Umuhumeko ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Umuhumeko ni uburyo umubiri wawe usanzwe uhangana n'indwara cyangwa ibyorezo, aho ubushyuhe bwawe bw'imbere buzamuka hejuru y'ikigereranyo gisanzwe cya 98.6°F (37°C). Utekereza ko ari nk'aho sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi izamura ubushyuhe kugira ngo ifashe kwica mikorobe na bagiteri zitakunda kubaho mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Nubwo umuhumeko ushobora kugaragara nabi kandi ugatera impungenge, mu by'ukuri ni ikimenyetso cy'uko umubiri wawe ukora cyane kugira ngo wirinde kandi wivure.

Umuhumeko ni iki?

Umuhumeko ubaho igihe ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wawe buzamuka hejuru y'ikigereranyo gisanzwe, ubusanzwe bugera kuri 100.4°F (38°C) cyangwa hejuru iyo upimwe mu kanwa. Ikigo gishinzwe kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'ubwonko bwawe, kitwa hypothalamus, gikora nk'ikigega cy'ubushyuhe gishobora guhindurwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cy'indwara.

Iyi izamuka ry'ubushyuhe ribaho kuko sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi isohora ibintu byihariye byitwa pyrogens iyo ibonye abanzi b'akaga nka virusi cyangwa bagiteri. Ibi bintu bimenyesha ubwonko bwawe kuzamura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wawe, bituma habaho ibidukikije bidakunda mikorobe mu gihe bikomeza ubushobozi bwawe bw'ubwirinzi.

Umuhumeko ubusanzwe ni muke kandi ukagenda ukirinda wenyine uko umubiri wawe urwanya icyateye indwara. Ariko rero, gusobanukirwa igihe umuhumeko ukeneye ubuvuzi bishobora kugufasha kumva ufite icyizere mu gucunga iki kimenyetso gisanzwe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'umuhumeko?

Ikimenyetso cy'umuhumeko kigaragara cyane ni ukumva ushyushye cyangwa ufite ubushyuhe, ariko umubiri wawe ubusanzwe ugura ibindi bimenyetso byinshi by'uko ubushyuhe bwawe buzamuka. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutandukana ukurikije umuntu, kandi bishobora kuza no kugenda uko umuhumeko wawe uhinduka.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugiramo harimo:

• Kumva ushyushye cyangwa ufite ubushyuhe, cyane cyane ku gahanga, ku gituza, cyangwa ku mugongo
• Gukonja no guhinda umubiri, nubwo wumva ushyushye
• Kunyara kurusha ubusanzwe
• Kubabara umutwe bishobora kuba bike cyangwa byinshi
• Kubabara imikaya n'amagufa mu mubiri wawe wose
• Kumva unaniwe cyangwa udakomeye
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya
• Kuma umubiri cyangwa inyota nyinshi
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kwibanda cyangwa kumva udasobanukiwe

Ushobora kandi kubona ko uhindukira hagati yo kumva ukonje cyane no kumva ushyushye cyane, ibyo ni ibisanzwe mu gihe cy'umuhumeko. Umubiri wawe ukora kugira ngo ugenzure ubushyuhe bwawo, kandi ibi bihinduka ni igice cy'uwo murimo.

Ni iki gatera umuhumeko?

Umuhumeko ubaho igihe sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi isubiza ibintu bitandukanye, indwara ziterwa na mikorobe arizo zikunze kuba intandaro. Umubiri wawe uzamura ubushyuhe bwawo nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda kugira ngo ubone ibidukikije bidakunda mikorobe mu gihe bikomeza ubushobozi bwawe bw'ubwirinzi.

