwa imvune y’umubiri.

Rimwe na rimwe, gutwikwa n’ibintu by’imiti iterwa no guhumeka umwotsi, umwuka ushyushye, cyangwa ibindi bintu bituma habaho kubyimbagira. Ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, cyane cyane kunywa crack cocaine, byahujwe na epiglottitis mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.

Iyo ukwiye kubona muganga kubera Epiglottitis?

Epiglottitis ihora ari ubutabazi bw’ubuvuzi bukeneye ubutabazi bwihuse bw’ibitaro. Niba ukeka epiglottitis kuri wowe cyangwa undi muntu, hamagara 911 cyangwa ujye mu bitaro byihuse.

Shakisha ubutabazi bw’ubuvuzi bwihuse ako kanya niba ubona:

• Uburwayi bukabije bw’umutwe
• Gukomeretsa guhumeka cyangwa kurya
• Gusuka amarira kubera kudashaka kurya
• Ijwi ridafite imbaraga cyangwa kudashaka kuvuga neza
• Umuriro mwinshi ufite ibimenyetso by’umutwe
• Kwica bipfukamye

Ntugatege amatsiko yo kureba niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ubwabyo. Umuyoboro w’ubuhumekero ushobora gufunga burundu mu masaha make, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutera urupfu mu gihe utabonye ubuvuzi vuba.

Irinde kugerageza kureba mu muhogo hakoreshejwe itara cyangwa igikoresho cyo gusunika ururimi, kuko bishobora gutuma epiglotte yabareye ifunga burundu umuyoboro w’ubuhumekero. Reka abaganga babigize umwuga bakore isuzuma bakoresheje ibikoresho bikwiye.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara Epiglottitis?

Nubwo epiglottitis ishobora kwibasira umuntu uwo ari we wese, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara ikomeye. Kumenya ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bigufasha kuba maso ku bimenyetso.

Ibyo bintu byongera ibyago bikuru birimo:

• Kuba umugabo (ikunze kugaragara ku bagabo kurusha abagore)
• Kugira ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke
• Kutaterwa inkingo ya Hib
• Kuba mu hantu hacuze
• Kugira diabete cyangwa izindi ndwara zidakira
• Kuba umwirabura (ibyago biyongera gato)

Imyaka nayo igira uruhare, abantu bari hagati y’imyaka 20 na 40 nibo bakunze kurwara iyi ndwara muri iki gihe. Ariko kandi, iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara mu myaka yose, kandi abantu bakuze bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi bitewe n’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke muri rusange.

Ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe cyangwa ibintu umuntu ahura na byo bishobora kongera ibyago, nko kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga nyinshi, cyangwa guhumeka umwotsi w’itabi. Abantu bakora mu biro birimo imyuka cyangwa ibintu byangiza bishobora no kuba bafite ibyago byinshi.

Ni iyihe ngaruka mbi zishobora guterwa na Epiglottitis?

Epiglottitis ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi zikomeye zishobora gutera urupfu mu gihe idakize vuba. Ingaruka mbi ikomeye ni ugufunga burundu umuyoboro w’ubuhumekero, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutera urupfu mu minota mike.

Ingaruka mbi zikomeye cyane harimo:

• Ibihombo byuzuye byo mu muhogo bisaba ko hakoreshwa umuyoboro wo guhumeka byihuse
• Guhumeka nabi no guhagarara kw’umutima
• Ikwirakwira ry’ubwandu mu bindi bice by’umubiri
• Pneumonia iterwa no kwishima amasura cyangwa ibiryo
• Ubwandu bw’amaraso (sepsis)

Mu bihe bitoroshye, ubwandu bushobora gukwirakwira mu mubiri hafi, bugatera ibisebe mu muhogo cyangwa mu gituza. Ibi bishobora gutera ibibazo byo guhumeka kurushaho kandi bishobora gusaba kubagwa kugira ngo ibyondo bikurwe.

Inkuru nziza ni uko, iyo hamenyekanye hakiri kare kandi hakabaho ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi barakira neza epiglottitis. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukugana kwa muganga mbere y’uko ibibazo bikomeye bigaragara.

