Epilepsi Ni Iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Epilepsi ni uburwayi bw'imitekerereze aho ubwonko bwawe bugira ibitotsi bisubiramo bitewe n'imirasire ya elegitoronike itunguranye. Tekereza nk'inkubi y'umuyaga w'amashanyarazi mu bwonko bwawe buhagarika by'agateganyo imikorere isanzwe. Nubwo ibi bishobora gutera ubwoba, epilepsi ishobora guhangana neza kuri benshi bafite ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubuvuzi.

Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 50 ku isi baba bafite epilepsi, bigatuma iba imwe mu ndwara z'imitekerereze zikunze kugaragara. Inkuru nziza ni uko ubuvuzi bw'ubu, abantu bagera kuri 70% bafite epilepsi bashobora kubana n'ubuzima butagira ibitotsi.

Epilepsi Ni Iki?

Epilepsi imenyekana iyo umuntu agize ibitotsi bibiri cyangwa birenga bitatewe n'ikintu runaka, biba byabaye nyuma y'amasaha 24. Igitotsi kibaho iyo uturemangingo tw'ubwonko mu bwonko bwawe butanga ubutumwa bwa elegitoronike bwihuse cyane kandi butagira umuteguro ugereranije n'ubusanzwe.

Ubusanzwe ubwonko bwawe butanga ubutumwa bwa elegitoronike mu buryo buteguye kugira ngo bugengure byose kuva ku mikorere kugeza ku bitekerezo. Mu gihe cy'igitotsi, uyu muteguro usanzwe uhungabana, bigatera impinduka by'agateganyo mu myitwarire, mu mikorere, mu byiyumvo, cyangwa mu bwenge.

Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko kugira igitotsi kimwe ntibivuze ko ufite epilepsi. Abantu benshi bagira igitotsi kimwe bitewe na firi, isukari yo mu maraso iri hasi, cyangwa izindi ndwara z'agateganyo kandi ntibagire ikindi.

Ibimenyetso bya Epilepsi Ni Ibihe?

Ibimenyetso by'igitotsi bishobora gutandukana cyane uhereye ku muntu umwe ku wundi, kandi ushobora gutangazwa no kumenya ko atari ibitotsi byose birimo ibyo guhindagurika bikunze kugaragara muri filime. Reka turebe uburyo butandukanye ibitotsi bishobora kugaragara.

Ibitotsi rusange bigira ingaruka ku mpande zombi z'ubwonko bwawe kandi birimo:

• Ibitotsi bya toni-clonique (byahoze bitwa grand mal) - birimo gukomera no guhindagurika, kubura ubwenge, kandi bishobora kumara iminota 1-3
• Ibitotsi byo kubura ubwenge - ibihe bigufi aho uba ureba ubusa kandi usa n'utabona, bisanzwe bimara amasegonda 10-30
• Ibitotsi bya myoclonique - guhindagurika kw'imikaya, bishobora kugaragara nk'aho uri gukubitwa
• Ibitotsi bya atonique - kubura imbaraga z'imikaya bigutera kugwa
• Ibitotsi bya toni - gukomera kw'imikaya bishobora gutera kugwa inyuma

Ibitotsi byo mu gice kimwe bitangira mu gice kimwe cy'ubwonko bwawe kandi bishobora kuba:

• Ibitotsi byoroshye byo mu gice kimwe - uba uzi icyo ukora ariko ushobora kugira ibyiyumvo bidasanzwe, impumuro, uburyohe, cyangwa ibyiyumvo
• Ibitotsi bikomeye byo mu gice kimwe - ubwenge bwawe buhinduka kandi ushobora gukora imikorere isubiramo nk'ugukubita iminwa cyangwa gukorakora intoki

Bamwe mu bantu bagira ibimenyetso by'uburyohe bita auras mbere y'uko igitotsi gitangira. Ibi bishobora kuba impumuro idasanzwe, ibyiyumvo bya déjà vu, ubwoba, cyangwa ibyiyumvo byo gukora.

Ubwoko bwa Epilepsi Ni Buhe?