Impamvu zikunze kubaho harimo:

• Indwara ziterwa na virusi nka grippe, ibicurane, cyangwa COVID-19
• Indwara ziterwa na bagiteri nka angina, indwara z'inzira y'umuyoboro w'inkari, cyangwa pneumonia
• Inkingo zo mu bwana, zishobora gutera umuhumeko muke uko sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi yubaka uburinzi
• Uburwayi bw'ibiryo biterwa n'ibiryo cyangwa amazi byanduye
• Indwara z'amatwi, cyane cyane mu bana
• Indwara z'ibinyabuzima byo mu mazuru ziterwa no guhinda umwuka igihe kirekire

Impamvu zidafata umwanya ariko zikomeye zishobora kuba imiti imwe, indwara z'ubwirinzi aho sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi itera ibitotsi umubiri muzima, cyangwa indwara z'ububabare nka arthritis. Gukonja cyane kubera izuba cyangwa imyitozo ikomeye bishobora kandi gutera ibimenyetso nk'iby'umuhumeko.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, indwara zikomeye nka caillot de sang, kanseri zimwe, cyangwa ububabare bukabije bishobora gutera umuhumeko uhoraho ukeneye isuzuma ry'abaganga vuba.

Igihe ukwiye kubona umuganga kubera umuhumeko?

Umuhumeko ubusanzwe urashobora kuvurwa mu rugo kandi ukagenda ukirinda mu minsi mike, ariko imimerere imwe isaba ubuvuzi vuba kugira ngo ubuzima bwawe bube bwiza kandi ubone ubuvuzi bukwiye. Kumenya ibi bimenyetso by'umubabaro bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza ku gihe cyo gushaka ubuvuzi.

Hamagara umuganga wawe vuba uramutse ufite:

• Ubushyuhe bwa 103°F (39.4°C) cyangwa hejuru
• Umuhumeko umaze iminsi irenga itatu udatagabanuka
• Kubabara umutwe cyane bidakira n'imiti igabanya ububabare
• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa kubabara mu gituza
• Kuruka kenshi bidakemuka
• Ibimenyetso byo gukama umubiri nko guhinda umutwe, akanwa kari kumeze nabi, cyangwa kunyara bike
• Ijosi ridafite ubuyanja hamwe n'ububabare bw'umutwe n'ubushyuhe bw'umucyo
• Kudashishoza cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kuba maso
• Kubabara mu nda cyane
• Uruhu rugaragara vuba hamwe n'umuhumeko

Kubana bafite munsi y'amezi atatu, umuhumeko uwo ari wo wose ukeneye isuzuma ry'abaganga vuba kuko sisitemu yabo y'ubwirinzi igikura.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago by'umuhumeko?

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kugira umuhumeko, ibintu bimwe bishobora gutuma urushaho kwandura indwara n'ibintu bikunze gutera ubushyuhe bw'umubiri bwinshi. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu byongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye no kumenya igihe ushobora kuba ufite intege nke.

Ibintu byongera ibyago byo kugira umuhumeko harimo:

• Imyaka y'ubuzima - abana bato, abana bato, n'abantu bakuru barengeje imyaka 65 bafite ubushobozi buke bw'ubwirinzi
• Sisitemu y'ubwirinzi idakomeye iterwa n'indwara nka diyabete, kanseri, cyangwa VIH
• Kunywa imiti igabanya ubushobozi bw'ubwirinzi, nka steroide cyangwa chimiothérapie
• Indwara z'igihe kirekire nka indwara z'umutima, indwara z'ibihaha, cyangwa ibibazo by'impyiko
• Kubagwa vuba cyangwa ibindi bikorwa by'ubuvuzi bishobora kwinjiza bagiteri
• Kuba hafi y'abarwayi mu ngo, amashuri, cyangwa ahantu hakora
• Imirire mibi cyangwa umunaniro ukabije ugabanya ubushobozi bw'ubwirinzi
• Kubura ibitotsi bihagije, bigabanya ubushobozi bw'ubwirinzi

Ibintu by'ibihe by'umwaka bigira uruhare, indwara ziterwa na virusi zikunze kubaho mu gihe cy'igitumba n'impeshyi igihe abantu bamara igihe kinini bateraniye hamwe mu nzu. Kugenda mu turere dufite indwara zitandukanye bishobora kandi kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara ziterwa n'umuhumeko.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa n'umuhumeko?

Nubwo umuhumeko ubusanzwe ugendera neza udatanze ibibazo birambye, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa umuhumeko urambye bishobora rimwe na rimwe gutera ibibazo bisaba ubuvuzi. Gusobanukirwa ibi bibazo bishoboka bishobora kugufasha gukurikirana ubuzima bwawe neza no gushaka ubuvuzi igihe bikenewe.

