Amabuye mu gifu ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Amabuye mu gifu ni utuntu duto, dukomeye, tubikwa mu gifu cyawe, igice gito cy’umubiri kiri munsi y’umwijima wawe. Utekereza ko ari amabuye adakenewe ashobora kuvuka iyo ibintu biri mu mpisho yawe bidahwanye.

Gifu cyawe kibika imisho, umusemburo w’igogorwa ufasha gusenya amavuta ava mu byo urya. Iyo iyo misho irimo cholesterol nyinshi cyangwa ibindi bintu, ishobora gukomera ikaba amabuye kuva ku nto cyane kugeza ku nini cyane.

Ibimenyetso by’amabuye mu gifu ni ibihe?

Abantu benshi bafite amabuye mu gifu nta bimenyetso bagira, abaganga babita “amabuye mu gifu adafite ibimenyetso”. Ushobora kuyagira imyaka myinshi nta kibazo, kandi akenshi aboneka mu bipimo by’ubuzima bisanzwe.

Ariko, iyo amabuye mu gifu atangiye gutera ibimenyetso, akenshi itera ibyo bita igitero cy’igifu cyangwa ububabare mu gifu. Dore ibyo ushobora kumva muri ibyo bihe:

• Ububabare butunguranye kandi bukomeye mu gice cy’iburyo hejuru y’inda bushobora kumara iminota kugeza ku masaha menshi
• Ububabare bukwirakwira mu mugongo, mu gice cy’iburyo cy’ikibuno, cyangwa hagati y’amavi
• Isesemi no kuruka, cyane cyane nyuma yo kurya ibiryo birimo amavuta menshi
• Kubyimbagira no kumva ufite umubiri wuzuye
• Indwara y’igogorwa cyangwa kubabara umutima bidakira n’imiti isanzwe

Ububabare bukunze kubaho nyuma yo kurya ibiryo byinshi cyangwa birimo amavuta menshi kuko gifu cyawe gikomera kugira ngo gisohore imisho yo kugogora. Iyo ibuye ribujije uwo mucyo, ububabare bushobora kuba bukomeye cyane kandi bushobora kuza mu buryo bw’ibyiciro.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, ushobora kubona uruhu n’amaso yera (jaundice), inkari z’umukara, cyangwa umusemburo w’umweru. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibuye rishobora kuba rikingiye umuyoboro w’imisho, bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Ubwoko bw’amabuye mu gifu ni ubuhe?

Hari ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru bw’amabuye mu gifu, burimo buri bwoko bukorwa mu buryo butandukanye mu gifu cyawe. Gusobanukirwa ubwo bwoko bushobora gufasha gusobanura impamvu avuka n’uburyo ashobora kukugiraho ingaruka.

Amabuye ya cholesterol ni yo akunze kugaragara, agera kuri 80% y’amabuye yose mu gifu mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba. Aya mabuye yera avuka iyo imisho yawe irimo cholesterol nyinshi ugereranyije n’umunyu w’imisho kugira ngo ishobora kuyitera.

Amabuye y’umusemburo ntabwo akunze kugaragara ariko akunda gutera ibibazo. Aya mabuye y’umukara cyangwa umukara avuka iyo imisho yawe irimo bilirubin nyinshi, ibintu byavuye mu mpyiko z’amaraso y’umutuku. Akunda gutera ibibazo kandi akunze guhurirana n’uburwayi bumwe na bumwe.

Bamwe mu bantu bagira amabuye avangavanze arimo cholesterol n’umusemburo. Gake cyane, ushobora kugira amabuye ya calcium carbonate cyangwa calcium phosphate, nubwo ari make cyane.

Ni iki giterwa n’amabuye mu gifu?

Amabuye mu gifu avuka iyo ihwanye ry’ibintu biri mu misho yawe rihindutse. Iyo ihwanye rishobora kubaho kubera impamvu nyinshi zifitanye isano, kandi akenshi ibintu byinshi bikorera hamwe.

Impamvu isanzwe ikubiyemo kugira cholesterol nyinshi mu misho yawe. Iyo umwijima wawe utunganya cholesterol nyinshi ugereranyije n’imisho ishobora kuyitera, ibyinshi bishobora gukomera buhoro buhoro bikaba amabuye. Uwo mucyo ushobora kumara amezi cyangwa imyaka kugira ngo uboneke.

