Indwara ya Grippe Ni Iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Uko Ivurwa

Grippe ni indwara y’ubuhumekero wandura iterwa na virusi ya influenza izenguruka mu mazuru yawe, mu muhogo, rimwe na rimwe no mu mwijima. Bitandukanye n’igituntu gisanzwe, grippe ikubabaza cyane mu buryo butunguranye kandi ishobora kukubabaza iminsi myinshi cyangwa ibyumweru.

Abantu benshi barakira grippe neza, ariko birakwiye gusobanukirwa icyo urimo uhura na cyo. Grippe ikwirakwira mu buryo bworoshye kuva ku muntu umwe ajya ku wundi kandi ikunda kugaragara cyane mu gihe cy’igitumba, nubwo ushobora kuyifata igihe icyo ari cyo cyose cy’umwaka.

Ibimenyetso bya Grippe ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya grippe ubusanzwe bigaragara mu buryo butunguranye, akenshi mu gihe cy’iminsi umwe kugeza kuri ine nyuma y’aho umaze kwandura virusi. Ushobora kubyuka umeze neza hanyuma ukumva nabi nyuma ya saa sita, ibyo ni bimwe mu bituma grippe itandukanye n’igituntu gikura gahoro gahoro.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira birimo:

• Ubushyuhe (busanzwe 37.7°C cyangwa hejuru)
• Kubabara umubiri n’imikaya
• Kubabara umutwe
• Umunaniro ukabije n’intege nke
• Inkorora yumye
• Kubabara mu muhogo
• Amazuru arimo amazi cyangwa afunze
• Gukonja

Bamwe, cyane cyane abana, bashobora kugira isereri, kuruka, cyangwa guhitwa, nubwo ibyo bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara kuri grippe y’igifu (itari influenza nyakuri). Ubushyuhe bwawe busanzwe buramara iminsi itatu kugeza kuri ine, ariko ushobora kumva unaniwe kandi ufite intege nke ibyumweru byinshi uko umubiri wawe ukira neza.

Icyateye Grippe ni iki?

Grippe iterwa na virusi ya influenza, ari zo mikrobbi nto zinjira mu mitsi yo mu bice byawe by’ubuhumekero. Hari ubwoko bune bw’ingenzi bwa virusi ya influenza, ariko ubwoko A na B ni byo biterwa n’icyorezo cya grippe buri mwaka.

Izi virusi zikwirakwira ahanini binyuze mu matonyanga mato abantu banduye basohora iyo bakorora, bahumeka, cyangwa bavuga. Ushobora kwandura grippe uhumeka ayo matonyanga cyangwa ukora ku kintu gifite virusi hanyuma ukora ku kanwa kawe, mu mazuru, cyangwa mu maso.

Icyatuma grippe iba ikibazo ni uko abantu bashobora kuyikwirakwiza ku bandi bahereye ku munsi umwe mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragara kugeza ku minsi irindwi nyuma yo kurwara. Ibi bivuze ko umuntu ashobora kukwanduza grippe mbere y’uko azi ko ayifite.

Ubwoko bwa Grippe ni ubuhe?

Hari ubwoko bune bwa virusi ya influenza, ariko uzahura ahanini na bubiri muri zo mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya grippe. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwazo bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa impamvu ukeneye inkingo nshya ya grippe buri mwaka.

Influenza A ni yo yiganje kandi itera icyorezo cya grippe buri mwaka. Ubu bwoko bushobora kwandura abantu, inyoni, n’ingurube, kandi buhora buhinduka, niyo mpamvu abahanga bagomba kuvugurura inkingo za grippe buri mwaka.

Influenza B nayo itera icyorezo cya grippe ariko ikunda kuba nta kibazo kurusha ubwoko A. Irandura abantu gusa, bityo ntihinduka vuba nk’ubwoko A, ariko iracyahinduka bihagije kugira ngo ibashe kuvugururwa buri mwaka.

Influenza C itera ibimenyetso byoroheje by’ubuhumekero kandi ntiterwa n’icyorezo. Influenza D irandura inka ahanini kandi ntizwi ko yandura abantu, bityo ntukeneye guhangayika kuri ubwo bwoko bubiri bwa nyuma.

Ugomba kubona muganga igihe ki ku bw’indwara ya grippe?

