Ese Kanser ya Munwa ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Kanser ya munwa ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y’akanwa itera mu mitsi yoroheje iri munsi y’ururimi rwawe. Akarere k’aho, twita hasi y’akanwa, kagizwe n’ibice by’ingenzi nka glande z’umusemburo, imikaya, n’imitsi y’amaraso bifasha mu kuvuga no kwishima.

Nubwo iyi ndwara ishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa ibyo uhura na byo bishobora kugufasha kumva uriteguye kandi ufite icyizere mu rugendo rwawe rwo kuvurwa. Kanser nyinshi zo hasi y’akanwa ni za kanseri z’uturemangingo twa squamous, bisobanura ko zitangira mu turemangingo duto, dufite ubusa buto, dukingira ako karere.

Ibimenyetso bya kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa bishobora kuba bito kandi bikoroshye kwitiranya n’ibibazo bisanzwe by’akanwa. Ushobora kubona igisebe gito cyangwa agace kadakira mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bibiri, akenshi ari bwo bimenyetso bwa mbere ko hari ikintu gikenewe kwitabwaho.

Dore ibimenyetso byo kwitondera, dutangiriye ku bimenyetso bisanzwe:

• Igisebe kiramba, igisebe cyangwa agace kera/gitukura munsi y’ururimi rwawe
• Kubabara cyangwa kubabara munsi y’akanwa
• Kugorana mu kugerageza ururimi rwawe nk’uko bisanzwe
• Kubyimbagira cyangwa igituntu ushobora kumva munsi y’ururimi rwawe
• Guhinduka mu ijwi ryawe cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvuga
• Kugorana mu kwishima cyangwa kumva ibiryo bihagaze
• Kubabara mu kanwa cyangwa ururimi
• Kuva amaraso mu kanwa nta mpamvu isobanutse

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ushobora kugira ibyimbagira by’ingingo za lymph mu ijosi ryawe, impumuro mbi iramba idakira no gukora isuku y’amenyo, cyangwa amenyo adakomeye adafite indwara y’umunwa. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuza buhoro buhoro mu byumweru cyangwa amezi, bityo impinduka ziramba zikwiye kuvugwa na muganga.

Ese iki gitera kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa?

Kanser yo hasi y’akanwa itera iyo uturemangingo muri ako karere dutangiye gukura nabi kandi bidakozwe. Nubwo tudashobora kumenya impamvu ibi bibaho kuri umuntu kandi bikaba bitabayeho ku wundi, hari ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago.

Impamvu zisanzwe n’ibyago birimo:

• Kunywa itabi mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, harimo isigareti, sigari, iduka, n’itabi ritavuzwe
• Kunywamo inzoga nyinshi, cyane cyane iyo ifatanije n’itabi
• Dukuriye virus ya papilloma ya muntu (HPV), cyane cyane HPV-16
• Isuku mbi y’amenyo itera guhora ubabara
• Imyaka, aho abenshi barwara iyo kanseri nyuma y’imyaka 40
• Kuba umugabo, kuko abagabo barwara iyo kanseri kenshi kurusha abagore
• Guhora ubabara bitewe n’amenyo adakwiranye cyangwa amenyo arakaye

Impamvu zidashimishije harimo izuba rihoraho rigira ingaruka ku minwa n’akarere k’akanwa, zimwe mu ndwara zo mu muryango, no kuvurwa mbere kw’imirasire mu mutwe no mu ijosi. Kugira ibi byago ntibisobanura ko uzabona kanseri, ariko byongera amahirwe yawe.

Ugomba kubona muganga igihe ki ku bimenyetso bya kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga wawe cyangwa umunyamamenyo niba ubona igisebe, agace, cyangwa ikintu kidasanzwe mu kanwa kawe kimaze ibyumweru birenga bibiri. Kumenya hakiri kare bigira uruhare rukomeye mu mibereho y’ubuvuzi, bityo bihora ari byiza ko ibintu byose byipimwa vuba kurusha igihe.

