Uburwayi bw'ibiryo? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo buva mu kurya cyangwa kunywa ibintu byanduye imikoro mibi, virusi, cyangwa uburozi. Umubiri wawe ugerageza kubikuramo, ibyo bigatuma ugira ibimenyetso bibi.

Akenshi birakira ukwabyo mu minsi mike, uburuhukiro n'amazi bihagije. Nubwo bidahamye, uburwayi bw'ibiryo busanzwe ntabwo ari bibi ku bantu bakuze n'abana bafite ubuzima bwiza.

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo ni iki?

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo ni uburyo bw'umubiri wawe bwo kwirinda nyuma yo kurya ibiryo cyangwa ibinyobwa byanduye. Ni nk'aho ubudahangarwa bwawe bukora cyane kugira ngo bukureho imikoro mibi idakwiye kuba mu mubiri.

Izina ryacyo mu mvugo y'abaganga ni indwara ziterwa n'ibiryo, ariko abantu benshi baravuga uburwayi bw'ibiryo. Bibaho iyo imikoro nka Salmonella cyangwa E. coli, virusi, udukoko, cyangwa uburozi binjira mu gifu cyawe binyuze mu byo urya cyangwa unywa.

Umubiri wawe ubona ibyo ari abanzi, ugerageza kubirukana vuba. Icyo gikorwa, nubwo kitari cyiza, ni umubiri wawe ukora ibyo ukwiye kugira ngo ukirinde ibindi bibazo.

Ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bw'ibiryo ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso by'uburwayi bw'ibiryo bigaragara mu masaha make nyuma yo kurya ibiryo byanduye, nubwo bishobora kugaragara nyuma y'iminota 30 kugeza ku minsi myinshi. Igihe biterwa n'icyanduye n'ingano yacyo.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe:

• Isesemi n'kuruka
• Impiswi (rimwe na rimwe ifite amaraso)
• Kubabara mu nda
• Umuhango n'ubukonje
• Kubabara umutwe
• Kubabara imikaya
• Ubwambure n'umunaniro
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya

Abantu benshi bagira ibimenyetso byinshi, aho kuba kimwe gusa. Ubukana bwabyo bushobora kuva ku gucika intege gake kugeza ku bimenyetso bikomeye bikubuza gukora ibindi.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, ubwoko bumwe bw'uburwayi bw'ibiryo bushobora gutera ibimenyetso bikomeye. Botulism, nubwo ari gake cyane, ishobora gutera intege z'imikaya, kugorana kw'umunwa, n'ibibazo by'amaso. Udukoko tumwe twa E. coli dushobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'impyiko, cyane cyane ku bana bato n'abakuze.

Intandaro y'uburwayi bw'ibiryo ni iki?

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo buva mu mikoro mibi cyangwa uburozi buri mu biryo kuva ku murima kugeza ku meza. Ibyo bishobora kwiyongera vuba mu gihe gikwiye, bigahindura ifunguro ryiza mu cyateza indwara.

Ibitera uburwayi bw'ibiryo bikunze kuba:

• Imikoro nka Salmonella, E. coli, na Campylobacter
• Virusi nka norovirus na hepatitis A
• Udukoko nka Giardia na Cryptosporidium
• Uburozi bw'imikoro nka Staphylococcus aureus cyangwa Clostridium botulinum
• Ibyanduye binyuze mu bicuruzwa byo gusukura cyangwa imiti y'ubutaka

Ibyanduye bishobora kuba mu gihe cyo gutunganya ibiryo, kubitunganya, kubibika, cyangwa kubikoresha. Rimwe na rimwe bibaho mu gikoni cyawe binyuze mu kwanduza ibiryo cyangwa kubiteka nabi.

Ibiryo bimwe na bimwe bifite ibyo byanduye. Inyama z'amata, ibinyobwa bitavuzwe, amagi atatetse, n'imboga zidatogosheje bifite ibyago byinshi. Nubwo ibiryo bigaragara ko ari byiza bishobora kwandura niba bibitse mu bushyuhe igihe kirekire.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera uburwayi bw'ibiryo?

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo akenshi bukira ukwabyo uburuhukiro n'amazi ahagije. Ariko hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ukwiye kujya kwa muganga vuba.