Epilepsi irangwa n'aho ibitotsi bitangirira mu bwonko bwawe n'icyo bibatera. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwawe bw'umwihariko bifasha muganga wawe guhitamo uburyo bw'ubuvuzi bukoreshwa neza.

Epilepsi yo mu gice kimwe igize hafi 60% by'ibintu byose. Ibitotsi bitangira mu gice kimwe cy'ubwonko bwawe, nubwo rimwe na rimwe bishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice. Ibimenyetso biterwa n'igice cy'ubwonko cyagizweho ingaruka.

Epilepsi rusange irimo ibitotsi bigira ingaruka ku mpande zombi z'ubwonko kuva itangira. Ubu bwoko busanzwe bufite ibintu by'umurage kandi busanzwe butangira mu bwana cyangwa mu gihe cy'ubwangavu.

Epilepsi ihuriweho n'iy'ahantu hamwe n'iy'ahantu hose ni nke ariko irimo ubwoko bwombi bw'ibitotsi mu muntu umwe. Ibi bishobora gutera ubuvuzi bugorana ariko biracyoroshye cyane.

Impamvu za Epilepsi Ni Izihe?

Kuri hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bafite epilepsi, abaganga ntibashobora kumenya impamvu runaka, kandi ibi bita epilepsi idafite impamvu cyangwa epilepsi y'ibanga. Ariko, iyo impamvu ishobora kumenyekana, isanzwe iba mu byiciro bitandukanye.

Ibintu by'umurage bigira uruhare mu bintu byinshi. Ubwoko bumwe bwa epilepsi burakomoka mu miryango, nubwo kugira umubyeyi ufite epilepsi byongera gusa gato ibyago byawe. Abana benshi b'ababyeyi bafite epilepsi ntibabona iyo ndwara.

Imvune z'ubwonko n'impinduka z'imiterere zishobora gutera epilepsi, harimo:

• Imvune z'umutwe ziterwa n'impanuka cyangwa imikino
• Igitotsi cyangwa ibibazo by'imitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko
• Uburibwe bw'ubwonko, haba ubwo butera uburwayi cyangwa ubutatera
• Indwara z'ubwonko nka meningitis cyangwa encephalitis
• Ibibazo by'ubwonko byatewe n'iterambere kuva ku ivuka

Indwara z'imisemburo n'indwara z'umubiri zishobora kandi kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'igitotsi. Ibi birimo isukari yo mu maraso iri hasi cyane, ikibazo cy'impyiko cyangwa umwijima, n'indwara z'umubiri zifata ubwonko.

Mu bintu bike, epilepsi ishobora kuvuka kubera indwara z'ubwonko zikomeza cyangwa indwara z'imisemburo z'umurage zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko uko igihe gihita.

Ni Ryari Ukwiye Kubona Muganga kubera Epilepsi?

Ugomba gushaka ubuvuzi bwihuse niba ufite igitotsi cyawe cya mbere cyangwa ukaba ubona umuntu agize igitotsi. Nubwo igitotsi cyahagarara ubwacyo, ni ngombwa gusuzuma impamvu niba ubuvuzi bukenewe.

Hamagara serivisi z'ubutabazi (911) niba igitotsi kimara iminota irenga 5, niba umuntu agize ibitotsi byinshi atabashije gusubira mu bwenge, niba akomeretse mu gihe cy'igitotsi, cyangwa niba agira ikibazo cyo guhumeka nyuma.

Tegura gahunda yo kubona muganga wawe niba ufite ibibazo byo kureba ubusa, guhindagurika kw'imikaya, kugwa gitunguranye, cyangwa impinduka zitazwi mu bwenge cyangwa imyitwarire bishobora kuba ibitotsi.

Niba umaze kugira epilepsi, hamagara umuganga wawe niba ibitotsi byawe bihinduka, bikaba byinshi, cyangwa niba imiti yawe itera ingaruka ziteye impungenge.

Ibyago byo Kurwara Epilepsi Ni Ibihe?