Abantu benshi bafite ubuzima bwiza bashobora gukira grippe mu rugo bakaruhuka kandi bagafashwa. Ariko, ugomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ugize ibimenyetso bimwe by’uburwayi cyangwa niba uri mu kaga ko kugira ingaruka.

Shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga ako kanya niba ugize ibi bikurikira:

• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa guhumeka nabi
• Kubabara cyangwa kuremererwa mu gituza
• Kugira ubusembwa cyangwa kwibagirwa mu buryo butunguranye
• Kuruka cyane cyangwa guhora uruka
• Ibimenyetso bya grippe bikira hanyuma bigaragara ukundi bifatanije n’ubushyuhe n’inkorora ikomeye
• Ubushyuhe bukabije (hejuru ya 39.4°C) budakira n’imiti igabanya ubushyuhe

Ugomba kandi guhamagara muganga wawe niba uri mu itsinda ry’abantu bafite ibyago byinshi, nubwo ibimenyetso byawe bigaragara nk’ibyoroheje. Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi harimo abakuze barengeje imyaka 65, abagore batwite, abana bato bari munsi y’imyaka 5, n’abantu bafite indwara zidakira nk’asthme, diyabete, cyangwa indwara z’umutima.

Ibyago byo kwandura grippe ni ibihe?

Umuntu wese ashobora kwandura grippe, ariko ibintu bimwe bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara cyangwa kugira ingaruka zikomeye. Imyaka igira uruhare runini, abana bari munsi y’imyaka 5 n’abakuze barengeje imyaka 65 bafite ibyago byinshi.

Ubuzima bwawe rusange na bwo ni ingenzi. Abantu bafite indwara zidakira bafite ibyago byinshi:

• Asthme cyangwa izindi ndwara z’ibihaha
• Indwara z’umutima
• Diyabete
• Indwara z’impyiko cyangwa umwijima
• Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke buterwa n’imiti cyangwa indwara
• Umuvuzo ukabije (BMI ya 40 cyangwa hejuru)

Abagore batwite nabo bafite ibyago byinshi, cyane cyane mu mezi atatu ya kabiri n’aya gatatu. Kutuura cyangwa gukora ahantu hahuriye abantu benshi nko mu bigo byita ku bantu bakuze, amashuri, cyangwa ibirindiro by’abasirikare bishobora kongera ibyago byo kwandura.

Ingaruka zishoboka za grippe ni izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi barakira grippe batagize ibibazo birambye, ingaruka zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bishoboka bishobora kugufasha kumenya igihe ugomba gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ni pneumonia iterwa na bagiteri, ishobora kubaho iyo bagiteri zanduye ibihaha byawe mu gihe byahenzwe na virusi ya grippe. Ushobora kubona ibimenyetso bikomeye nyuma yo kumva ubaye mwiza, harimo inkorora ikomeye, kubabara mu gituza, cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka.

Izindi ngaruka zishobora kubaho:

• Indwara z’imikaya
• Indwara z’amatwi
• Kugira ibibazo by’indwara zidakira nk’asthme cyangwa diyabete
• Ibibazo by’umutima, harimo n’igitero cy’umutima (bihoraho)
• Kubabara mu bwonko (bihoraho cyane)
• Kwangirika kw’imikaya bigatera ibibazo by’impyiko (bihoraho cyane)

Ingaruka nyinshi zirarwanywa iyo zafashwe hakiri kare, niyo mpamvu ari ingenzi kuguma ukorana na muganga wawe niba uri mu kaga cyangwa niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye nyuma yo kuba byaracitse.

Grippe ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Inkuru nziza ni uko ushobora gufata ingamba nyinshi zifatika zo kwirinda grippe no kurinda abandi. Inkingo ya grippe ya buri mwaka ni yo kurinda neza, igabanya ibyago byo kwandura grippe ku kigero cya 40-60% iyo inkingo ihuye neza na virusi zikwirakwira.

Ugomba gukingirwa bitarenze Ukwakira, nubwo gukingirwa nyuma yaho biguha kurinda. Inkingo igenewe abantu bose bafite amezi 6 n’abarengeje, uretse abantu bake bafite allergie zikomeye.