Ibibazo bishoboka biterwa n'umuhumeko ukabije cyangwa urambye harimo:

• Gukama umubiri kubera igihombo kinini cy'amazi kubera kunyara no guhumeka vuba
• Ibitotsi by'umuriro mu bana bari hagati y'amezi 6 na 5
• Guhinda umutwe cyangwa kudashishoza kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi
• Umutima ukubita vuba ukomesha sisitemu y'umutima
• Kubura ubusanzwe bw'ibintu by'umubiri kubera kunyara cyane no kubura amazi
• Kunaniuka cyane bigira ingaruka ku mirimo ya buri munsi

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane buri hejuru ya 106°F (41.1°C) bushobora gutera ikibazo cy'ubushyuhe bukabije, ikibazo gishobora kwica umuntu aho sisitemu y'umubiri igenzura ubushyuhe iba ihagaze. Iyi mimerere y'ubuvuzi ikeneye ubuvuzi bwihuse mu bitaro kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'impyiko.

Ibibazo byinshi birindwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo gucunga umuhumeko, amazi ahagije, n'ubuvuzi vuba igihe ibimenyetso by'umubabaro bigaragaye. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukukurikirana ibimenyetso byawe no kubisubiza uko bikwiye aho kureka ibimenyetso bibangamira bitavurwa.

Umuhumeko upimwa ute?

Gupima umuhumeko bitangira hakoreshejwe igipimo cy'ubushyuhe nyacyo, ariko umuganga wawe azashaka kandi gusobanukirwa icyateye indwara kugira ngo atange ubuvuzi bukwiye. Uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe burimo isuzuma ry'umubiri n'ibibazo byibanze ku bimenyetso byawe.

Umuganga wawe ashobora gutangira afata ubushyuhe bwawe akoresheje thermomètre izewe, ubusanzwe mu kanwa cyangwa mu kibuno kugira ngo abone igipimo nyacyo. Azakora kandi isuzuma ry'ibimenyetso byawe by'ingenzi birimo umutima ukubita, umuvuduko w'amaraso, n'umwuka uhinduka kugira ngo abone uko umubiri wawe usubiza umuhumeko.

Kugira ngo amenye icyateye indwara, umuganga wawe ashobora kubaza ibyerekeye:

• Igihe umuhumeko wawe watangiye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi wari ufite
• Ibindi bimenyetso urimo kugira nka ibicurane, kubabara umutwe, cyangwa kubabara mu nda
• Urugendo rwa vuba, guhura n'abarwayi, cyangwa guhindura imikorere yawe
• Imiti urimo kunywa n'izindi ndwara z'igihe kirekire
• Niba imiti igabanya umuhumeko yagufashije n'igihe yagufashije

Ukurikije ibimenyetso byawe n'isuzuma ry'umubiri, umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gupima amaraso kugira ngo arebe niba hari indwara ziterwa na bagiteri, gupima inkari niba hari indwara y'inzira y'umuyoboro w'inkari, cyangwa gupima umunwa kugira ngo arebe niba hari angina. X-rays y'ibituza ishobora kuba ikenewe niba ufite ibimenyetso byo guhumeka hamwe n'umuhumeko.

Ubuvuzi bw'umuhumeko ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bw'umuhumeko bugamije kugufasha kumva utekanye mu gihe umubiri wawe urwanya icyateye indwara, aho kugabanya umuhumeko ubwawo. Intego ni ugucunga ibimenyetso no gukumira ibibazo mu gihe ushyigikira uburyo bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukira.

Imiti igurwa mu maduka ishobora kugabanya umuhumeko n'ububabare bujyanye nawo:

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol) ni nziza kuri benshi kandi ishobora kunyobwa buri masaha 4-6 nk'uko byategetswe
• Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) igabanya umuhumeko n'ububabare, inywwe buri masaha 6-8 ifatanye n'ibiryo
• Aspirin ikwiye kwirindwa mu bana n'abangavu kubera ibyago bya Reye's syndrome

Kora uko byategetswe ku gipimo kandi ntukarenze umubare wategetswe. Niba ufite ibibazo by'umwijima, indwara z'impyiko, cyangwa unywa imiti indi, banza ubaze umuganga wawe mbere yo gukoresha iyi miti igabanya umuhumeko.

