Ese ni Esthesioneuroblastoma? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Esthesioneuroblastoma ni ubwoko bwa kanseri bwo mu mazuru, cyane cyane mu gice cyo hejuru aho impumuro itangirira. Iyi kibyimba gikura mu mubiri w'imikaya y'amahumo ifasha kubona impumuro.

Nubwo izina rishobora gutera ubwoba, kumva iyi ndwara bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso bishoboka no kumenya igihe ukwiye gushaka ubuvuzi. Iyi kanseri irashisha abantu bake cyane, bigera kuri umuntu umwe kuri miliyoni buri mwaka, bituma idakunze kugaragara. Inkuru nziza ni uko, hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, abantu benshi bafite iyi ndwara bashobora kugira ibyiza.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya esthesioneuroblastoma?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya esthesioneuroblastoma bikunze kumera nk'ibibazo bisanzwe by'amazuru, ariyo mpamvu iyi kanseri ishobora kuba igoranye kubona mu ntangiriro. Ushobora kubona impinduka zisa nkaho ari imbeho idashira cyangwa indwara y'amazuru itakira.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira:

• Gutakaza impumuro (anosmia) bidakira uko iminsi igenda
• Amazuru afunze ku ruhande rumwe adashira
• Kuva amaraso mu mazuru kenshi cyangwa nta mpamvu igaragara
• Amazuru ava amazi meza cyangwa amaraso
• Kubabara mu maso cyangwa mu mazuru n'amaso
• Umutwe ubabara kenshi cyangwa bikabije
• Impinduka mu maso cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri

Uko kibyimba gikura, ushobora kubona ibimenyetso bikaze. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo kwishima kw'ijisho rimwe, impinduka mu kunanura, cyangwa kubabara mu maso. Bamwe bagira kandi ikibazo cyo kwishima mu mazuru kidakira n'ubuvuzi busanzwe bw'amazuru.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, niba kanseri ikwirakwira mu tundi turere, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso nko kugira ikibazo cyo kwishima, impinduka mu ijwi, cyangwa kubyimba kwa lymph nodes mu ijosi. Ibi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara gusa mu cyiciro cyateye imbere cy'iyi ndwara.

Ese ni iki gatera esthesioneuroblastoma?

Intandaro nyayo ya esthesioneuroblastoma ntiramenyekana neza. Bitandukanye na kanseri zimwe na zimwe zifite ibintu byongera ibyago, iyi kibyimba cyihariye kigaragara ko gikura nta bintu bituma tubona.

Abahanga mu bya siyansi bemeza ko iyi kanseri itangira iyo utunyangingo two mu mubiri w'amahumo (umubiri ushinzwe impumuro) dutangira gukura nabi. Utunyangingo dusanzwe dufite inshingano yo kubona impumuro no kohereza amakuru mu bwonko, ariko hari ikintu kibatera kwiyongera mu buryo butagengwa.

Bamwe mu bahanga mu bya siyansi barasuzumye niba kuba mu bihumanya bimwe na bimwe cyangwa ibintu byo mu kirere bishobora kugira uruhare. Ariko, nta munzani igaragara yagaragaye. Ibi bivuze ko kugira esthesioneuroblastoma si ikintu washoboraga kwirinda binyuze mu mibereho cyangwa kwirinda ibintu bimwe na bimwe.

Kubura kenshi kw'iyi kanseri bituma bigorana kuyiga intandaro yayo mu buryo burambuye. Ibyinshi mu bihe bigaragara ko ari ibyo kwigenga, bisobanura ko bibaho mu buryo butunguranye aho kuba mu miryango cyangwa bifitanye isano n'impinduka z'imiterere y'umuntu.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubimenyetso bya esthesioneuroblastoma?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso by'amazuru bidashira bidakira n'ubuvuzi busanzwe cyangwa igihe. Jya witondera cyane ibimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku ruhande rumwe rw'amazuru yawe cyangwa mu maso.

By'umwihariko, shaka ubufasha bw'abaganga niba ufite:

• Gutakaza impumuro rwose igihe kirekire cyane
• Kuva amaraso mu mazuru kenshi nta mpamvu igaragara
• Amazuru afunze ku ruhande rumwe adashira
• Kubabara mu maso bidakira n'imiti yo kwivuza
• Impinduka mu maso cyangwa aho ijisho riri
• Umutwe ubabara cyane cyangwa kenshi

Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bikunze guterwa n'ibindi bibazo bitakabije nka kanseri z'amazuru cyangwa allergie, ni ingenzi kubisuzuma niba bidashira. Kubona hakiri kare ibibazo byose by'amazuru, harimo na kanseri zidafite, bikunze gutuma ubuvuzi bugira umusaruro.