Shaka ubufasha bwa muganga vuba niba ugira ibibazo mu kwishima, kuva amaraso biramba, cyangwa ububabare bukomeye butubuza kurya cyangwa kuvuga. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza indwara ikomeye isaba isuzuma ryihuse.

Ntukabe umuntu uhangayitse cyane. Abaganga bakunda gusuzuma ibintu bidakomeye kuruta gutakaza uburyo bwo kuvura hakiri kare. Umunyamamenyo wawe usanzwe akenshi aba ari we wa mbere ubonye kanseri y’akanwa mu bugenzuzi busanzwe, ikindi kintu cyiza cyo gukomeza gusura umunyamamenyo.

Ese ibi byago bya kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa ni ibihe?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago byawe bwite bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye no kwirinda no gusuzuma. Hari ibintu ushobora kugenzura, ibindi bikaba ari ibice by’ubuzima bwawe bwite.

Ibyago bijyanye n’imibereho ushobora kugira uruhare mu guhindura birimo:

• Kunywa itabi ryo mu bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose
• Kunywamo inzoga nyinshi
• Imikorere mibi y’isuku y’amenyo
• Ibiryo bike by’imbuto n’imboga
• Guhora ubabara bitewe n’ibibazo by’amenyo

Ibyago udashobora kugenzura birimo imyaka yawe, igitsina, indwara zo mu muryango, n’ubuvuzi bwa kanseri bwakozwe mbere. Abagabo barengeje imyaka 40 bafite ibyago byinshi, cyane cyane abafite amateka yo kunywa itabi n’inzoga.

Niba ufite ibyago byinshi, ibi ntibisobanura ko kanseri izageraho. Bisobanura gusa ko ugomba kwitondera cyane ubuzima bw’amenyo yawe no gusuzuma buri gihe. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago ntibabona kanseri, mu gihe bamwe badafite ibyago byagaragaye babona.

Ese ingaruka zishoboka za kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa ni izihe?

Kanser yo hasi y’akanwa ishobora gutera ingaruka nyinshi, zikomoka kuri kanseri ubwayo no ku buvuzi. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bishoboka bigufasha kwitegura no gukorana n’itsinda ryawe rya ba muganga kugira ngo bagabanye ingaruka zabo.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zishobora kuba:

• Kugorana mu kurya, kunywa, cyangwa kwishima
• Guhinduka mu kuvuga cyangwa ibibazo mu kuvuga
• Ububabare buhoraho mu kanwa no mu mashati
• Umunwa wumye ukomoka ku glande z’umusemburo zangiritse
• Ibibazo by’amenyo no kubura amenyo
• Ibironda n’impinduka mu isura y’akanwa

Ingaruka zikomeye ariko zidashimishije harimo ikwirakwira mu ngingo za lymph hafi, ibibazo byo guhumeka niba kanseri igira ingaruka ku mitsi y’umutwe, n’ibibazo by’imirire bitewe n’ibibazo byo kurya. Indwara zikomeye zishobora gusaba kubagwa gusana.

Itsinda ryawe rya ba muganga rizaharanira gukumira izi ngaruka no gucunga izabaho. Ingaruka nyinshi z’ubuvuzi ziratera imbere uko igihe kigenda, kandi serivisi zo gusana zishobora gufasha gusubiza imikorere n’imibereho myiza.

Ese kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa ipima ite?

Kumenya kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa bisanzwe bitangira harebwe neza na muganga wawe cyangwa umunyamamenyo. Bazareba neza aho bakeka ko hari ikibazo kandi bakamenya ibituntu cyangwa kubyimbagira mu kanwa kawe no mu ijosi.

Uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe burimo intambwe nyinshi. Mbere na mbere, umuganga wawe azakubwira amateka yawe y’ubuzima kandi agukore isuzuma. Niba asanze hari ikintu gikomeye, azasaba ko ukorerwa biopsie, aho igice gito cy’umubiri gikurwaho kandi kirebwa muri mikoroskopi.