Kubera indwara ziterwa na bagiteri, umuganga wawe ashobora kwandika antibiotique, ariko ntabwo bizagufasha ku ndwara ziterwa na virusi nka ibicurane cyangwa grippe. Imiti irwanya virusi ishobora kugusabwa ku ndwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa na virusi niba zafashwe hakiri kare.

Uburyo bwo gucunga umuhumeko mu rugo?

Kwita ku buzima mu rugo bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gucunga umuhumeko neza kandi utekanye mu gihe umubiri wawe ukomeza gukira indwara. Ibi bintu by'ubufasha bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ububabare no gukumira ibibazo bitabuza sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi gukora akazi kayo.

Ikiruhuko ni igikoresho cyawe cy'ingenzi cyo gukira. Umubiri wawe ukoresha imbaraga nyinshi mu kurwanya indwara no kugumana ubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo kuryama bihagije no kwirinda ibikorwa bikomeye bifasha gushyira izo mbaraga mu gukira.

Kuguma ufite amazi ahagije biba byiza cyane mu gihe cy'umuhumeko kuko uba wabuze amazi menshi kubera kunyara no guhumeka vuba:

• Nyunwa amazi, amasupu meza, cyangwa icyayi cy'ibimera kenshi ku manywa yose
• Kwima amatabira na kafe, bishobora gutera gukama umubiri
• Rya ibiryo biryoshye, byoroshye kunywa igihe ubona ubishoboye
• Tegereza ibisubizo by'amashyirahamwe niba unyara cyane

Ibintu byoroshya umubiri bishobora kugufasha kumva utekanye utabangamiye inyungu z'umuhumeko. Wambare imyenda yoroheje, ihumeka kandi koresha ubururu buke aho gukoresha ibiremereye. Kugira umwanya ushyushye cyangwa umwanya wo koga bishobora kugufasha by'agateganyo, ariko kwirinda amazi akonje bishobora gutera guhinda umubiri kandi bikazamura ubushyuhe bwawe.

Gufata ahantu hakonje kandi hahumura neza, ukoresheje abafana niba bikenewe, ariko ntukore uburyo bukonje cyane.

Uko wakwitegura gusura umuganga?

Kwita ku buvuzi bwawe igihe ufite umuhumeko bifasha umuganga wawe kubona amakuru akenewe kugira ngo apime kandi avure indwara yawe neza. Gufata umwanya wo gutegura ibitekerezo byawe n'ibimenyetso byawe, nubwo utumva neza, bishobora gutuma ubone ubuvuzi bwiza.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika amakuru y'ingenzi yerekeye uburambe bwawe bw'umuhumeko:

• Igihe umuhumeko wawe watangiye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi wari ufite
• Ibimenyetso byose wari ufite, nubwo bigaragara ko bidahujwe
• Imiti wari ufite kugira ngo ugabanye umuhumeko niba yagufashije
• Ibikorwa bya vuba, ingendo, cyangwa guhura n'indwara
• Ibibazo ushaka kubabaza umuganga wawe

Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose urimo kunywa, harimo imiti igurwa mu maduka n'ibindi bintu by'inyongera, kuko bimwe bishobora guhangana n'imiti ivura umuhumeko. Niba ufite indwara z'igihe kirekire, tegura kuganira uko bishobora guhuzwa n'uburwayi bwawe.

Tegereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti wizeye niba utumva neza, kuko bashobora gufasha kwibuka amakuru y'ingenzi no kubabaza ibibazo niba ufite ikibazo cyo kwibanda.

Ni iki gikuru wakuramo ku muhumeko?