Gira icyizere icyo umubiri wawe ukubwira. Niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe cyangwa kibi, cyane cyane niba ibimenyetso bidakira n'ubuvuzi busanzwe, bihora bikwiye gushaka ubuvuzi kugira ngo umenye amahoro.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya esthesioneuroblastoma?

Bitandukanye na kanseri nyinshi, esthesioneuroblastoma ntabintu byongera ibyago byayo bizwi neza. Ibi bishobora gutera impungenge, ariko bivuze kandi ko nta kintu washoboraga gukora kugira ngo ubikumire.

Imyaka igaragara nk'ikintu kimwe gisa n'ikimenyetso, aho ibyinshi mu bihe bibaho mu bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 40 na 70. Ariko, iyi kanseri ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu b'imyaka yose, harimo abana n'urubyiruko, nubwo bitakunda.

Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko abagabo bashobora kuba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi kanseri kuruta abagore, ariko itandukaniro ni rito. Aho umuntu atuye, umwuga, n'imibereho ntibigaragara ko bigira ingaruka ku byago.

Kugira amateka y'ibibyimba by'amazuru, indwara z'amazuru zidakira, cyangwa ibindi bibazo by'amazuru ntibyongera ibyago byo kurwara esthesioneuroblastoma. Ibi ni ibibazo bitandukanye bifite intandaro zitandukanye.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya esthesioneuroblastoma?

Kumva ibibazo bishoboka bishobora kugufasha kumenya icyo ukwiye kwitondera impamvu ubuvuzi bwihuse ari ingenzi. Ahantu iyi kibyimba kiri hafi y'ibice by'ingenzi mu mutwe bituma kuvura hakiri kare ari ingenzi.

Ibibazo byo mu gace bimwe bishobora kubaho iyo kibyimba gikura kikagira ingaruka ku bice byegereye:

• Gutakaza impumuro burundu niba imikaya y'amahumo yangiritse
• Ibibazo by'amaso niba kibyimba kigera ku maso
• Kubabara mu maso cyangwa kubabara kubera imikaya
• Indwara z'amazuru zidakira kubera amazi adashobora kuva
• Impinduka mu kunanura, bifitanye isano n'impumuro

Ibibazo bikomeye bishobora kubaho niba kanseri ikwirakwira mu tundi turere. Iki kibyimba gishobora kwinjira mu bwonko, nubwo bitakunda iyo hakiri kare ubuvuzi.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, esthesioneuroblastoma ishobora gukwirakwira mu bice bya kure by'umubiri, harimo lymph nodes, ibihaha, cyangwa amagufwa. Ibi bikunze kubaho gusa mu bihe byateye imbere cyangwa iyo kanseri idasuzumwa igihe kirekire.

Inkuru nziza ni uko, hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye, ibibazo byinshi muri ibi bishobora kwirindwa cyangwa bigacungwa neza. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazakora kugira ngo bagabanye ibyago mu gihe bavura kanseri.

Ese esthesioneuroblastoma imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya esthesioneuroblastoma bisaba intambwe nyinshi kuko ibimenyetso byayo bishobora kumera nk'ibindi bibazo bisanzwe. Muganga wawe azatangira asuzumye amazuru yawe n'amazuru kugira ngo arebe niba hari ibintu bidasanzwe cyangwa impinduka.

Uburyo bwo kuvura busanzwe burimo ibizamini byo kubona ishusho kugira ngo tubone neza icyabaye mu mazuru yawe. CT scan ishobora kwerekana ubunini n'aho ibintu biri, mu gihe MRI itanga amashusho arambuye y'imikaya kandi ishobora gufasha kumenya niba kibyimba kimaze gukwirakwira mu tundi turere.

Muganga wawe ashobora gukora endoscopie y'amazuru, irimo gushyiramo umuyoboro muto, woroshye ufite kamera mu mazuru yawe. Ibi bimufasha kubona kibyimba neza no gufata igice cy'umubiri (biopsy) kugira ngo gisuzumwe muri mikoroskopi.

Biopsy ni ingenzi mu kwemeza uburwayi. Umuganga usuzumana mikoroskopi azasuzumana igice cy'umubiri kugira ngo amenye ubwoko bw'utunyangingo kandi yemeze niba ari kanseri. Rimwe na rimwe ibindi bizamini ku gice cy'umubiri bifasha kumenya ubwoko bwa esthesioneuroblastoma.