Ibizamini byongeyeho bishobora kuba CT scan, MRI, cyangwa PET scan kugira ngo bimenye ubunini bwa kanseri niba yarakwirakwiye. Ibi bizamini byo gufata amashusho bifasha itsinda ryawe rya ba muganga gutegura uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Uburyo bwose bwo gupima busanzwe buramara ibyumweru bike, nubwo ibintu byihuse bishobora kwihutishwa.

Ese ubuvuzi bwa kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa biterwa n’icyiciro cya kanseri, ubunini, n’aho iherereye, kimwe n’ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Inkuru nziza ni uko iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare, ubu bwoko bwa kanseri busanzwe bwumva neza ubuvuzi.

Gahunda yawe y’ubuvuzi ishobora kuba irimo imwe muri iyi mibare:

• Kubaga kugira ngo bakureho igituntu n’ingingo za lymph zishobora kuba hafi
• Ubuvuzi bwo kurasa kugira ngo ubone uturemangingo twa kanseri
• Chimiothérapie, ikunze gufatanywa n’ubuvuzi bwo kurasa
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bwa kanseri
• Immunothérapie gufasha ubudahangarwa bwawe guhangana na kanseri

Kanser yo mu cyiciro cya mbere ishobora gukenera kubagwa cyangwa ubuvuzi bwo kurasa gusa, mu gihe indwara zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi buhuriweho. Itsinda ryawe rya ba oncologe rizakubwira amahitamo meza ku mimerere yawe kandi rizagufasha gusobanukirwa ibyo ugomba kwitega.

Ingaruka z’ubuvuzi zitandukanye ariko zishobora kuba harimo kubyimbagira by’igihe gito, kugorana mu kurya, no kunanirwa. Ingaruka nyinshi z’ubuvuzi ziroroshye kandi ziratera imbere uko igihe kigenda ubufasha n’ubwitabire bikwiye.

Uburyo bwo gucunga ibimenyetso murugo mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi

Guhagarara ibimenyetso murugo bigira uruhare rukomeye mu byiyumvo byawe no gukira. Uburyo bworoshye bushobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu buryo wumva mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi no nyuma yacyo.

Kubabara mu kanwa no kubabara, gerageza gukaraba amazi ashyushye y’umunyu inshuro nyinshi buri munsi. Irinde ibiryo birimo ibinyomoro, acide, cyangwa ibiryo bikomeye bishobora kubabaza mu kanwa. Ibiryo byoroshye, bikonje nka smoothies, yaourt, na ice cream bishobora guhumuriza kandi bikoroha kwishima.

Komeza wisukure amazi nyinshi ukoresheje amazi uko umunsi ugenda, kandi utekereze gukoresha humidifier kugira ngo umunwa wawe ugume ushyushye. Niba unywa itabi cyangwa inzoga, guhagarika ibyo bisanzwe bizafasha umunwa wawe gukira no kunoza ubuvuzi.

Komeza isuku y’amenyo yawe ukoresheje ijisho ryoroheje, kandi ukore uko itsinda ryawe rya ba muganga ryabikuyeho. Ntukabe umuntu uhangayitse niba ibimenyetso byakomeje cyangwa ibibazo bishya bigaragaye.

Uburyo bwo kwitegura ku muganga

Kwitegura ku muganga bigufasha kugira icyo umenye mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi muganga wawe agire amakuru yose akenewe kugufasha. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n’uko byahindutse.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti, vitamine, n’ibindi byongerwamo ukoresha. Harimo amakuru yerekeye itabi n’inzoga unywa, kuko bigira ingaruka ku igenamigambi ry’ubuvuzi. Ntukabe umuntu uhangayitse - itsinda ryawe rya ba muganga rikeneye amakuru y’ukuri kugira ngo ritange ubufasha bwiza.