Nubwo epilepsi ishobora kuvuka mu myaka yose, ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara iyo ndwara. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha kugirana ibiganiro byuzuye n'umuganga wawe.

Ibintu bijyanye n'imyaka bigaragaza ko epilepsi isanzwe itangira mu bwana cyangwa nyuma y'imyaka 60. Mu bana, isanzwe ifitanye isano n'ibintu by'umurage cyangwa ibibazo by'iterambere, mu bantu bakuze, isanzwe ifitanye isano n'igitotsi cyangwa ibindi bihinduka mu bwonko.

Amateka y'umuryango agira uruhare, nubwo ari ngombwa kumenya ko abantu benshi bafite amateka y'umuryango wa epilepsi batayirwara. Ibyago ni byinshi niba umubyeyi afite ubwoko bumwe bw'epilepsi bukomoka mu mura.

Indwara zishobora kongera ibyago bya epilepsi harimo:

• Imvune z'umutwe mbere, cyane cyane izikomeye
• Igitotsi cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'imitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko
• Indwara z'ubwonko cyangwa umuriro mwinshi mu bwana
• Ubwoko bumwe bw'indwara zikomoka mu mura
• Indwara zo mu bwoko bwa autism
• Indwara ya Alzheimer n'izindi ndwara zo mu bwonko

Kugira ibyo byago ntibivuze ko uzabona epilepsi. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago byinshi ntibagira ibitotsi.

Ingaruka zishoboka za Epilepsi Ni Izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bafite epilepsi babaho ubuzima buuzuye, busanzwe, ni ngombwa kumenya ingaruka zishoboka kugira ngo ubashe gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago no gushaka ubufasha igihe bikenewe.

Imvune mu gihe cy'igitotsi ni ikibazo nyamukuru. Kugwa, gutwikwa, cyangwa kurohama bishobora kubaho niba ibitotsi biba mu bihe bibi. Ariko, ushobora kugabanya cyane ibyo byago ufite ingamba zikwiye no gucunga ibitotsi.

Status epilepticus ni uburwayi buke ariko bukomeye aho igitotsi kimara iminota irenga 30 cyangwa ibitotsi bikurikirana bitagira akaruhuko. Ibi bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse bw'ubutabazi ariko bigira ingaruka ku bantu bake cyane bafite epilepsi.

Ibibazo byo mu mutwe bishobora kuvuka, harimo kwiheba no guhangayika. Ibi ntibitangaje ukurikije umunaniro wo kubana n'uburwayi buhoraho, ariko ubuvuzi bukoreshwa neza buhari haba kuri epilepsi n'ibibazo byo mu mutwe bifitanye isano.

Ingaruka nke ariko zikomeye harimo:

• SUDEP (Urupfu rutunguranye rutateganijwe muri Epilepsi) - nke cyane ariko bishoboka cyane niba ibitotsi bitagenzurwa
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka no gutekereza, bisanzwe ari bike kandi bikunze kuba bifitanye isano n'ingaruka z'imiti
• Ibibazo by'imibanire n'uburezi bishobora gukemurwa hakoreshejwe ubufasha bukwiye

Ubutumwa nyamukuru hano ni uko gucunga neza ibitotsi bigabanya cyane ibyago by'ingaruka. Abantu benshi bafite epilepsi igenzurwa neza bafite imipaka mike cyane.

Epilepsi Ishobora Gukumirwa Gute?

Nubwo udashobora gukumira ubwoko bwose bwa epilepsi, cyane cyane ubwo bufite impamvu zikomoka mu mura, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara epilepsi biturutse ku mpamvu zishobora gukumirwa.

Gukumira imvune z'umutwe ni imwe mu ntambwe z'ingenzi ushobora gufata. Buri gihe wambare ibikoresho byo kwirinda mu mikino, koresha umukandara w'umutekano n'ingofero, kandi uhindure inzu yawe ikaba itekanye uvanaho ibintu bishobora gutera kugwa.

