Umuhango w'Amarira mu Gishe gya Melanoma y'Ijisho? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Melanoma y'amaso ni ubwoko bwa kanseri buke cyane butera mu mitsi ikora ibara mu jisho ryawe. Nubwo byumvikana biteye ubwoba, gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara bishobora kugufasha kumenya ibimenyetso by'ingenzi no gushaka ubuvuzi bukwiye igihe bibaye ngombwa.

Iyi kanseri ikunda kwibasira uvea, ari yo ntera yo hagati y'ijisho ryawe irimo iris, umubiri wa ciliary, na choroid. Tekereza kuri ibi bice nk'uburyo bwo gushyigikira amaso bufasha kugenzura umucyo no kugaburira retina.

Umuhango w'Amarira mu Gishe gya Melanoma y'Ijisho ni iki?

Melanoma y'amaso ibaho iyo melanocytes, utwenge dutanga ibara mu jisho ryawe, dutangiye gukura mu buryo budasanzwe kandi budakozwe. Ni ubwoko bw'utwenge bumwe na bumwe bushobora gutera melanoma y'uruhu, ariko melanoma y'amaso ikora mu buryo butandukanye.

Iyi ndwara ikunda kwibasira abantu bakuru, aho ingero nyinshi ziba mu bantu barengeje imyaka 50. Bitandukanye na melanoma y'uruhu, melanoma y'amaso iterwa no kwibasirwa n'izuba, ikintu gishya abantu benshi bumva bamenye igihe babimenye.

Hari ahantu habiri nyamukuru melanoma y'amaso ishobora gutera. Melanoma ya Uveal ibatera mu bice by'imbere by'ijisho ryawe, mu gihe melanoma ya conjunctival itera ku mpu y'umwijima ikwirakwira igice cyera cy'ijisho ryawe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Melanoma y'Ijisho?

Ikibazo gikomeye cya melanoma y'amaso ni uko ikunda gutera idatanga ibimenyetso byumvikana mu ntangiriro zayo. Abantu benshi bayibona mu bipimo bisanzwe by'amaso, ari yo mpamvu gusuzuma buri gihe ari ingenzi cyane.

Iyo ibimenyetso bigaragaye, ushobora kubona impinduka mu kubona kwawe ziterambere buhoro buhoro:

• Kubona bidafatika cyangwa gukomera mu jisho rimwe
• Ibicu byijimye cyangwa ibishushanyo byijimye mu kubona kwawe
• Umucyo uca cyangwa ibintu bito by'umweru bikunze kugaragara
• Agacupa kari gukura k'ijisho ryawe
• Impinduka mu ishusho y'umunwa wawe
• Gutakaza kubona ku ruhande rumwe

Bamwe bumva ko amaso yabo asa n'aho ahinduka, nubwo badashobora kuvuga icyahindutse. Abandi babona ko umurongo utambitse usa n'uwakomye cyangwa ugoswe iyo barebye n'ijisho ryibasiwe.

Mu bihe bidafatika, ushobora kugira ububabare cyangwa umuvuduko mu jisho ryawe, nubwo ibi bikunda kubaho gusa iyo igituntu cyakuruye cyane. Ibuka ko ibi bimenyetso bishobora kandi kugaragaza izindi ndwara z'amaso zisanzwe, bityo kubona ntabwo bivuze ko ufite melanoma.

Ni ibihe bwoko bya Melanoma y'Ijisho?

Melanoma y'amaso ihabwa ubwoko hashingiwe aho itera mu jisho ryawe. Ubwoko busanzwe ni uwa uveal melanoma, uhagarariye hafi 85% ya melanoma yose y'amaso.

Melanoma ya Uveal ishobora kuba mu bice bitatu byihariye. Choroidal melanoma itera mu ntera iri munsi ya retina yawe kandi ihagarariye ingero nyinshi. Ciliary body melanoma ibatera mu gikomere kiyobora ishusho y'umunwa wawe, mu gihe iris melanoma igaragara mu gice gifite ibara ry'ijisho ryawe.