Epiglottitis imenyeshwa gute?

Kumenya epiglottitis bisaba isuzuma ry’abaganga ry’ubwenge, kuko gusuzuma umuhogo nabi bishobora kuba bibi. Abaganga bo mu bitaro byihuse bakoresha ubuhanga n’ibikoresho byihariye kugira ngo basuzume neza uko ubuzima buhagaze.

Uburyo bwo gusuzuma busanzwe burimo kwandika amateka y’ibimenyetso n’igihe byatangiye. Abaganga bazabaza ibibazo ku bintu nk’umuriro, kubabara mu muhogo, kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima, n’ibibazo byo guhumeka, bakagufasha kuguma utuje kandi wishimye.

Kugira ngo barebe epiglottis neza, abaganga bashobora gukoresha ikintu cyoroshye cyitwa laryngoscope kinjira mu mazuru. Ibi bibafasha kubona epiglottis yabareye batateye ikibazo cyo guhagarara kw’umuhogo cyangwa gufungwa gukomeye.

Mu bihe bimwe bimwe, X-ray y’umutwe ishobora kwerekana epiglottis yabareye, ikaba igaragara nk’icyo abaganga bita “ikimenyetso cy’igitoki.” Ariko rero, ibi bikorwa gusa iyo umurwayi atekanye kandi ashobora kuryama hasi neza.

Ibizamini by’amaraso bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwoko bw’ubwandu butera ubwandu kandi harebwe ibimenyetso by’ubwandu bukomeye. Ibi bizamini bifasha mu guhitamo imiti yo kurwanya udukoko no gukurikirana uko ubuzima bwawe buhagaze muri rusange.

Ubuvuzi bwa Epiglottitis ni bwoki?

Kuvura indwara y’igituntu cy’umwijima bigamije ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi: gucunga inzira y’ubuhumekero kugira ngo umenye guhumeka neza no kurwanya ubwandu hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bw’ibyorezo. Ibi bihora bikorwa mu bitaro, hagakorwa isuzuma rihoraho.

Ikintu cya mbere gikomeye ni ugucunga inzira y’ubuhumekero. Niba guhumeka bigoye cyane, abaganga bashobora gukenera gushyiramo umuyoboro wo guhumeka mu kanwa kawe cyangwa bagakora igikorwa cyo kubaga umuyoboro wo guhumeka, bikaba byakora umwanya w’igihe gito mu ijosi ryawe kugira ngo uhumeke.

Kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bw’ibyorezo bisanzwe bikubiyemo imiti iterwa mu mitsi ishobora kurwanya neza bagiteri zisanzwe ziterwa indwara y’igituntu cy’umwijima. Ubwoko bwa antibiyotike buzaba bukoreshwa biterwa n’uburyo bagiteri zirwanya imiti mu karere, n’imiterere y’ubuzima bwawe.

Ubufasha burimo:

• Guhabwa ogisijeni kugira ngo bifashe mu guhumeka
• Amazi atangwa mu mitsi kugira ngo wirinde kukama
• Imiti igabanya ububabare n’imiti igabanya umuriro
• Corticosteroids kugira ngo bigabanye kubyimba
• Umuhumekero ufite ubushuhe kugira ngo ufashe imyanya y’ubuhumekero yabareye

Abantu benshi batangira kumva barushaho kumererwa neza mu masaha 24 kugeza kuri 48 nyuma yo gutangira kuvurwa neza. Ariko kandi, igihe cyo kurwarira mu bitaro gisanzwe kiba iminsi mike kugira ngo habeho kugenzura neza ko ubwandu buhagaze neza kandi guhumeka bikomeza kugenda neza.

Nigute wakwita ku buzima bwawe iwawe mugihe ukomeje gukira indwara y’igituntu cy’umwijima?

Kwita ku buzima bwawe iwawe nyuma yo kurwara igituntu cy’umwijima bitangira gusa nyuma yo kuvurwa mu bitaro kandi muganga akaba yemeje ko ari byiza ko ugaruka mu rugo. Gukira bikomeza iminsi myinshi cyangwa ibyumweru nyuma yo kuva mu bitaro.