Tegura urutonde rw’ibibazo ushaka kubaza, nko gupima ushobora gukenera, amahitamo y’ubuvuzi aboneka, n’ibyo ugomba kwitega mu gihe kizaza. Tegereza umuntu wizewe cyangwa umuryango kugira ngo aguhe gufata amakuru y’ingenzi no gutanga inkunga yo mu mutima.

Icyo ugomba kumenya kuri kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa

Kanser yo hasi y’akanwa ni indwara ikomeye, ariko kandi ivurwa neza, cyane cyane iyo imenyekanye hakiri kare. Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane ushobora gukora ni uguhita ushaka ubufasha bwa muganga ku bimenyetso byose by’akanwa biramba bimaze ibyumweru birenga bibiri.

Nubwo iyi ndwara ishobora gutera ubwoba, ibuka ko uburyo bwo kuvura bwarateye imbere cyane mu myaka yashize. Abantu benshi barwaye kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa bakomeza kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze nyuma yo kuvurwa.

Itsinda ryawe rya ba muganga ririho kugufasha muri buri ntambwe y’uru rugendo. Ntukabe umuntu uhangayitse kubaza ibibazo, kwerekana impungenge, cyangwa gushaka ubufasha igihe ubikeneye. Kugira uruhare mu buvuzi bwawe no kugirana ikiganiro kiboneye n’itsinda ryawe rya ba muganga biguha amahirwe meza yo kugira umusaruro mwiza.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa

Ese kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa ikwirakwira vuba gute?

Kanser yo hasi y’akanwa isanzwe ikura kandi ikwirakwira buhoro kurusha kanseri zimwe na zimwe, ariko umuvuduko utandukanye cyane hagati y’abantu. Kanser yo mu cyiciro cya mbere ishobora kuza mu mezi, mu gihe ubwoko bukaze bushobora gutera imbere vuba. Niyo mpamvu isuzuma rya muganga ryihuse ari ingenzi cyane igihe ubona ibimenyetso biramba.

Ese kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa ishobora kwirindwa?

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda ibintu byose, ushobora kugabanya ibyago byawe cyane mu kwirinda itabi mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose, kugabanya kunywa inzoga, kugira isuku nziza y’amenyo, no gukora isuzuma ry’amenyo buri gihe. Inkingo za HPV zishobora kandi gufasha kugabanya ibyago, cyane cyane ku bantu bakiri bato.

Ese umubare w’abarokoka kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa ni ungana gute?

Umubare w’abarokoka uterwa cyane n’icyiciro cyo kumenya. Kanser yo hasi y’akanwa yo mu cyiciro cya mbere ifite umubare mwiza w’abarokoka, akenshi hejuru ya 80-90% mu myaka itanu. Ibyiciro bikomeye bifite umubare muke, ariko ubuvuzi burakomeza gutera imbere. Ubuhanuzi bwawe bwite biterwa n’ibintu byinshi umuntu afite umuganga wawe ashobora kukubwira.

Ese nshobora kurya no kuvuga nk’uko bisanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa?

Abantu benshi basubira mu buzima busanzwe nyuma yo kuvurwa, nubwo bishobora gutwara igihe no gusana. Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga no kwishima bushobora kugufasha guhuza impinduka. Ubunini bw’impinduka z’imikorere biterwa n’aho kanseri iherereye, ubunini, n’ubwoko bw’ubuvuzi bukenewe.

Ese abagize umuryango bagomba gupimwa niba mfite kanseri yo hasi y’akanwa?

Kanser yo hasi y’akanwa isanzwe ntabwo irangwa mu muryango, bityo abagize umuryango ntibakenera gupimwa byihariye keretse bafite ibimenyetso cyangwa ibyago bwite. Ariko kandi, abagize umuryango bagomba kugira imikorere myiza y’isuku y’amenyo n’isuzuma ry’amenyo buri gihe, cyane cyane niba basangiye ibyago by’imibereho nk’itabi.