Conjunctival melanoma ni nke cyane kandi itera ku mpu yoroheje, yera ikwirakwira igice cyera cy'ijisho ryawe. Ubu bwoko bumeze nk'iya melanoma y'uruhu kandi ishobora kuba ifitanye isano no kwibasirwa n'izuba.

Hari kandi ubwoko buke cyane cyane bwitwa orbital melanoma, bugira ingaruka ku mitsi ikikije umwobo w'ijisho ryawe. Ubu bwoko busaba ubuvuzi bwihariye kandi kenshi burimo itsinda ry'inzobere zitandukanye.

Ni iki giterwa na Melanoma y'Ijisho?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya melanoma y'amaso iracyari itazwi, ikintu gishobora gutera impungenge iyo ugerageza gusobanukirwa impamvu ibi byabaye. Bitandukanye na melanoma y'uruhu, melanoma y'amaso ntabwo ikunda gufitanye isano no kwibasirwa n'izuba cyangwa imirasire ya UV.

Abashakashatsi bemeza ko impinduka za gene mu melanocytes ziterwa na kanseri, ariko icyateye izi mpinduka ntikirasobanutse neza. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko imikorere imwe ya gene ishobora gutuma bamwe bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi ndwara.

Ibintu by'ibidukikije bishobora kugira uruhare, nubwo ibimenyetso ari bike. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwasesenguye isano n'umuriro, kwibasirwa na chimique, cyangwa imirimo imwe, ariko nta sano ihamye yabonetse.

Kugira amaso yera, cyane cyane y'ubururu cyangwa icyatsi, bigaragara ko byongera ibyago byawe gato. Uruhu rwera no kugorana kwishima bishobora kandi gutera ibyago byinshi, nubwo isano idakomeye nk'uko biri kuri melanoma y'uruhu.

Ni ryari ukwiye kubona muganga kubera Melanoma y'Ijisho?

Ugomba gutegura isuzuma ry'amaso niba ubona impinduka zihoraho mu kubona kwawe, cyane cyane niba zigira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe gusa. Ntugatege amatsiko ngo urebe niba ibimenyetso bizagenda ubwabyo, kuko kubimenya hakiri kare byongera cyane ibyago byo kuvurwa.

Hamagara muganga wawe w'amaso vuba niba ugize ibintu bishya byijimye mu kubona kwawe, ugize impinduka zidasanzwe mu kubona, cyangwa ukabona agace kari gukura k'ijisho ryawe. Izi mpinduka zikwiye gusuzuma inzobere, nubwo bishoboka ko ziterwa n'izindi ndwara.

Niba ufite ibyago bya melanoma y'amaso, nko kugira amaso yera cyangwa amateka y'umuryango wa melanoma, banira igihe cyo gusuzuma neza hamwe n'umuganga wawe wita ku maso. Gusuzuma amaso buri gihe bishobora kumenya impinduka mbere y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragara.

Ubuvuzi bw'ubukorikori ntabwo bukunze kuba ngombwa keretse niba ugize igihombo cy'amahoro cyangwa ububabare bukabije mu jisho. Ariko, ntutinye gushaka ubuvuzi bw'amahoro niba uhangayikishijwe n'impinduka zihuse mu kubona kwawe.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago bya Melanoma y'Ijisho?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye no gusuzuma no kugenzura. Imyaka ni yo ntandaro ikomeye, aho ingero nyinshi ziba mu bantu barengeje imyaka 50.

Ibintu bimwe by'umubiri bishobora kongera ibyago byawe:

• Amaso yera, cyane cyane y'ubururu cyangwa icyatsi
• Uruhu rwera rworoshye kwishima
• Umusatsi wera cyangwa umutuku
• Kugorana kwishima
• Kugira ibinini byinshi cyangwa ibishushanyo

Indwara zimwe za gene na zo zongera ibyago. Ocular melanocytosis, itera ibara ryinshi mu jisho ryawe, na dysplastic nevus syndrome, irimo ibinini bidafatika, zombi zisaba kugenzurwa neza.