Hamagara muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso bikurikira:

• Umuhango ukabije urenze 102°F (38.9°C)
• Kuma umubiri cyane nk'kugira umutwe, akanwa kari kumeze nabi, cyangwa kudapisha
• Amaraso mu kuruka cyangwa mu mpiswi
• Kurukira cyane bituma udashobora kunywa amazi
• Kubabara cyane mu nda
• Ibimenyetso byo gukama umubiri cyane nk'ukurwara cyangwa intege nke
• Ibimenyetso bikomeza iminsi myinshi

Abantu bamwe bagomba kwitondera cyane kandi bagakwiye kujya kwa muganga vuba. Abagore batwite, abana bari munsi y'imyaka 5, abakuze barengeje imyaka 65, n'abafite ubudahangarwa buke bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo bikomeye.

Gira icyo wizeye ku mubiri wawe. Niba hari ikintu kidakubereye cyangwa ukibazo ku bimenyetso byawe, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga aho kubabara.

Ibyago byo kurwara uburwayi bw'ibiryo ni ibihe?

Umuntu wese ashobora kurwara uburwayi bw'ibiryo, ariko hari ibyago bimwe na bimwe bituma bamwe barusha abandi. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bishobora kugufasha kwitwararika.

Abafite ibyago byinshi barimo:

• Abana bari munsi y'imyaka 5
• Abakuze bafite imyaka 65 n'irengeje
• Abagore batwite
• Abafite ubudahangarwa buke
• Abafite indwara zidakira nk'igisukari, indwara z'umwijima, cyangwa iz'impyiko
• Abafata imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa

Uburyo urya n'ibiryo urya bigira uruhare mu byago byawe. Kurya ibiryo bitatetse, kurya ahantu hatameze neza, cyangwa kutakurikira amabwiriza yo kubika ibiryo byongera ibyago byo kurwara.

Uruzinduko rushobora kongera ibyago, cyane cyane mu bice bitameze neza. Ubudahangarwa bwawe bushobora kutamenya imikoro yo muri ako gace idatera abaturage indwara ariko ikaba yatera abashyitsi.

Ibibazo bishobora guterwa n'uburwayi bw'ibiryo ni ibihe?

Abantu benshi barakira uburwayi bw'ibiryo batagize ibibazo, ariko rimwe na rimwe ibibazo bishobora kubaho. Ibyo bibaho cyane ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi, nubwo bishobora kuba no ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza.

Ibibazo bishobora kubaho:

• Kuma umubiri cyane bisaba kujya kwa muganga
• Ibibazo by'impyiko, cyane cyane biturutse ku dukoko tumwe twa E. coli
• Indwara z'amagufwa
• Indwara z'umwijima nyuma yo gukira
• Amazi mu maraso mu bihe bidasanzwe
• Ibibazo by'ubwonko biturutse ku burozi

Kuma umubiri ni ikibazo gikunze kubaho, cyane cyane iyo kuruka n'impiswi bikomeza iminsi myinshi. Ibyo bibaho kuko umubiri wawe utakara amazi n'ibintu by'ingenzi kurusha uko ubyongeramo.

Ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bikaze kandi bidasanzwe birimo hemolytic uremic syndrome biturutse ku dukoko tumwe twa E. coli, bishobora gutera gucika intege kw'impyiko. Indwara ya Listeria mu gihe cyo gutwita ishobora gutera gupfusha cyangwa indwara zikomeye ku bana bashya. Botulism, nubwo ari gake cyane, ishobora gutera ubumuga buteza urupfu.

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo burindwa gute?

Inkuru nziza ni uko uburwayi bw'ibiryo akenshi burindwa neza hakurikijwe amabwiriza yo kurinda ibiryo. Imikorere myiza mu kugura, kubika, gutegura, no gutanga ibiryo irashobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara.

Dore uburyo bwo kwirinda:

• Koga intoki neza mbere na nyuma yo gukora ibiryo
• Teka ibiryo ku bushyuhe bukwiye
• Bika ibiryo byangirika mu masaha 2
• Kwirinda kwanduza ibiryo hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gutekesha inyama n'ibindi biryo
• Ntukarya amagi, inyama, cyangwa amafi atatetse
• Koga imboga n'imbuto neza mbere yo kurya
• Hitamo ibinyobwa n'amata bivuzwe
• Witondere ibiryo bisigaye, ntubibike igihe kirekire

Ugiye kugura ibiryo, bika ibiryo bikonje neza, ubishyire muri firigo vuba. Reba amatariki y'ihirwa, wirinda ibiryo byangiritse.