Dore ibintu by’ingenzi bishobora gutera amabuye mu gifu:

• Gifu cyawe kidasohoka neza cyangwa kenshi, bituma imisho ikomera
• Gutakaza ibiro byihuse cyangwa igisigara cy’inzara, bihindura uburyo umubiri wawe utunganya cholesterol
• Imiti imwe, cyane cyane irimo estrogen cyangwa imiti igabanya cholesterol
• Ibintu by’umurage bigira ingaruka ku buryo umubiri wawe utunganya cholesterol n’imisho
• Uburwayi nk’igisukari, indwara y’umwijima, cyangwa indwara z’amaraso ziyongera bilirubin

Ibyo urya bigira uruhare, nubwo ari bike ugereranyije n’uko abantu benshi babitekereza. Nubwo kurya ibiryo birimo amavuta menshi bidatera amabuye mu gifu, indyo irimo karubone nyinshi kandi irimo fibre nke ishobora gutera amabuye mu gifu mu gihe kirekire.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, amabuye mu gifu ashobora kuvuka kubera indwara mu muyoboro w’imisho, uburwayi bumwe na bumwe bw’umurage bugira ingaruka ku isenyuka ry’amaraso y’umutuku, cyangwa nk’ingaruka z’imirire y’imbere (iv feeding) ikoreshwa mu bitaro.

Ugomba kubona muganga kubera amabuye mu gifu ryari?

Ugomba gushaka ubuvuzi iyo ufite ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza amabuye mu gifu, cyane cyane iyo ububabare bukomeye cyangwa buhoraho. Ntugerageze “kwihangana” iyo ufite ububabare bukomeye mu nda.

Tegura gahunda yo kubona muganga iyo ubona ububabare bugaruka mu gice cy’iburyo cy’inda, cyane cyane nyuma yo kurya ibiryo birimo amavuta menshi. Nubwo ububabare buza bugenda, birakwiye kubivugana n’umuganga kugira ngo amenye icyabiteye kandi akumirinda ibibazo bishobora kuvuka.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa iyo ufite ibimenyetso by’uburyo bukurikira:

• Ububabare bukomeye mu nda budakira n’ikiruhuko cyangwa imiti igabanya ububabare
• Uruhu cyangwa amaso yera (jaundice)
• Uruhinja rukomeye hamwe n’imbeho, bishobora kugaragaza indwara
• Kurukira buhoraho bikubuza kunywa amazi
• Umusambiro w’umweru cyangwa inkari z’umukara

Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bikomeye nko gufunga umuyoboro w’imisho, indwara y’igifu, cyangwa kubyimbagira bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Ibyago byo kugira amabuye mu gifu ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kugira amabuye mu gifu, nubwo kugira ibyago bidakwizeza ko uzabibona. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bintu bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo byiza bijyanye n’ubuzima bwawe.

Bimwe mu byago udashobora guhindura birimo imyaka yawe, igitsina, n’umurage. Abagore bafite amahirwe kabiri yo kugira amabuye mu gifu ugereranyije n’abagabo, cyane cyane mu myaka yabo yo kubyara kubera ingaruka za estrogen ku gutunganya cholesterol. Ibyago byawe byiyongera uko ugira imyaka, cyane cyane nyuma y’imyaka 40.

Dore ibyago by’ingenzi byo kugira amabuye mu gifu:

• Kuba umugore, cyane cyane mu gihe utwite cyangwa ufata imiti igabanya imisemburo
• Amateka y’umuryango w’amabuye mu gifu, agaragaza umurage
• Ubumotsi, cyane cyane kugira ibiro byinshi mu gice cy’inda
• Gutakaza ibiro byihuse kubera indyo y’amahirwe cyangwa kubagwa
• Igisukari n’ubuhangane bwa insulin
• Ukoresha ibara rimwe, harimo n’abanyamerika kavukire n’abanyesipanyoli

Ibintu by’ubuzima bigira uruhare. Ubuzima butameze neza, indyo irimo karubone nyinshi kandi irimo fibre nke, no guhora ufite inzara bishobora gutera amabuye mu gifu. Imiti imwe, harimo imiti y’ubwirinzi n’imiti igabanya cholesterol, ishobora kongera ibyago byawe.

Ibyago bitoroshye birimo uburwayi bumwe na bumwe nka Crohn’s disease, cirrhosis, cyangwa indwara z’amaraso ziterwa no kongera isenyuka ry’amaraso y’umutuku. Abantu babagwe mu gifu cyangwa abafata imirire y’imbere igihe kirekire nabo bafite ibyago byinshi.