Kugira amateka y'umuryango wa melanoma, yaba amaso cyangwa uruhu, bishobora kongera ibyago byawe gato. Indwara zimwe za gene nke, nka BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome, zongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara melanoma y'amaso.

Bitandukanye na melanoma y'uruhu, kwibasirwa n'izuba mu kazi no gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwishima ntibigaragara ko byongera ibyago bya melanoma y'amaso cyane. Iyi ntandaro ikunda gutangaza abantu kandi igaragaza ukuntu iyi kanseri itandukanye n'iya uruhu.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya Melanoma y'Ijisho?

Ikibazo gikomeye ni metastasis, aho utwenge twa kanseri dukwiriye mu bindi bice by'umubiri wawe. Melanoma y'amaso ifite ubushobozi bwihariye bwo gukwirakwira mu mwijima, ari yo mpamvu gukomeza kugenzura bikomeza kuba ingenzi na nyuma yo kuvurwa neza.

Ibibazo bijyanye no kubona biterwa n'ingano n'aho igituntu kiri. Bamwe bagira igihombo cy'amahoro cyangwa igihombo cyuzuye mu jisho ryibasiwe, mu gihe abandi bakomeza kubona neza mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Ubuvuzi ubwo bwabwo rimwe na rimwe bushobora gutera ibibazo. Ubuvuzi bwa radiation bushobora gutera amaso yumye, cataracte, cyangwa kwangirika kwa retina mu gihe runaka. Gukuraho amaso, nubwo rimwe na rimwe ari ngombwa, bisaba guhindura uburyo bwo kubona amaso amwe.

Glaucome y'inyongera ishobora gutera iyo igituntu kibangamiye imisarire isanzwe y'amazi mu jisho ryawe. Uyu muvuduko wiyongereye ushobora gutera ibindi bibazo byo kubona kandi bishobora gusaba ubuvuzi butandukanye.

Mu bihe bidafatika, ibituntu binini cyane bishobora gutera ububabare mu jisho cyangwa ikibazo cy'ubwiza. Bamwe bagira umuriro cyangwa amaraso mu jisho, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku kubona no kuruhuka.

Melanoma y'Ijisho imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya indwara bikunda gutangira hakoreshejwe isuzuma ryuzuye ry'amaso aho muganga wawe azagufungura amaso kugira ngo asuzume imbere y'ijisho ryawe neza. Ibi bimwemerera kubona ibice bishobora kuba bifite melanoma.

Muganga wawe wita ku maso azakoresha ibikoresho byihariye kugira ngo asuzume retina yawe n'ibindi bice by'imbere by'amaso. Ashobora gufata amafoto cyangwa gukoresha ultrasound kugira ngo apime ibice byose bikekwaho kandi amenye imiterere yabyo.

Fluorescein angiography irimo gutera umuti wihariye mu kuboko kwawe ugera mu mitsi y'amaraso y'ijisho ryawe. Iki kizamini gifasha abaganga kubona uko amaraso atembera mu bice byose bikekwaho kandi gishobora kugaragaza imiterere y'igituntu.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa kugira ngo ibone ibice by'umubiri, nubwo atari ngombwa buri gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara. Muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupima gene z'utwenge tw'igituntu kugira ngo afashe kumenya imyitwarire yacyo no kuyobora ibyemezo byo kuvura.

Ubundi bushakashatsi bw'amashusho, nka MRI cyangwa CT scans, bufasha kumenya niba kanseri ikwiriye hejuru y'ijisho ryawe. Ibi bizamini ni ingenzi mu gupima kanseri no gutegura ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni iki kivura Melanoma y'Ijisho?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'ingano y'igituntu cyawe, aho kiri, n'imiterere ya gene, kimwe n'ubuzima bwawe rusange n'intego zawe zo kubona. Intego ihoraho ni ukurandura kanseri mu gihe ubungabunga ubushobozi bwo kubona n'imikorere y'amaso.