Mu maresitora, hitamo ahantu hameze neza kandi hafite izina ryiza mu bijyanye n'isuku y'ibiryo. Niba hari ikintu kidahamye, ntukirye. Izuru ryawe n'ururimi ni byiza mu kubona ibyago.

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo bupimwa gute?

Abaganga benshi bashobora kumenya uburwayi bw'ibiryo binyuze mu bimenyetso byawe n'ibyo uheruka kurya. Bazakubaza ibibazo byinshi ku byo waraye, igihe ibimenyetso byatangiye, n'ubukana bwabyo.

Muganga azashaka kumenya ibiryo waraye mu minsi 2-3 mbere y'uko urwara. Icyo gihe gifasha kumenya icyateye indwara.

Akenshi, nta bipimo bikenewe kuko indwara igaragara mu bimenyetso byawe n'ibyo waraye. Ariko, niba urwaye cyane cyangwa ibimenyetso bikomeza, muganga ashobora gukora ibizamini.

Ibyo bizamini bishobora kuba ibipimo by'impiswi kugira ngo hamenyekane imikoro, virusi, cyangwa udukoko. Ibizamini by'amaraso bishobora kureba ibimenyetso byo gukama umubiri cyangwa kwandura. Mu bihe bidasanzwe, bishobora kuba ngombwa gukora ibizamini byihariye.

Ubuvuzi bw'uburwayi bw'ibiryo ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bw'uburwayi bw'ibiryo bugamije gufasha umubiri wawe gukira, guhangana n'ibimenyetso, no kwirinda gukama umubiri. Akenshi ntabwo bikenera imiti, ahubwo bikira ubwabyo.

Uburyo bwo kuvura:

• Buruhukiro kugira ngo umubiri wawe ukire
• Gusubiza amazi n'ibintu by'ingenzi
• Gutangira kurya ibiryo byoroshye
• Guhangana n'ibimenyetso nk'isesemi n'ububabare
• Kwitondera ibimenyetso by'ibibazo

Antibiyotike ntabwo zifasha mu burwayi bw'ibiryo, kandi rimwe na rimwe zishobora kubyagiza. Muganga azakuberaho gusa mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, nk'iyo wanduye cyane cyangwa ufite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo.

Ku bantu benshi, indwara irakira mu minsi mike cyangwa icyumweru. Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugira uruhare mu kurwanya indwara no gukira.

Uko wakwitaho mu rugo ufite uburwayi bw'ibiryo

Kwitaho mu rugo bivuze guha umubiri wawe ibyo ukeneye kugira ngo ukire kandi ugume utuje. Icy'ingenzi ni ugufasha gukira utabangamiye uburyo umubiri wawe ukora.

Fata amazi menshi. Amazi, amasupu, n'ibinyobwa by'amashu bihagije. Wirinda kunywa cyane, bishobora gutera kuruka.

Iyo wumva utekanye, tanga kurya ibiryo byoroshye. Ibiryo byoroshye ku gifu ni byiza. Ongeraho ibindi biryo uko wumva umeze neza.

Buruhukiro ni ingenzi. Umubiri wawe ukoresha imbaraga nyinshi mu kurwanya indwara, ntukarengere. Fata ikiruhuko mu kazi cyangwa mu ishuri niba bikenewe.

Wirinda amata, ibiryo bifite amavuta menshi, inzoga, na kafe kugeza wakiriye. Ibyo bishobora kubabaza umubiri wawe kandi bikongera ibimenyetso.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Kwitoza kujya kwa muganga bigufasha kubona ubuvuzi bwiza kandi ntukibagirwe amakuru y'indwara yawe. Kugira amakuru yateguwe mbere bituma urugendo rwawe rworoshye.

Andika ibyo waraye mu minsi 2-3 mbere y'uko ibimenyetso bigaragara. Harimo aho waraye, ibiryo byihariye waraye, n'igihe.

Kora urutonde rw'ibimenyetso byawe harimo igihe byatangiye, ubukana bwabyo, niba biri gukira cyangwa biri kuba bibi. Andika ubushyuhe bwawe niba warabupimye, n'imiti ufashe.