Umuhumeko ni uburyo umubiri wawe usanzwe kandi buri gihe bufite akamaro mu kurwanya indwara, ukaba ari ikimenyetso cy'uko sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi ikora cyane kugira ngo irinde ubuzima bwawe. Nubwo kumva ufite umuhumeko bishobora kuba bibi kandi bikatera impungenge, umuhumeko ubusanzwe ugendera neza mu minsi mike ukoresheje ubuvuzi mu rugo no kuruhuka.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko umuhumeko ubwawo ntabwo ari ikintu kibangamira, ahubwo ni ikimenyetso cy'indwara ikenewe kwitabwaho. Shyira imbaraga mu kuguma utekanye, ufite amazi ahagije, kandi uruhukire mu gihe ukomeza gukurikirana ibimenyetso by'umubabaro bishobora kugaragaza ko ukeneye ubuvuzi.

Izerera ibyiyumvo byawe ku mubiri wawe kandi ntutinye kuvugana n'umuganga wawe niba uhangayikishijwe n'ibimenyetso byawe cyangwa niba umuhumeko wawe ukomeza igihe kirekire kurusha igihe cyari giteganyijwe. Hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'ubwitabire, ushobora gucunga umuhumeko neza mu gihe ushyigikira uburyo bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukira.

Ibibazo byakunze kubazwa ku muhumeko

Ndagomba kugerageza guhagarika umuhumeko cyangwa nkamureka ukagenda?

Ubusanzwe, ugomba kwibanda ku mutekano aho kugerageza guhagarika umuhumeko, kuko umuhumeko ufasha sisitemu yawe y'ubwirinzi kurwanya indwara. Koresha imiti igabanya umuhumeko igihe wumva utameze neza, ariko ntugamije guhagarika umuhumeko rwose. Reka umubiri wawe ugumane ubushyuhe buke mu gihe ugenzura ibimenyetso bibangamira kuruhuka no kugira amazi ahagije.

Ushobora kugira umuhumeko udatumva ushyushye cyangwa ufite ibindi bimenyetso?

Yego, bishoboka kugira umuhumeko udatumva ushyushye, cyane cyane mu bantu bakuze cyangwa abafite sisitemu y'ubwirinzi idakomeye. Bamwe bashobora kumva ubukonje cyangwa guhinda umubiri aho kumva ushyushye, abandi bashobora kumva bananiwe cyangwa bafite ububabare buke. Gupima ubushyuhe bwawe ukoresheje thermomètre ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kumenya umuhumeko, uko waba wumva kose.

Umuhumeko ukwiye kumara igihe kingana iki mbere y'uko uhangayika?

Umuhumeko ubusanzwe uturuka ku ndwara zisanzwe ziterwa na virusi umaze iminsi 2-3 kandi ukwiye kugaragaza ibimenyetso byo gukira ku munsi wa gatatu. Hamagara umuganga wawe niba umuhumeko wawe ukomeza iminsi irenga itatu, ukagera kuri 103°F (39.4°C) cyangwa hejuru, cyangwa niba ugira ibimenyetso bibangamira nko kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kubabara umutwe cyane, cyangwa kuruka kenshi.

Ni byiza gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa gukora akazi ufite umuhumeko muke?

Ni byiza kuruhuka igihe ufite umuhumeko uwo ari wo wose, nubwo ari muke, kuko umubiri wawe ukoresha imbaraga mu kurwanya indwara. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri bishobora kuzamura ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wawe kandi bishobora gutuma urwara igihe kirekire cyangwa bikarushaho kuba bibi. Tegereza kugeza igihe umaze umunsi umwe utagira umuhumeko mbere yo gusubira mu mirimo isanzwe cyangwa imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Umunaniro cyangwa kubura ibitotsi bishobora gutera umuhumeko?

Nubwo umunaniro no kubura ibitotsi bishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwawe bw'ubwirinzi kandi bikagutera kwandura indwara ziterwa n'umuhumeko, ntabwo bitera umuhumeko ubwawo. Ariko rero, umunaniro ukabije cyangwa kunanirwa bishobora gutera izamuka rito ry'ubushyuhe bw'umubiri. Niba ufite umuhumeko nyakuri (100.4°F cyangwa hejuru), hari indwara cyangwa ikibazo cy'ubuvuzi gikenewe kwitabwaho.