Ubuvuzi bwa radiation kenshi ni bwo buvuzi bukunzwe gukoreshwa ku bituntu byo hagati. Plaque brachytherapy irimo gushyira agace gato ka radioactive ku jisho ryawe, gutanga radiation iboneye ku gituntu mu minsi mike.

External beam radiation ikoresha radiation iboneye cyane iva hanze y'umubiri wawe. Proton beam therapy, iboneka mu bigo byihariye, ishobora gutanga radiation neza cyane, ishobora kugabanya kwangirika ku mitsi igezweho.

Uburyo bwo kubaga burimo local resection, aho ababaganga bakuraho igituntu mu gihe babungabunga amaso yawe. Enucleation, cyangwa gukuraho amaso, biba ngombwa iyo ibituntu binini cyane cyangwa iyo ubushobozi bwo kubona budashobora kubungabungwa.

Kubituntu bito, muganga wawe ashobora kugusaba kugenzura neza hakoreshejwe isuzuma rya buri gihe. Melanoma imwe mito ikura buhoro cyane kandi ishobora kudakenera ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Ubuvuzi bushya burimo imiti igabanya ibyago itera imikorere imwe ya gene mu mitsi ya melanoma. Immunotherapy, ifasha ubudahangarwa bwawe kurwanya kanseri, igaragaza ibyiringiro ku ndwara zikomeye.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe cya Melanoma y'Ijisho

Kwita ku ngaruka z'ubuvuzi kenshi bisaba ingamba zihariye zo kwitaho ushobora gukoresha iwawe. Niba uhabwa ubuvuzi bwa radiation, ushobora kugira ibibazo by'amaso bishobora kuvurwa neza n'imiti yo kugaburira amaso.

Kurinda amaso yawe mu mucyo mwinshi biba ngombwa mu gihe cyo kuvurwa no nyuma yacyo. Kwambara ibicupa by'izuba no kwirinda gukoresha amaso cyane bishobora kugabanya ibibazo no kunanirwa.

Kugira ubuzima bwiza rusange bufasha umubiri wawe gusubira mu buzima no guhangana n'ubuvuzi. Kurya ibiryo biringaniye, kunywa amazi ahagije, no kuruhuka bihagije byose bigira uruhare mu kugaruka kwawe.

Impinduka zo kubona mu gihe cyo kuvurwa ni ibisanzwe kandi akenshi biba by'igihe gito. Gutegura aho utuye kugira ngo uhuze n'ibibazo byo kubona bishobora kugufasha kugumana ubwigenge n'umutekano.

Kugendera ku mabwiriza ya muganga wawe bijyanye no kugabanya ibikorwa ni ingenzi, cyane cyane niba wabagiwe cyangwa uhabwa radiation. Ubuvuzi bumwe busaba kugabanya ibikorwa byo kwigunga, gutwara ibiremereye, cyangwa ibikorwa bikomeye.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe

Mbere yo gusura muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uko byahindutse mu gihe. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa uko indwara yawe ikomeye.

Kora urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti, ibinyobwa, n'imiti yo mu maso ukoresha ubu. Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku maso yawe cyangwa ikagira ingaruka ku buvuzi, bityo aya makuru ni ingenzi kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi buzeye.

Tegura ibibazo bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, n'icyo witeze mu gihe cyo gukira. Ntugatege amatsiko kubaza ibyago byo gutsinda, ingaruka zishoboka, n'uko ubuvuzi bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bikorwa byawe bya buri munsi.

Zana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti mu gihe cyo gusura muganga niba bishoboka. Kugira inkunga yo mu mutima bifasha, kandi undi muntu ashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi yavuzwe mu gihe cyo gusura.

Kora kopi y'ibyemezo byawe byose byo gusuzuma amaso cyangwa ubushakashatsi bw'amashusho ushobora kugira. Ibi bifasha muganga wawe gukurikirana impinduka mu gihe kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku cyemezo cyo kuvura.