Ibibazo bishobora kuvuka kubera amabuye mu gifu ni ibihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bafite amabuye mu gifu batagira ibibazo, ibibazo bishobora kuvuka iyo amabuye abujije imisho cyangwa itera kubyimbagira. Ibyo bibazo, nubwo bitakunze kubaho, bishobora kuba bikomeye kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Ikibazo gikunze kubaho ni acute cholecystitis, ari yo kubyimbagira kw’igicucu cy’igifu. Ibi bibaho iyo ibuye rikingiye umuyoboro w’igifu, bituma imisho isubira inyuma kandi gifu kibyimbagira.

Dore ibibazo by’ingenzi bishobora kuvuka:

• Indwara y’igifu (cholangitis), ishobora gutera umuriro, imbeho, n’ububabare bukomeye
• Guhinda umuyoboro w’imisho (choledocholithiasis), bituma haba jaundice n’ibibazo by’umwijima
• Pancreatitis, iyo ibuye rikingiye umuyoboro wa pancreas aho uhurira n’umuyoboro w’imisho
• Guturika kw’igifu mu bihe bikomeye by’ubyimbagira budakira
• Gallstone ileus, aho ibuye rinini rikingiye amafuru

Ibyo bibazo bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa kandi akenshi ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa. Inkuru nziza ni uko, hamwe n’ubuvuzi bukwiye, ibibazo byinshi bishobora kuvurwa neza nta ngaruka z’igihe kirekire.

Mu bihe bitoroshye cyane, kubyimbagira kw’igifu igihe kirekire bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’igifu, nubwo ari bike cyane. Abantu bafite uburwayi bwitwa porcelain gallbladder, aho igicucu cy’igifu gikomera, bafite ibyago bike byo kurwara kanseri.

Amabuye mu gifu ashobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda amabuye yose mu gifu, cyane cyane arebana n’umurage cyangwa igitsina, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago byawe. Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ugukomeza ubuzima buzima bufasha gutunganya imisho neza no gukora neza kw’igifu.

Kugira ibiro bizima ni imwe mu ngamba z’ingenzi zo kwirinda. Ariko, wirinda gutakaza ibiro byihuse kubera indyo y’amahirwe, kuko bishobora kongera ibyago byawe byo kugira amabuye mu gifu. Gerageza gutakaza ibiro buhoro buhoro, ibiro 1-2 mu cyumweru, niba ukeneye gutakaza ibiro.

Dore ingamba zishingiye ku bimenyetso zishobora gufasha kwirinda amabuye mu gifu:

• Kurya ibiryo bisanzwe kugira ngo gifu cyawe gikomeze gusohoka neza
• Kwinjiza amavuta azima nka olive oil, imyumbati, n’amafi mu byo urya
• Guhitamo ibinyampeke byuzuye ugereranyije na karubone
• Kuguma ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri
• Kugira fibre ihagije binyuze mu mboga, imbuto, n’ibinyampeke byuzuye

Ubushakashatsi bumwe bugaragaza ko kunywa kawa mu rugero rutari rwinshi no kurya imyumbati buri gihe bishobora kurinda, nubwo ubushakashatsi bwinshi bukenewe kugira ngo byemezwe.

Niba uri mu kaga kubera ibintu nko kugira amateka y’umuryango cyangwa uburwayi bumwe na bumwe, vugana n’umuganga wawe ku ngamba zo kwirinda. Bashobora kugutegeka guhindura indyo cyangwa gukurikirana hafi.

Amabuye mu gifu apimwa ate?

Gupima amabuye mu gifu bisanzwe bitangira umuganga wawe yumvise ibimenyetso byawe akakora isuzuma ry’umubiri. Azakubaza ibyerekeye uburyo ububabare bwawe bumeze, igihe ibimenyetso bigaragara, n’ibintu byose bibyiza cyangwa bibibi.

Isuzuma risanzwe kandi ryiza cyane ryo gupima amabuye mu gifu ni ultrasound y’inda. Ubu buryo budatera ububabare bukoresha amajwi yo gukora amashusho y’igifu cyawe kandi bushobora kubona amabuye mato cyane.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka ibindi bipimo byongeyeho:

• Isuzuma ry’amaraso kugira ngo arebe ibimenyetso by’indwara, kubyimbagira, cyangwa gufunga umuyoboro w’imisho
• CT scan kugira ngo abone ishusho irambuye, cyane cyane iyo hakekwa ibibazo
• HIDA scan, ikurikirana imisho n’imikorere y’igifu
• Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) kugira ngo isuzuma imiyoboro y’imisho
• Uburyo bwo kubaga iyo hakekwa amabuye mu muyoboro w’imisho

Rimwe na rimwe amabuye mu gifu aboneka mu buryo butunguranye mu bipimo by’ibindi bibazo. Niba udafite ibimenyetso, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka gukurikirana aho kuvura ako kanya.