Guhangana n'izindi ndwara neza bishobora kandi gufasha. Ibi birimo kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso kugira ngo wirinde ibitotsi, kuvura indwara vuba, no gucunga diyabete kugira ngo wirinde impinduka zikomeye z'isukari yo mu maraso.

Mu gihe cyo gutwita, gufata imiti ya folic acid no kwirinda inzoga n'ibiyobyabwenge bishobora gufasha gukumira ibibazo by'ubwonko by'iterambere bishobora gutera epilepsi mu bana.

Ku bantu bamaze kuvurwa epilepsi, gukumira ibitotsi byongeyeho binyuze mu gucunga imiti neza no guhitamo ubuzima bwiza ni ingenzi ku buzima bw'ubwonko mu gihe kirekire.

Epilepsi Imenyekanwa Gute?

Kumenya epilepsi bisaba isuzuma rirambuye kuko nta kizami kimwe gishobora kwemeza iyo ndwara. Muganga wawe azatangira abanza gusobanukirwa neza icyabaye mu gihe cy'ibitotsi byawe.

Amateka y'ubuvuzi n'ibisobanuro by'igitotsi bigira uruhare mu kumenya indwara. Muganga wawe azakubaza igihe, impamvu, n'ibintu byihariye by'ibitotsi byawe. Kugira umuntu wabonye icyo kibaye akubwira icyo yabonye bishobora gufasha cyane.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) ni ikizamini cy'ingenzi kuri epilepsi. Ubu buryo budatera ububabare bwanditse ibikorwa bya elegitoronike mu bwonko bwawe ukoresheje electrode zishyirwa ku mutwe wawe. Rimwe na rimwe ushobora gukenera gukurikiranwa igihe kirekire cyangwa EEG idafite ibitotsi kugira ngo ubone ibimenyetso bidakwiye by'ubwonko.

Ibizami byo kureba ubwonko bifasha kumenya impamvu z'imiterere:

• Ibizami bya MRI bitanga amashusho arambuye y'imiterere y'ubwonko
• Ibizami bya CT bishobora kumenya vuba amaraso, uburibwe, cyangwa ibindi bibazo byagaragaye
• Ibizami bya PET cyangwa SPECT bishobora gukoreshwa mu bintu bigoye kugira ngo bigaragaze imikorere y'ubwonko

Ibizami by'amaraso bireba indwara, ibibazo by'umurage, cyangwa ibibazo by'imisemburo bishobora gutera ibitotsi. Ibi bizami bifasha gukuraho izindi ndwara zishobora kugaragara nk'epilepsi.

Kumenya neza indwara bishobora gutwara igihe, kandi ushobora gukenera ibizami byinshi cyangwa inama n'inzobere. Ubu buryo burambuye buzatuma uhabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ubuvuzi bwa Epilepsi Ni Buhe?

Intego y'ubuvuzi bwa epilepsi ni uguhagarika ibitotsi burundu hakoreshejwe ingaruka nke, kandi ibi bishoboka ku bantu benshi. Ubuvuzi busanzwe butangira hakoreshejwe imiti yo kurwanya ibitotsi, ariko hari uburyo butandukanye buhari niba imiti idakora neza.

Imiti yo kurwanya ibitotsi ni ubuvuzi bwa mbere kandi ikora neza ku bantu bagera kuri 70%. Muganga wawe azahitamo imiti ishingiye ku bwoko bw'igitotsi cyawe, imyaka, izindi ndwara, n'ingaruka zishoboka. Kubona imiti ikwiye n'umwanya bishobora gutwara igihe n'impinduka.

Imiti isanzwe yo kurwanya ibitotsi irimo:

• Phenytoin, carbamazepine, na valproic acid (imiti ishaje ifite ingaruka zizwi)
• Levetiracetam, lamotrigine, na topiramate (uburyo bushya busanzwe bufite ingaruka nke)
• Imiti yihariye ku bwoko bw'ibitotsi cyangwa indwara za epilepsi

Uburyo bwo kubaga bushobora kugenzurwa niba imiti idacunga ibitotsi kandi ibitotsi bigira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe. Kubaga bikora neza iyo ibitotsi bitangirira mu gice kimwe cy'ubwonko gishobora gukurwaho.