Mu gihe ukomeje gukira iwawe, ni ingenzi kurangiza umuti wose wa antibiyotike, nubwo waba wumva umeze neza. Guhagarika imiti vuba bishobora gutuma ubwandu bugaruka cyangwa bikaba byatera ubudahangarwa bw’imiti.

Kugira ngo ufashe mu gukira kwawe:

• Ruhukira uhagije kugira ngo umubiri wawe urwanye ubwandu
• Nibaza ibinyobwa bishyushye nka sosiye cyangwa icyayi gifite ubuki
• Koresha umwuka wongerera ubuhehere mu kirere kugira ngo uturemangingo tw’umunwa dukomeze kuba tumeze neza
• Fata imiti igabanya ububabare nk’uko muganga wawe yabiguhaye
• Irinde itabi n’umwotsi w’itabi rwose

Kora isuzuma ry’ibimenyetso byagarutse nko kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima, ibibazo byo guhumeka, cyangwa umuriro mwinshi. Hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya niba ibyo bimenyetso byongera kugaragara, kuko bishobora kugaragaza ko ubwandu bugaruka.

Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu mirimo isanzwe mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri, ariko kurikiza inama zihariye za muganga wawe ku gihe cyiza cyo gusubira ku kazi, imyitozo ngororamubiri, cyangwa indi mirimo isanzwe.

Wategura Gute Umuhango wawe wo Kubonana na Muganga?

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya epiglottitis, iki si ikibazo cyo kujya kubonana na muganga usanzwe. Ahubwo, ukeneye ubutabazi bwihuse bw’ubuvuzi mu bitaro.

Ariko rero, niba ukomeje kuvurwa cyangwa ufite impungenge ku byago bya epiglottitis, dore uko wakwitegura inama y’ubuvuzi:

Mbere y’umuhango wawe, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uburyo byahindutse. Bandika indwara, inkingo, cyangwa ibintu byose biherutse kubaho bishobora kuba bifitanye isano.

Tegura urutonde rw’imiti yose ufashe, harimo imiti igurwa mu maduka n’ibindi. Nanone, kora isuzuma ry’amateka yawe y’inkingo, cyane cyane inkingo za Hib na pneumococcal.

Tekereza ku bibazo ushaka kubaza, nko kumenya ibyago byawe, ingamba zo kwirinda, cyangwa ibimenyetso byakenera ubutabazi bwihuse bw’ubuvuzi mu gihe kizaza.

Epiglottitis Irashobora Kwibikwa Gute?

Kwibika kwa epiglottitis bishingiye ku gukingira no kwita ku isuku. Kugabanuka cyane kw’imibare y’abana barwaye epiglottitis bigaragaza uburyo ingamba zo kwirinda zifite akamaro.

Igikoresho cy’ingenzi cyo kwirinda ni ukwirinda kurwara indwara zose, ukoresheje inkingo. Urukingo rwa Hib rwaranduye hafi ya hose indwara ya Haemophilus influenzae yo mu bwoko bwa b nk’intandaro y’indwara y’umwenda w’umuhogo mu bana no mu bakuru.

Izindi nkingo zigomba gukoreshwa harimo:

• Urukingo rwa Pneumococcal rwo kwirinda indwara ziterwa na Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Urukingo rw’igicurane buri mwaka kugira ngo tugabanye indwara ziterwa na virusi zishobora gutera izindi ndwara ziterwa na bagiteri
• Urukingo rwa COVID-19 rwo kwirinda indwara z’ubuhumekero

Kwita ku isuku birashobora gufasha mu kwirinda ikwirakwira ry’ibinyabuzima byangiza n’ibiyobyabwenge bitera epiglottitis. Ibi birimo koga intoki kenshi, kwirinda kwegera abantu barwaye, no kudatanga ibikoresho byo kurya cyangwa ibinyobwa.

Niba ufite ibyago nk’indwara ya diyabete cyangwa ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke, korana n’abaganga bawe kugira ngo ubone uko ubu burwayi bwivurwa neza. Ibi birashobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura.