Uburyo bwo gupima busanzwe burasobanutse, kandi abantu benshi babona ibisubizo byumvikana vuba. Ikipe yawe y’ubuvuzi izagusobanurira buri suzuma n’icyo ibisubizo bisobanura ku mimerere yawe.

Ubuvuzi bw’amabuye mu gifu ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bw’amabuye mu gifu biterwa n’uko atera ibimenyetso. Niba ufite amabuye mu gifu adakubabaza, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka “gukurikirana” no gukurikirana hafi.

Kubera amabuye mu gifu atera ibimenyetso, kubaga no gukuraho gifu (cholecystectomy) ni ubuvuzi bwiza kandi bukunze gusabwa. Ibi bishobora gutera impungenge, ariko umubiri wawe ushobora gukora neza nta gifu.

Dore uburyo nyamukuru bw’ubuvuzi muganga wawe ashobora kukuvugishaho:

• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, kubaga bidakomeye bikoresha ibikomere bito
• Open cholecystectomy kubera ibibazo bikomeye cyangwa iyo hari ibibazo
• Imiti yo gusenya amabuye ya cholesterol, nubwo bikorwa buhoro kandi amabuye akenshi asubira
• Extracorporeal shock wave therapy yo gutera amabuye, gake cyane ikoreshwa muri iki gihe
• Uburyo bwo kubaga kugira ngo bakureho amabuye mu muyoboro w’imisho

Kubaga laparoscopic bikorwa binyuze mu bikomere bito bikoresha camera nto n’ibikoresho byihariye. Abantu benshi bataha umunsi umwe cyangwa nyuma yo kurara ijoro rimwe kandi bagaruka mu mirimo isanzwe mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.

Mu bihe bitoroshye aho kubaga bidashoboka kubera ubundi burwayi, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ububabare n’impinduka mu byo urya, nubwo bitavura ikibazo nyamukuru.

Urashobora gucunga amabuye mu gifu mu rugo ute?

Nubwo ubuvuzi bw’i mu rugo budashobora gukiza amabuye mu gifu, ushobora gufata ingamba zo gucunga ibimenyetso no kugabanya amahirwe yo kugira ububabare. Izo ngamba zikora neza hamwe n’ubuvuzi bw’umwuga, si ukubisimbuza.

Mu gihe cy’ububabare bukomeye, gushyira ubushyuhe mu gice cy’iburyo cy’inda bishobora gufasha. Ubushyuhe cyangwa imashini y’ubushyuhe ishobora gufasha kwiruhura imikaya no kugabanya ububabare, ariko witonde kudatwika uruhu rwawe.

Dore ingamba zo gucunga mu rugo zishobora gufasha:

• Kwirinda ibiryo birimo amavuta menshi, amavuta menshi, cyangwa ibiryo byagoretswe bishobora gutera gifu gukomera
• Kurya ibiryo bito, byinshi ugereranyije n’ibiribwa binini
• Kunywa amazi ahagije umunsi wose
• Gufata imiti igabanya ububabare nka acetaminophen kubera ububabare buke
• Gukora imyitozo yo kugabanya umunaniro, kuko umunaniro ushobora kongera ibimenyetso by’igogorwa

Bamwe mu bantu basanga ibiryo bimwe na bimwe bihora bitera ibimenyetso byabo. Kugira ibitabo by’ibyo urya bishobora kugufasha kumenya no kwirinda ibyo bikuratera.

Wibuke ko ububabare bukomeye, umuriro, cyangwa jaundice bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa kandi bidakwiye gucungwa mu rugo. Ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bikomeye bisaba ubuvuzi bw’umwuga.

Wagomba gutegura uko ugiye kwa muganga ute?

Gutegura uko ugiye kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha kubona byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi bikaba byizewe ko muganga wawe afite amakuru yose akenewe kugufasha. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe, harimo igihe bigaragara n’ibintu bisa nkaho bibitera.

Komeza ibitabo by’ibimenyetso byawe iminsi mike mbere yo kujya kwa muganga niba bishoboka. Andika ibyo warize, igihe ububabare bwatangiye, igihe cyamaranye, n’uburemere bwabwo ku kigero cya 1 kugeza kuri 10. Aya makuru afite akamaro cyane mu gupima.

