Gangrene

Gangrene ni urupfu rw'ingingo z'umubiri bitewe n'ibura ry'amaraso cyangwa indwara ikomeye y'ubwandu bwa bagiteri. Gangrene ikunda kwibasira amaboko n'amaguru, harimo n'intoki n'ibirenge. Ishobora kandi kugaragara mu mitsi no mu ngingo zo mu mubiri, nka gallbladder.

Uburwayi bushobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso no kugira ingaruka ku mitemberere y'amaraso, nka diyabete cyangwa arteri zikomeye (atherosclerosis), byongera ibyago bya gangrene.

Ubuvuzi bwa gangrene bushobora kuba harimo antibiotike, oxygen therapy, na oprasiyoni yo gusubiza amaraso mu mimerere myiza no gukuraho ingingo zapfuye. Uko gangrene imenyekanye kandi ikavurwa hakiri kare, ni ko amahirwe yo gukira aba menshi.

Iyo gangrene ikozwe ku ruhu, ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bishobora kuba birimo:

• Guhinduka kw'irangi ry'uruhu — kuva ku ibara ryera ryijimye kugeza kuri ubururu, umutuku, umukara, umuringa cyangwa umutuku
• Kubyimba
• Ibibyimba bito
• Kubabara cyane kudasubira inyuma bikurikirwa n'ubupfapfa
• Ibintu bifite impumuro mbi biva mu kibyimba
• Uruhu rworoshye, rwirabura, cyangwa uruhu rudafite umusatsi
• Uruhu rumera nk'ubukonje cyangwa ububabare

Niba gangrene ikora ku mubiri uri munsi y'uruhu, nka gangrene y'umwuka cyangwa gangrene yo imbere, ushobora kugira umuriro muke kandi ukumva utameze neza muri rusange.

Niba mikorobe yatangije gangrene ikwirakwira mu mubiri, uburwayi bwitwa septic shock bushobora kubaho. Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bya septic shock birimo:

• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi
• Umuriro, nubwo bamwe bashobora kugira ubushyuhe bw'umubiri buri munsi ya 98.6 F (37 C)
• Umurthyankuru wihuta
• Kugira ubwoba
• Guhumeka nabi
• Kudashishoza

Gangrene ni indwara ikomeye kandi isaba ubuvuzi bwihuse. Hamagara umuvuzi wawe vuba ubonye ububabare budashira, budasobanuka mu gice icyo ari cyo cyose cy'umubiri wawe hamwe n'ikimenyetso kimwe cyangwa birebire muri ibi bikurikira:

• Urufurire rudashira
• Impinduka z'uruhu — harimo guhinduka ibara, ubushyuhe, kubyimba, amatembabuzi cyangwa ibikomere — bidashira
• Ibintu bifite impumuro mbi bivuye mu kibyimba
• Ububabare butunguranye aho habaye kubagwa cyangwa imvune vuba aha
• Uruhu rwera, rukomeye, rukeye kandi rudafite ubwenge

Ibitera gangrene birimo:

• Kubura amaraso. Amaraso atanga umwuka n'ibintu by'ingenzi umubiri ukeneye. Atanga kandi umubiri ubwirinzi bwo kurwanya indwara. Iyo amaraso adahagije, uturemangingo ntidupfa gukora, maze imyanya y'umubiri ikapfa.
• Dukuri. Dukuri zitavuwe zishobora gutera gangrene.
• Imvune ikomeye. Ibikomere by'amasasu cyangwa imvune zikomereye ziterwa n'impanuka z'imodoka zishobora gutera ibikomere bifunguye bituma mikorobe zinjirira mu mubiri. Niba izo mikorobe zandura imyanya y'umubiri kandi ntizivuwe, gangrene ishobora kubaho.

Ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago bya gangrene birimo:

• Diabete. Ibiyiko byinshi by'isukari bishobora amaherezo kwangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso. Kwangirika kw'imijyana y'amaraso bishobora kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika umusaruro w'amaraso ujya mu gice cy'umubiri.
• Indwara y'imijyana y'amaraso. Imitsi ikomeye kandi yagabanutse (atherosclerosis) n'ibitonyanga by'amaraso bishobora guhagarika umusaruro w'amaraso ujya mu gice cy'umubiri.
• Imvune ikomeye cyangwa kubagwa. Icyo ari cyo cyose giterwa n'ubukomere ku ruhu no ku mitsi iri munsi, harimo no gukonjeshwa cyane, byongera ibyago bya gangrene. Ibyago birushaho kuba byinshi ufite uburwayi bujyanye n'umusaruro w'amaraso ujya mu gice cyakomerekeye.
• Itabi. Abantu barunda itabi bafite ibyago byinshi bya gangrene.
• Gukama. Kuremerewa bishobora gukanda imitsi, bigatuma umusaruro w'amaraso ugabanuka kandi bikongera ibyago by'indwara n'ubuvuzi bubi bw'ibikomere.
• Guhagarika ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Chemotherapy, radiation na zimwe mu ndwara, nka virusi itera SIDA (HIV), bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'umubiri bwo kurwanya indwara.
• Injishi. Gake, imiti iterwa mu mubiri yagaragaye ko ifitanye isano n'indwara iterwa na bagiteri ziterwa gangrene.
• Ingaruka z'indwara ya coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Hari raporo nke z'abantu babonye gangrene yumye mu myanya yabo y'intoki n'ibirenge nyuma yo kugira ibibazo by'amaraso bifitanye isano na COVID-19 (coagulopathy). Ubushakashatsi bwinshi burakenewe kugira ngo hemezwe iyi sano.

Gangrene ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye niba idakurikiranwe vuba. Udukoko twangiza umubiri dushobora gukwirakwira vuba mu bindi bice by'umubiri n'imigongo. Ushobora kuzasibwa igice cy'umubiri (kubagwa) kugira ngo urokowe. Kuvura igice cyanduye bishobora gutera inkovu cyangwa hakabaho kubagwa gusana.

Dore uburyo bwose bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura gangrene:

• Genzura diyabete. Niba ufite diyabete, ni ngombwa kugenzura urwego rw'isukari mu maraso yawe. Kandi menya ko ugenzura intoki namaguru yawe buri munsi kugira ngo urebe niba hari ibikomere, ibyondo n'ibimenyetso by'indwara, nka kurwara, kubyimba cyangwa gucika. Saba umuvuzi wawe kugenzura intoki namaguru yawe byibuze rimwe mu mwaka.
• Gucura umubyibuho. Ibiro byinshi byongera ibyago bya diyabete. Ibiro kandi byongera umuvuduko ku mitsi, bigatuma amaraso agenda arafata. Kugabanuka kw'amaraso byongera ibyago by'indwara kandi bituma ibikomere bikira buhoro.
• Ntukore cyangwa ntukoreshe itabi. Itabi rimaze igihe kirekire rigira ingaruka mbi ku mitsi y'amaraso.
• Koga intoki. Kora isuku nziza. Koga ibikomere byose ufite hamwe n'isabune nziza n'amazi. Komereza intoki zishazwe kandi zumye kugeza zakize.
• Suzuma imikuku. Imikuku igabanya amaraso mu gice cy'umubiri cyakozweho. Niba ufite uruhu rwera, rukomeye, rukeye kandi rudafite ubwenge nyuma yo kuba mu bushyuhe buke, hamagara umuvuzi wawe.

Ibizamini bifashishwa mu gusobanura gangrene birimo:

• Ibizamini by'amaraso. Umubare munini w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yera akenshi ni ikimenyetso cy'ubwandu. Ibindi bipimo by'amaraso bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari udukoko runaka n'izindi mikorobe.
• Umuco w'umusemburo cyangwa w'umubiri. Ibizamini bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari udukoko mu mubiri mu kigero cyavuye mu kibyimba cy'uruhu. Agacanta gato k'umubiri gashobora kurebwa kuri mikoroskopi kugira ngo harebwe ibimenyetso by'urupfu rw'uturemangingo.
• Ibizamini byo kubona amashusho. X-rays, computerized tomography (CT) scans na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans bishobora kwerekana imyanya y'imbere y'umubiri, imiyoboro y'amaraso n'amagufwa. Ibi bipimo bishobora gufasha kwerekana aho gangrene yageze mu mubiri.
• Ubuganga. Ubuganga bushobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe neza imbere y'umubiri kandi hamenyekane ingano y'umubiri wanduye.