Icyingenzi cyo Kumenya kuri Melanoma y'Ijisho

Melanoma y'amaso ni indwara ikomeye ariko ivurwa, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare binyuze mu isuzuma rya buri gihe ry'amaso. Nubwo kumenya indwara bishobora gutera impungenge, abantu benshi bagumana ubushobozi bwo kubona neza n'ubuzima bwiza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Igikorwa cy'ingenzi ushobora gukora ni ukugira isuzuma ryuzuye ry'amaso buri gihe, cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago cyangwa ukabona impinduka mu kubona. Kubimenya hakiri kare byongera cyane ibyago byo kuvurwa neza no kubungabunga ubushobozi bwo kubona.

Ubuvuzi bwarateye imbere cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha, butanga ubundi buryo bwo kubungabunga ubushobozi bwo kubona mu gihe ubuvuzi bukorwa neza. Itsinda ryawe ry'abaganga bazakorana nawe kugira ngo bategurire gahunda y'ubuvuzi ihuza kanseri yawe n'intego zawe bwite.

Ibuka ko kugira ibyago ntibivuze ko uzagira melanoma y'amaso, kandi kubona ibimenyetso ntibivuze ko ari kanseri. Ariko, kwita ku buzima bw'amaso yawe no kugira ubuvuzi buhoraho ni byo birinda neza.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Melanoma y'Ijisho

Melanoma y'amaso ishobora kwirindwa?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta buryo bwemewe bwo kwirinda melanoma y'amaso kuko impamvu nyamukuru zayo zitaramenyekana neza. Bitandukanye na melanoma y'uruhu, melanoma y'amaso ntabwo ikunda gufitanye isano no kwibasirwa n'izuba, bityo kurinda izuba ntibigabanya ibyago cyane. Uburyo bwiza ni ukugira isuzuma ry'amaso buri gihe, cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago nko kugira amaso yera cyangwa amateka y'umuryango wa melanoma.

Melanoma y'amaso irahari?

Melanoma y'amaso ni nke cyane, ikunda kwibasira abantu 5-7 kuri miliyoni buri mwaka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ubu buke buvuga ko abaganga benshi bita ku maso babona ingero nke mu kazi kabo. Nubwo imibare ari mito, iyi ndwara isaba ubuvuzi bwihariye n'uburambe kugira ngo ibashe kuvurwa neza.

Nzahomba kubona niba mfite melanoma y'amaso?

Ibyavuye mu kubona bihinduka cyane bitewe n'ingano y'igituntu cyawe, aho kiri, n'uburyo bwo kuvura bukoreshwa. Abantu benshi bagumana ubushobozi bwo kubona mu jisho ryibasiwe, cyane cyane iyo melanoma imenyekanye hakiri kare. Muganga wawe azakubwira ibyo witezeho hashingiwe ku mimerere yawe kandi akore uko ashoboye kugira ngo abungabunge ubushobozi bwo kubona.

Melanoma y'amaso irakomoka mu muryango?

Melanoma nyinshi y'amaso ntiikomoka mu muryango, bisobanura ko idakwirakwira mu miryango. Ariko, indwara zimwe za gene nke, nka BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome, zishobora kongera ibyago cyane. Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango wa melanoma cyangwa uburyo budasanzwe bwa kanseri, banira inama z'abaganga b'indwara za gene.

Ngahe nkwiye kugira ibizamini byo gukurikirana nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Igihe cyo gukurikirana gihinduka bitewe n'uburyo bwo kuvura n'ibyago byawe bwite, ariko akenshi biba isuzuma buri mezi 3-6 mu ntangiriro, hanyuma buri mwaka mu myaka myinshi. Gukomeza kugenzura ni ingenzi kuko melanoma y'amaso rimwe na rimwe ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri, cyane cyane umwijima, imyaka nyuma yo kuvura amaso neza. Muganga wawe azakora gahunda yihariye yo kugenzura ihuye n'imimerere yawe.