Zana ibi bintu by’ingenzi mu ruzinduko rwawe:

• Urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti yose, ibintu byongewemo, na vitamine ufata
• Ibitabo byawe by’ibimenyetso hamwe n’amatariki, amasaha, n’ibisobanuro by’ububabare
• Amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango, cyane cyane ku bibazo by’igifu cyangwa umwijima
• Amakuru y’ubwisungane n’ibyangombwa byose byasabwe
• Urutonde rw’ibibazo ushaka kubaza muganga wawe

Tegura ibibazo byihariye ku burwayi bwawe, uburyo bwo kuvura, n’icyo ugomba kwitega. Ntuzuyaze kubaza icyo udasobanukiwe, harimo ibyago n’inyungu z’uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura.

Tegereza kuzana inshuti cyangwa umuryango wawe kugira ngo bagufashe kwibuka amakuru y’ingenzi kandi bagufashe. Bashobora kandi kugufasha gutekereza ku bibazo ushobora kwibagirwa kubaza.

Icyo ugomba kumenya cyane ku ma buye mu gifu ni iki?

Amabuye mu gifu ni asanzwe cyane, akaba afite abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, kandi abenshi nta bimenyetso bagira. Niba ufite ibimenyetso, ubuvuzi burasobanutse buhari bushobora gutanga ihumure ryuzuye kandi bukagabanya ibibazo.

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko ibimenyetso by’amabuye mu gifu bidakwiye kwirengagizwa, cyane cyane iyo bikomeye cyangwa bigarukira. Nubwo amabuye mu gifu ubwayo atari akomeye, ibibazo bishobora gutera bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Ubuvuzi bugezweho, cyane cyane gukuraho gifu hakoreshejwe kubaga laparoscopic, ni bwiza kandi bugira ingaruka nziza. Abantu benshi bakuraho gifu bakomeza kubaho ubuzima busanzwe nta mirire yihariye cyangwa ibibazo bikomeza.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’amabuye mu gifu, ntutinye kuvugana n’umuganga wawe. Gupima hakiri kare no kuvurwa neza bishobora kwirinda ibibazo kandi bikagufasha kumva neza.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku ma buye mu gifu

Urashobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe udafite gifu?

Yego, ushobora kubaho ubuzima busanzwe udafite gifu. Umwijima wawe ukomeza gutunganya imisho, ijyana mu gifu gito aho kubikwa. Abantu benshi nta mirire yihariye cyangwa ibibazo by’igogorwa bagira nyuma yo gukuraho gifu.

Amabuye mu gifu ahora asaba kubagwa?

Oya, kubagwa bisabwa gusa ku ma buye mu gifu atera ibimenyetso cyangwa ibibazo. Abantu benshi bafite amabuye mu gifu adatera ibibazo kandi adasaba ubuvuzi. Muganga wawe azakugira inama yo kubagwa gusa niba amabuye mu gifu atera ububabare, indwara, cyangwa ibindi bibazo.

Ibyo urya byonyine bishobora gusenya amabuye mu gifu?

Ikibabaje ni uko guhindura ibyo urya byonyine bidashobora gusenya amabuye mu gifu. Nubwo imiti imwe ishobora rimwe na rimwe gusenya amabuye mato ya cholesterol, uwo mucyo ni muhoro kandi amabuye akenshi asubira. Ariko, indyo nzima ishobora gufasha kwirinda amabuye mashya kandi ishobora kugabanya uburemere bw’ibimenyetso.

Kubagwa gifu bimamara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ukire?

Gukira nyuma yo kubagwa gifu hakoreshejwe kubaga laparoscopic bisanzwe bihita. Abantu benshi bagaruka mu mirimo isanzwe mu cyumweru kimwe kandi bashobora kongera gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no gutwara ibiremereye nyuma y’ibyumweru 2-3. Kubagwa bikomeye bisaba igihe kirekire cyo gukira cy’ibyumweru 4-6, ariko ubu buryo bukunze gukoreshwa gake.

Hariho ibimenyetso by’uburyo amabuye mu gifu aba akomeye?

Yego, shaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa niba ufite ububabare bukomeye mu nda budakira, uruhu cyangwa amaso yera, umuriro mwinshi hamwe n’imbeho, cyangwa kurukira buhoraho. Ibyo bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bikomeye nko gufunga umuyoboro w’imisho cyangwa indwara y’igifu bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.