Ni iki gikuru cyo kuzirikana kuri Epiglottitis?

Epiglottitis ni indwara ikomeye ariko ivurwa, itera ubusembwa bw’umubiri, ikaba igira ingaruka ku gice gato cy’umubiri gikingira inzira y’ubuhumekero. Ikintu gikomeye cyo kuzirikana ni uko ibimenyetso bishobora kuza vuba kandi bikaba bisaba ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba.

Ntuzigere uretse ububabare bukabije mu muhogo, cyane cyane iyo bujyanye n’ikibazo cyo kugira ingorane zo kurya, ibibazo byo guhumeka, cyangwa umuriro mwinshi. Ibi bimenyetso bisaba kujya kwa muganga vuba, ntabwo ari ukugerageza gutegereza.

Inkuru nziza ni uko abantu benshi bakira neza epiglottitis, iyo bahawe ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba. Imiti ya kijyambere n’uburyo bwo kuvura inzira y’ubuhumekero byatumye iyi ndwara yahoraga itera ubwoba ivurwa neza iyo ibonewe hakiri kare.

Kwivuza inkingo bikomeje kuba intwaro ikomeye yo kwirinda epiglottitis. Komeza gukoresha inkingo zisabwa kandi ugume witwara neza kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara ikomeye.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa Kuri Epiglottitis

Q1: Hari aho uburwayi bwa epiglottitis bushobora kwitiranywa n’uburwayi bwa strep throat?

Yego, uburwayi bwa epiglottitis bushobora kubanza kwitiranywa n’uburwayi bwa strep throat kuko byombi biterwa no kubabara cyane mu mazuru no kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima. Ariko kandi, uburwayi bwa epiglottitis busanzwe butera ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka, gucika amavangingo, n’ijwi ridafatika. Uburyo bwihuse bw’ibimenyetso n’ubukomeye bwabyo bifasha gutandukanya uburwayi bwa epiglottitis n’uburwayi bwa strep throat.

Q2: Ese uburwayi bwa epiglottitis burasambanya?

Uburwayi ubwo bwabwo bwa epiglottitis ntiburasambanya, ariko udukoko tubutera bushobora kwanduza umuntu undi binyuze mu mbeho. Ariko kandi, abantu benshi bahuye n’utu dukoko ntibabona uburwayi bwa epiglottitis. Iki kibazo gisaba guhura neza kw’udukoko n’ibintu by’umuntu bimugiraho ingaruka.

Q3: Ese abantu bakuru bashobora kurwara epiglottitis nubwo bakingiwe bakiri bato?

Yego, abantu bakuru baracyashobora kurwara epiglottitis nubwo bakingiwe bakiri bato. Nubwo urukingo rwa Hib rwagabanije cyane ibintu byatewe na Haemophilus influenzae type b, izindi mikorobe nka pneumococcus na streptococcus zigishobora gutera uburwayi bwa epiglottitis. Byongeye kandi, ubudahangarwa bw’urukingo bushobora kugabanuka uko igihe gihita, kandi abantu bakuru bose ntibigeze bakingirwa neza bakiri bato.

Q4: Ni igihe kingana iki gisabwa kugira ngo umuntu akire uburwayi bwa epiglottitis?

Abantu benshi batangira kumva barushaho kumererwa neza mu masaha 24 kugeza kuri 48 nyuma yo gutangira kuvurwa n’antibiyotike mu bitaro. Gukira burundu bisaba ibyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri, nubwo bamwe bashobora kumva bafite ububabare buke mu mazuru ibyumweru bike nyuma yaho. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukurangiza umuti wose wa antibiyotike no gukurikirana na muganga wawe nk’uko byategetswe.

Q5: Ese uburwayi bwa epiglottitis bushobora gusubira nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Epiglotite isubiramo ni gake ariko bishoboka, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima bibangamira ubudahangarwa bwabo. Abantu benshi bakira epiglotite ntibayisubiramo. Ariko kandi, kugira isuku nziza, gukurikirana inkingo, no gucunga ibibazo by’ubuzima biriho bishobora gufasha kwirinda ibyago by’igihe kizaza.