Ubuvuzi bw'andi buryo kuri epilepsi idakira hakoreshejwe imiti harimo:

• Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) - igikoresho gitanga amashanyarazi mu bwonko
• Ketogenic diet - indyo idasanzwe ifite amavuta menshi, isukari nke ishobora kugabanya ibitotsi
• Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) - igikoresho gishyirwa mu bwonko gishobora kubona no guhagarika ibitotsi

Abantu benshi babona uburyo bw'ubuvuzi bukoreshwa neza, nubwo bishobora gusaba kwihangana no gukorana n'itsinda ry'ubuvuzi kugira ngo umenye icyakubereye.

Uko Wakwitwara mu Rugo mu Gihe ufite Epilepsi

Guhangana na epilepsi mu rugo birimo ibintu byinshi uretse gufata imiti, nubwo gukurikiza imiti ari ingenzi cyane mu gucunga ibitotsi. Kurema ibidukikije byo mu rugo bishigikira bishobora kunoza cyane imibereho yawe.

Gucunga imiti ni inshingano yawe ya buri munsi. Fata imiti mu masaha amwe buri munsi, koresha ibikoresho byo kubika imiti kugira ngo wirinde kubura imiti, kandi ntuzigera uhagarika imiti vuba udahawe uruhushya n'umuganga. Kora ibitabo by'ibitotsi kugira ngo ukureho ibitotsi byabaye kandi impamvu zishoboka.

Guhindura imibereho bishobora gufasha kugabanya kenshi kw'ibitotsi:

• Komeza gahunda yo kuryama neza kandi uruhuke bihagije
• Gamagaga inzoga kandi wirinda ibiyobyabwenge
• Genzura umunaniro binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka cyangwa inama
• Kora siporo buri gihe, ariko wirinde ibikorwa bishobora gutera imvune niba ugize igitotsi
• Komeza wisukure kandi ugire isukari yo mu maraso ihoraho

Ingamba zo kwirinda mu rugo rwawe zishobora gukumira imvune. Tekereza ku ntebe zo koga aho koga, koresha ibikoresho byo kurinda ku bintu bya meublay byakomeretsa, kandi wirinda guteka wenyine niba ufite ibitotsi byinshi.

Gutegura ubutabazi bivuze kugira gahunda yo guhangana n'igitotsi abagize umuryango basobanukiwe. Ibi bikwiye kuba harimo igihe cyo guhamagara serivisi z'ubutabazi, uko wakwirinda mu gihe cy'igitotsi, n'amakuru y'ubuvuzi y'abamufasha.

Wibuke ko kwita ku buzima bwawe si ukwirinda ibitotsi gusa - ni ukwita ku buzima bwawe muri rusange n'imibereho yawe mu gihe ufite epilepsi.

Uko Wakwitegura Kugira Inama n'Umuganga

Kwitwara neza mbere yo kubona muganga bishobora gufasha muganga wawe gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza kandi buzatuma ubasha kubona ibisubizo by'ibibazo byawe byose. Gutegura gato bigira uruhare mu gutuma ibyo bisura bigira umusaruro.

Komeza inyandiko zirambuye mbere yo gusura. Andika igihe ibitotsi biba, icyo wakoraga mbere, igihe byamaze, n'uko wumvaga nyuma. Niba hari umuntu wabonye igitotsi cyawe, musabe kwandika icyo yabonye.

Amakuru y'imiti agomba kuba yuzuye. Zana imiti yawe yose, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n'ibindi. Andika ingaruka zose wabonye niba wabuze imiti vuba.