Iyo uburwayi bwemejwe, itsinda ry'abaganga rishobora kugusaba ibindi bizamini kugira ngo barebe niba kanseri imaze gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe. Ubu buryo bwo gusuzuma bufasha kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ukurikije uko uhagaze.

Ese ubuvuzi bwa esthesioneuroblastoma bukorwa gute?

Ubuvuzi bwa esthesioneuroblastoma busanzwe burimo uburyo butandukanye bwo gukuraho kibyimba no kuburizamo gusubira. Igikorwa cyo kuvura cyihariye kigendera ku bunini n'aho kibyimba kiri, ndetse niba cyakwiriye.

Kubaga ni bwo buvuzi bwa mbere bw'iyi kanseri. Umuganga wawe azakora kugira ngo akureho kibyimba cyose mu gihe agumana umubiri mwiza n'imikorere.

Ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire ikoreshwa nyuma yo kubaga kugira ngo iharike utunyangingo tw'indwara dushobora kuba tutaragaragaye mu gihe cy'igihe cyo kubaga. Ubu buvuzi bukoresha imirasire ifite imbaraga nyinshi igana neza ku kibyimba kugira ngo tugabanye ibyangirika ku mubiri muzima.

Igikorwa cyo kuvura cyawe gishobora kandi kuba kirimo:

• Chemotherapy, cyane cyane kubibyimba binini cyangwa niba kanseri imaze gukwirakwira
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara
• Immunotherapy gufasha umubiri wawe kurwanya kanseri
• Serivisi zo kuvugurura kugira ngo zifashe mu mpinduka zose

Uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kuba buteye ubwoba, ariko itsinda ry'abaganga bazakuyobora muri buri ntambwe. Bazakubwira impamvu buri buvuzi butegetswe n'icyo utegereje muri uwo mukino.

Uko ugenzura ibimenyetso mu gihe cyo kuvura esthesioneuroblastoma

Kugira ibimenyetso n'ingaruka mbi mu gihe cyo kuvura bishobora kugufasha kumva utekanye kandi ukagumana ubuzima bwiza. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazakugira inama yihariye ishingiye ku buryo bwo kuvura n'ibyo ukeneye.

Kubura amazuru n'umuvuduko mu mazuru, gukaraba amazuru neza bishobora kugufasha kugumana amazuru yawe meza kandi adafunze. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba imiti yihariye yo mu mazuru cyangwa imiti yo kugabanya kubyimba no kubabara.

Niba ufite ikibazo cyo gutakaza impumuro, jya witondera umutekano w'ibiribwa kuko ushobora kutamenya ibiryo byangiritse kubera impumuro. Koresha amatariki y'ibiribwa neza kandi utekereze kurya n'abandi bashobora kugufasha kumenya ibibazo byose by'umutekano w'ibiribwa.

Dore bimwe mu bintu bishobora kugufasha kumva utekanye:

• Koresha humidifier kugira ngo umwuka ube mwiza, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kuryama
• Nywa amazi ahagije kugira ngo amazi yo mu mazuru abe meza
• Funga ibiryo bike, kenshi niba impinduka mu kunanura zigira ingaruka ku isesemi
• Ruhuka iyo unaniwe, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo kuvura
• Imikino yoroheje nk'uko muganga wawe abyemeje ishobora kugufasha kugumana imbaraga

Ntugate umwanya wo kuvugana n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe ku bimenyetso cyangwa impungenge. Bakunze guhindura uburyo bwo kuvura cyangwa bakaguha imiti y'inyongera kugira ngo ugume utekanye mu gihe cyo kuvura.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga

Kwitunganya gusura muganga bishobora kugufasha kugira igihe cyiza cyo kuvugana n'abaganga bawe. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uko byahindutse uko iminsi igenda.

Jya witondera ibintu byihariye ku bimenyetso byawe, nko kumenya niba bigira ingaruka ku ruhande rumwe cyangwa ubwombi bw'amazuru yawe, icyabibabaza cyangwa icyabinoza, n'ibimenyetso byose wabonye. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe kumva neza uko uhagaze.

Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose ukoresha ubu, harimo imiti yo kwivuza n'ibindi. Kandi, tegura isubiramo ry'ubuvuzi bwose wari waramaze kugerageza ku bimenyetso by'amazuru yawe n'uko byakugiriye akamaro.