Ibikorwa byo kwirinda buri munsi bishobora kandi kugufasha kwirinda:

• Koga intoki kenshi n’amazi n’isabune mu gihe cy’amasegonda 20 nibura
• Kwirinda gukora mu maso, mu mazuru, no mu kanwa
• Kwirinda abantu barwaye
• Gusukura no kwanduza ibintu bikunze gukoreshwa
• Kugira ubuzima bwiza rusange binyuze mu kuryama bihagije, imyitozo ngororamubiri, n’ibiribwa biringaniye

Niba urwaye, ugume mu rugo nibura amasaha 24 nyuma y’aho ubushyuhe bwawe bumaze gucika kugira ngo wirinda gukwirakwiza grippe ku bandi.

Grippe imenyekanwa gute?

Muganga wawe ashobora kumenya grippe hifashishijwe ibimenyetso byawe n’igihe cy’umwaka, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya grippe iyo virusi ikwirakwira cyane mu muryango wawe.

Rimwe na rimwe muganga wawe ashobora gushaka kwemeza uburwayi akoresheje ikizamini cya grippe cyihuse, gikubiyemo gukura amazi mu mazuru cyangwa mu muhogo. Ibyo bizamini bishobora gutanga ibisubizo mu minota 15, nubwo atari byose ari byiza 100%.

Hariho ibizamini byiza bishobora kumenya virusi ya grippe neza, ariko ibisubizo bishobora gutinda iminsi mike. Muganga wawe azakora ibyo bizamini gusa niba ibisubizo byahindura uburyo bwo kuvura cyangwa niba hari icyorezo bagomba gukurikirana.

Uburyo bwo kuvura grippe ni ubuhe?

Uburyo bwo kuvura grippe bugamije kugufasha kumva umeze neza mu gihe umubiri wawe urwanya virusi. Abantu benshi barakira bafashwa mu rugo, nubwo imiti irwanya virusi ishobora gufasha mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.

Imiti irwanya virusi nka oseltamivir (Tamiflu) cyangwa baloxavir (Xofluza) ishobora kugabanya uburwayi bwawe ku munsi umwe niba watangiye kuyikoresha mu masaha 48 nyuma y’aho ibimenyetso bigaragaye. Muganga wawe ashobora kuyandika niba uri mu kaga cyangwa niba urwaye cyane.

Kugira ngo ugabanye ibimenyetso, ushobora gukoresha:

• Acetaminophen cyangwa ibuprofen kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe n’ububabare
• Ibisukikira mu muhogo cyangwa amazi ashyushye y’umunyu kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare mu muhogo
• Ibisukura umwuka cyangwa umwuka uva mu mvura kugira ngo ugabanye ikibazo cyo guhumeka
• Amazi menshi kugira ngo wirinde kukama

Irinde guha abana cyangwa urubyiruko aspirine mu gihe bafite ibimenyetso bya grippe, kuko bishobora gutera indwara idasanzwe ariko ikomeye yitwa Reye's syndrome.

Uko wakwitaho mu rugo mu gihe ufite grippe

Kwitaho mu rugo niyo nzira nziza yo gukira grippe. Umubiri wawe ukeneye igihe n’ingufu zo kurwanya virusi, bityo kuruhuka ni ingenzi cyane mu minsi ya mbere iyo wumva ubona nabi.

Komeza wisukure amazi menshi nka amazi, icyayi cy’ibimera, cyangwa amasupu meza. Ibinyobwa bishyushye bishobora guhumuriza mu muhogo kandi bishobora kugufasha kugabanya ikibazo cyo guhumeka. Irinde inzoga na kafeyin, bishobora gutera kukama.

Kora ahantu heza ho gukira:

• Komeza icyumba cyawe gifite ubushyuhe bukwiye
• Koresha ibyuma byinshi kugira ngo uzamure umutwe wawe mu gihe uryamye
• Koresha igikoresho gisukura umwuka cyangwa uhumeka umwuka uva mu mvura
• Funga ibiryo biringaniye, igihe wumva ubishoboye
• Fata ikiruhuko mu kazi cyangwa mu ishuri kugira ngo uruhuke neza

Komeza ukure ibimenyetso byawe kandi ntukihute gusubira mu mirimo yawe isanzwe. Nubwo ubushyuhe bwawe bumaze gucika, ushobora kumva unaniwe iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru byinshi uko umubiri wawe ukira neza.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Niba ukeneye kubona muganga kubera ibimenyetso bya grippe, kwitegura gato bishobora kugufasha kugira uruzinduko rwiza. Andika igihe ibimenyetso byawe byatangiye n’uko byakomeje, kuko iyo ngingo y’igihe ishobora gufasha muganga wawe gusuzuma uburwayi bwawe.