Tegura ibibazo byawe mbere y'igihe kandi ubyandike. Ushobora kwibaza kuri:

• Niba gahunda yawe y'ubuvuzi ikora neza
• Ibimenyetso bishya cyangwa ibibazo wabonye
• Ibikorwa ugomba kwirinda n'ibyo ushobora gukora
• Ibyerekeye kubaho mu gihe kirekire n'ibijyanye no kubyara
• Igihe cyo gushaka ubutabazi bwihuse

Zana ubufasha niba bishoboka. Kugira umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti mu gihe cy'inama bishobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi no gutanga ibindi bisobanuro ku ndwara yawe.

Ntugatinye gusaba ibisobanuro niba utumva ikintu. Muganga wawe ashaka ko uzi neza ibyerekeye indwara yawe n'uburyo bwo kuvurwa.

Icyo Ugomba Kumenya cy'ingenzi kuri Epilepsi

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo gusobanukirwa kuri epilepsi ni uko ari uburwayi bukavurwa neza budakwiye kumenya cyangwa kugabanya ubuzima bwawe. Ufite ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi bafite epilepsi bashobora kugera ku gucunga neza ibitotsi kandi bakabaho ubuzima busanzwe.

Ubuvuzi bw'epilepsi bwateye imbere cyane, hari imiti myinshi n'uburyo bwo kuvura buhari iyo uburyo bwa mbere budahagije. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ugukorana n'itsinda ryawe ry'ubuvuzi no kwihangana mu gihe ushaka uburyo bw'ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Nubwo epilepsi isaba gucungwa buri gihe, abantu benshi ku isi babaho neza bafite iyo ndwara. Bakora, barera imiryango, bakora ibikorwa byabo, kandi bagera ku ntego zabo nk'abandi bose.

Wibuke ko kugira epilepsi ntibikugira umuntu udakomeye cyangwa udashoboye. Ufite gucunga neza ibitotsi, ingamba zikwiye, n'ubufasha bukomeye, ushobora kwizera ubuzima ushaka kubamo.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Epilepsi

Abantu bafite epilepsi bashobora gutwara imodoka?

Yego, abantu benshi bafite epilepsi bashobora gutwara imodoka, ariko amategeko atandukanye bitewe n'aho uri. Ahenshi usabwa kuba utarwara ibitotsi mu gihe runaka (akenshi amezi 6-12) mbere y'uko wemerewe gutwara. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa amategeko aho uri kandi akamenya igihe ari byiza ko wongera gutwara.

Epilepsi irakomoka mu muryango?

Ubwoko bumwe bwa epilepsi bufite ibintu by'umurage, ariko abana benshi b'ababyeyi bafite epilepsi ntibabona iyo ndwara. Niba ufite epilepsi, ibyago by'umwana wawe ni byinshi gato ugereranije n'ibyago by'abantu bose. Inama y'umurage ishobora gutanga amakuru arambuye ku mimerere yawe.

Umunaniro ushobora gutera ibitotsi?

Umunaniro ushobora kuba impamvu y'igitotsi kuri bamwe, nubwo atari yo mpamvu ya epilepsi ubwayo. Guhangana n'umunaniro binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka, kuryama bihagije, gukora siporo buri gihe, n'inama igihe bikenewe bishobora gufasha kugabanya kenshi kw'ibitotsi kuri abo bafite ikibazo cy'umunaniro.

Ndagomba gukora iki niba mbona umuntu agize igitotsi?

Komeza utuje kandi urinde umuntu. Himura ibintu byangiza, komeza umutwe we niba bishoboka, kandi upime igihe cy'igitotsi. Ntujyane ikintu mu kanwa cyangwa ugerageze kumufata. Hamagara serivisi z'ubutabazi niba igitotsi kimara iminota irenga 5, niba akomeretse, cyangwa niba ari igitotsi cya mbere azize.

Nzagomba gufata imiti ubuzima bwanjye bwose?

Oya. Bamwe mu bantu, cyane cyane abana bafite ubwoko bumwe bwa epilepsi, bashobora kuzarwara iyo ndwara. Abandi bashobora guhagarika imiti nyuma yo kuba batarwara ibitotsi mu myaka myinshi. Ariko, abantu benshi bafata imiti igihe kirekire, kandi ibi birakorwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bw'ubu bufite ingaruka nke.