Tegura kuzana umuryango wawe cyangwa inshuti yawe mu gihe cyo gusura. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe mu gihe cyo gusura no kugufasha mu gihe wumvise amakuru atari meza.

Andika ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe mbere. Ushobora kwifuza kumenya ibijyanye n'intambwe zikurikira, ibizamini bishobora kuba bikenewe, cyangwa icyo utegereje mu gihe cyo gusuzuma. Kugira ibi bibazo byanditse bizatuma utabyibagirwa mu gihe cyo gusura.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya kuri esthesioneuroblastoma

Esthesioneuroblastoma ni ubwoko bwa kanseri bwo mu mazuru buvurwa. Nubwo uburwayi bushobora gutera ubwoba, iterambere ry'uburyo bwo kubaga n'uburyo bwo kuvura byateje imbere ibyiza cyane kubantu bafite iyi ndwara.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko ibimenyetso by'amazuru bidashira bikwiye kuvurwa, cyane cyane niba bidakira n'ubuvuzi busanzwe cyangwa bigira ingaruka ku ruhande rumwe rw'amazuru yawe. Kubona hakiri kare no kuvura bikunze gutuma ibyiza.

Ntabwo uri wenyine muri uru rugendo. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe ririmo abahanga bamenye iyi ndwara kandi bafite ubunararibonye bwo kuyivura. Bazakorana nawe kugira ngo bategurire igikorwa cyo kuvura gikwiye uko uhagaze mu gihe bashyigikira imibereho yawe muri rusange.

Gukomeza guhuza n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe mu gihe cyose kandi ntugire ubwoba bwo kubabaza ibibazo cyangwa gutanga impungenge. Kumva uburwayi bwawe n'uburyo bwo kuvura bishobora kugufasha kumva utekanye kandi ufite ubushobozi mu gihe cy'iki gihe gikomeye.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri esthesioneuroblastoma

Q.1 Ese esthesioneuroblastoma irwaragwa mu miryango?

Oya, esthesioneuroblastoma ntabwo ikunda kurwaragwa mu miryango. Ibyinshi mu bihe bibaho mu buryo butunguranye nta mateka y'iyi ndwara mu muryango. Nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko iyi kanseri irwaragwa mu miryango cyangwa iterwa n'impinduka z'imiterere y'umuntu, bityo abagize umuryango wawe ntabwo bafite ibyago byinshi kubera uburwayi bwawe.

Q.2 Ese esthesioneuroblastoma ishobora gukira burundu?

Yego, abantu benshi bafite esthesioneuroblastoma barakira, cyane cyane iyo kanseri iboneka hakiri kare kandi ikavurwa vuba. Igipimo cyo gukira kigendera ku bintu nko bunini bw'ikibyimba, aho kiri, niba cyakwiriye. Hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura bugezweho buhuza kubaga n'ubuvuzi bwo kurasa imirasire, abarwayi benshi bagera ku kugaruka kw'ubuzima bwiza igihe kirekire.

Q.3 Ese nzahora ntakaza impumuro yanjye?

Gutakaza impumuro bishobora kuba by'igihe gito cyangwa igihe kirekire bitewe n'ubunini bw'ikibyimba n'ubuvuzi bukenewe. Bamwe bagaruka impumuro igice cyangwa byose nyuma yo kuvurwa, abandi bashobora kugira impinduka ziramba. Muganga wawe ashobora kukubwira ibyago byo kugaruka kw'impumuro ukurikije uko uhagaze n'igikorwa cyo kuvura.

Q.4 Ese kuvura bisanzwe byarade?

Igihe cyo kuvura gitandukana bitewe n'uko uhagaze, ariko bisanzwe biba hagati y'ibyumweru bike ku mezi make. Kubaga bishobora gusaba iminsi mike mu bitaro, bikurikirwa n'ibyumweru bike byo kuvurwa imirasire niba bikenewe. Itsinda ry'abaganga bazakubwira igihe cyihariye ukurikije igikorwa cyawe cyo kuvura.

Q.5 Ese igipimo cyo gukira cya esthesioneuroblastoma ni iki?

Igipimo cyo gukira cya esthesioneuroblastoma ni cyiza, aho ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ko igipimo cyo gukira mu myaka 5 kiri hagati ya 70-80% cyangwa kirenze iyo hakiri kare. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku byiza birimo icyiciro cy'ikibyimba mu gihe cyo gusuzuma, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'uko kanseri isubiza ubuvuzi. Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha amakuru arambuye ukurikije uko uhagaze.