Zana urutonde rw'imiti ufashe, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n'ibindi. Imiti imwe ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe uhangana n'indwara.

Tegura ibibazo ushaka kubaza, nko kumenya igihe gukira bisaba, igihe ushobora gusubira mu buzima busanzwe, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kwitondera.

Icy'ingenzi ku burwayi bw'ibiryo

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo ni indwara idashimishije ariko ikenshi ikagenda mu minsi mike. Nubwo bidahamye, umubiri wawe ukora ibyo ukwiye kugira ngo ukirinde.

Icy'ingenzi ni ukunywa amazi ahagije no kuruhuka. Akenshi ntabwo bikenera ubuvuzi uretse kwitaho, ariko ukwiye kujya kwa muganga niba ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa uri mu itsinda rifite ibyago byinshi.

Kwiringira ni byiza mu bijyanye n'indwara ziterwa n'ibiryo. Imikorere myiza yo kurinda ibiryo nk'ukubiteka neza, isuku, no kubika ibiryo neza bishobora kwirinda uburwayi bw'ibiryo.

Wibuke ko kurwara uburwayi bw'ibiryo ntibivuze ko wakoze ikintu kibisha. Abantu bitonda nabo barashobora kurwara. Icy'ingenzi ni ukumenya uko wakwitaho n'igihe ukwiye kujya kwa muganga.

Ibibazo byakenshi bibazwa ku burwayi bw'ibiryo

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo buramara igihe kingana iki?

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo bukira mu minsi 3-7, nubwo biterwa n'icyateye indwara n'ubuzima bwawe. Ibimenyetso bikunze kuba bikomeye mu minsi 1-2 hanyuma bigakira buhoro buhoro. Bamwe bumva bameze neza mu masaha 24-48, abandi bakagira umunaniro kugeza ku cyumweru nyuma y'uko ibindi bimenyetso bigiye.

Urashobora kurwara uburwayi bw'ibiryo binyuze mu biryo byongeye gushyuha?

Yego, ibiryo byongeye gushyuha bishobora gutera uburwayi bw'ibiryo niba bitabitswe neza cyangwa bitashyuhaye neza. Imikoro ishobora kwiyongera mu biryo bitetse bibitse mu bushyuhe igihe kirekire. Ugiye kongera gushyuha ibiryo bisigaye, byuzuze 165°F (74°C). Shyuha ibiryo inshuro imwe gusa, kandi niba byari muri firigo iminsi 3-4, ni byiza kubijugunya.

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo burasambanya?

Uburwayi bw'ibiryo ubwo bwabwo ntiburasambanya, ariko virusi n'imikoro zimwe na zimwe zibitera zishobora gusambanya. Norovirus, urugero, irasambanya cyane kandi ishobora gusambanya binyuze mu kubana cyangwa ibintu byanduye. Koga intoki ni ingenzi, cyane cyane nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero cyangwa mbere yo gutegura ibiryo. Siga mu rugo ku kazi cyangwa mu ishuri kugeza ubwo ibimenyetso bigiye mu masaha 24.

Ugomba gufata imiti igabanya impiswi mu gihe ufite uburwayi bw'ibiryo?

Ni byiza kureka impiswi ikagenda kuko ni uburyo umubiri wawe ukuramo imikoro mibi n'uburozi. Imiti igabanya impiswi rimwe na rimwe ishobora gufata uburozi mu mubiri igihe kirekire. Ariko, niba impiswi ikomeye kandi ikatera gukama umubiri, muganga ashobora kugutegeka kuyifata igihe gito. Buri gihe ubanze ubaze muganga mbere yo gufata imiti mu gihe ufite uburwayi bw'ibiryo.

Ni ryari ushobora gusubira kurya nk'ibisanzwe nyuma yo gukira uburwayi bw'ibiryo?

Urashobora gusubira kurya nk'ibisanzwe iyo ibimenyetso bigiye mu masaha 24-48 kandi ukumva utekanye. Tangira kurya ibiryo byoroshye nk'ibisuguti, pasta, cyangwa inyama zoroheje. Wirinda ibiryo birimo ibinyobwa, amavuta menshi, cyangwa amata iminsi mike kugeza umubiri wawe ukiriye. Tega amatwi umubiri wawe kandi ntukihute. Niba ibiryo bimwe bikubabaza, tegereza igihe kirekire mbere yo kubirya.