Kora urutonde rw’ibimenyetso byawe byose, ndetse n’ibyaba bitagaragara ko bifitanye isano na grippe. Shyiramo ubushyuhe bwawe niba wari ubugenzura, kandi bandika imiti yose wagerageje niba yagufashije.

Zana amakuru akenewe:

• Urutonde rw’imiti ukoresha ubu n’ibindi
• Amateka yawe y’inkingo, harimo igihe uheruka gukingirwa grippe
• Indwara zidakira ufite
• Uruzinduko uheruka gukora cyangwa guhura n’abarwayi

Ntucikwe no kuvuga niba utwite, ugiye gutwita, cyangwa uonsa, kuko bigira ingaruka ku nama zo kuvura. Gerageza kugera hakiri kare kandi witegure kwambara agapfukamunwa kugira ngo urinde abandi bari mu cyumba cy’irwariro.

Icyo ugomba kumenya kuri grippe

Grippe ni indwara isanzwe ariko ishobora kuba ikomeye itera abantu miliyoni buri mwaka. Nubwo ishobora kukubabaza iminsi myinshi, abantu benshi bafite ubuzima bwiza barakira neza bakaruhuka kandi bafashwa.

Uburinzi bwawe bwiza ni ugukingirwa grippe buri mwaka no gukora isuku nziza. Niba urwaye, umva umubiri wawe, kuruhuka igihe ukeneye, kandi ntutinye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba uri mu kaga cyangwa niba ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye.

Wibuke ko grippe yandura cyane, bityo kuguma mu rugo mu gihe urwaye birinda gukira kwawe gusa ahubwo birinda ubuzima bw’abantu muri rusange. Hamwe no kwitaho neza n’uburyo bwo kwirinda, ushobora kunyura mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya grippe utekanye kandi ugashyigikira abandi nabo.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri grippe

Grippe iramara igihe kingana iki?

Abantu benshi barwara grippe iminsi 3-7, nubwo ibimenyetso bimwe nka kunanirwa n’inkorora bishobora kumara ibyumweru. Ubushyuhe bwawe busanzwe bucika mu minsi 3-4, kandi niho uba utangiye kumva umeze neza. Ariko, bisanzwe kumva unaniwe kandi ufite intege nke ibyumweru bibiri uko umubiri wawe ukira neza.

Urashobora kwandura grippe kabiri mu gihe kimwe cy’icyorezo?

Yego, bishoboka kwandura grippe inshuro nyinshi mu gihe kimwe cy’icyorezo, nubwo atari byo bisanzwe. Ibi bishobora kubaho niba uhura n’ubwoko butandukanye bwa virusi ya grippe cyangwa niba ubudahangarwa bwawe budahaye kurinda bikomeye nyuma y’ubwandu bwa mbere. Gukingirwa biguha kurinda neza kurushaho ku bwoko bwinshi bwa grippe buri mu gihe kimwe cy’icyorezo.

Grippe y’igifu ni grippe nyakuri?

Oya, icyo abantu bita “grippe y’igifu” si influenza nyakuri. Grippe y’igifu ivuga kuri gastroenterite, iterwa ahanini na virusi zitandukanye zigira ingaruka ku gice cy’igogora. Influenza nyakuri igira ingaruka ahanini ku bice by’ubuhumekero, nubwo rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera isereri no kuruka, cyane cyane ku bana.

Uba ufite ubushobozi bwo kwanduza abandi igihe ki?

Uba ufite ubushobozi bwo kwanduza abandi mu minsi 3-4 ya mbere y’uburwayi bwawe iyo ubushyuhe bwawe buri hejuru. Ariko, ushobora kwanduza abandi kuva ku munsi umwe mbere y’uko ibimenyetso bigaragara kugeza ku minsi 7 nyuma yo kurwara. Abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri buke bashobora kwanduza abandi igihe kirekire.

Ugomba gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mu gihe ufite grippe?

Oya, ugomba kwirinda gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri mu gihe ufite grippe, cyane cyane niba ufite ubushyuhe. Umubiri wawe ukeneye ingufu zose zo kurwanya virusi, kandi imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora gutuma ibimenyetso byawe bikomeye kandi bikagutinda gukira. Tegereza kugeza ubwo ubushyuhe bwawe bumaze gucika nibura amasaha 24 kandi ukumva umeze neza mbere yo gusubira gahoro gahoro mu myitozo ngororamubiri.