Icyo kwandura kwa Giardia ari cyo? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n’Ubuvuzi

Kwandura kwa Giardia ni indwara isanzwe y’amara iterwa n’udukoko duto cyane twitwa Giardia lamblia. Uyu mubuduko uba mu mazi yanduye kandi ushobora kugutera indwara ikomeye y’igogorwa, ikunze kumera nk’uburwayi bw’inda budakira.

Ushobora kwandura iyi ndwara unyoye amazi ataravuzwe igihe uri mu rugendo, ugahahama mu biyaga, cyangwa ukarya ibyo kurya byanduye. Inkuru nziza ni uko kwandura kwa Giardia kuvurwa neza hakoreshejwe imiti ikwiye, kandi abantu benshi barakira batagize ibibazo by’igihe kirekire.

Icyo kwandura kwa Giardia ari cyo?

Kwandura kwa Giardia, bizwi kandi nka giardiasis, bibaho iyo udukoko duto cyane twitwa Giardia lamblia twigaruriye urwungano rw’igogorwa rwawe. Aya dukoko mato cyane yiyambika ku rukuta rw’urugo rw’amara maze akabuza umubiri wawe gufata intungamubiri neza.

Udukoko tuba mu buryo bubiri bubafasha kubaho no gukwirakwira. Uburyo bukora, bwitwa trophozoite, tuba kandi bugakwirakwira mu mara yawe. Iyo ibintu bigoye, bihinduka mu bundi buryo bwitwa cyst, bukora nk’agakira kabungabunga gashobora kubaho hanze y’umubiri igihe kirekire mu mazi cyangwa mu butaka.

Iyi ndwara igera kuri miliyoni z’abantu ku isi buri mwaka. Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kwandura Giardia, ni cyane cyane isanzwe mu bice bafite isuku nke, ahantu hatuye abantu benshi, cyangwa aho amazi meza adahari.

Ibimenyetso byo kwandura kwa Giardia ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya Giardia bikunze kugaragara nyuma y’ibyumweru kimwe kugeza kuri bitatu umaze kwandura udukoko. Ariko kandi, bamwe bashobora kubona ibimenyetso vuba cyane mu minsi mike cyangwa nyuma y’ibyumweru byinshi umaze kwandura.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kubona birimo:

• Impiswi y’amazi, ifite impumuro mbi, ishobora kumera nk’amavuta cyangwa ifite amabumba
• Kubabara mu nda, cyane cyane mu gice cy’inda cyo hejuru
• Kubyimbagira mu nda no guhumeka cyane bishobora gutera ikibazo
• Isesemi iza igenda umunsi wose
• Uburwayi no kumva utameze neza
• Kubura ubwishyu n’igabanuka ry’ibiro bitateganijwe

Bamwe bagira ibindi bimenyetso bishobora gutera ubu burwayi. Ushobora kubona umutwe, umuriro muke, cyangwa kumva udashoboye. Impiswi ikunze kugira impumuro nk’iya sulfure, benshi babona ko ari mbi.

Ni byiza kumenya ko atari abantu bose bafite kwandura kwa Giardia bagira ibimenyetso. Bamwe bashobora gutwara udukoko batarwara, nubwo bashobora kubwanduza abandi. Ibi ni byinshi mu bakuru kurusha abana.

Icyateye kwandura kwa Giardia ni iki?

Kwandura kwa Giardia bihererekanywa mu nzira abaganga bita fecal-oral. Ibi bivuze ko udukoko duhererekanywa kuva mu mpiswi yanduye ku kanwa kawe, akenshi binyuze mu mazi yanduye, ibiryo, cyangwa ibintu byanduye.

Uburyo busanzwe ushobora kwanduramo iyi ndwara harimo:

• Kunywesha amazi ataravuzwe ava mu biyaga, imigezi, imiyaga, cyangwa imiyoboro y’amazi
• Koga mu mazi yanduye, mu mazi ashyushye, cyangwa mu mazi yo mu buryo bw’umwimerere
• Kurya ibiryo bishya cyangwa bitateguwe neza byasukuwe n’amazi yanduye
• Kugira aho uhurira n’abantu banduye, cyane cyane mu gihe uhinduye udupfukamunwa
• Gukora ku bintu byanduye hanyuma ugakora ku kanwa kawe

Amazi ni yo ntandaro ikomeye mu gihe cyo kwanduza Giardia. Uburyo bwa cyst bw’udukoko bushobora kubaho mu mazi akonje igihe kirekire, ndetse no mu mazi yo koga asukuwe niba urugero rwa chlorine rutari rwo.

Guhererekanya hagati y’abantu ni byo bisanzwe, cyane cyane mu ngo, mu bigo byita ku bana, cyangwa mu bigo byita ku bantu bakuze. Udukoko dushobora gukwirakwira byoroshye igihe abantu badasukura intoki neza, cyane cyane nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero cyangwa guhindura udupfukamunwa.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera kwandura kwa Giardia?

Ukwiye kuvugana n’umuganga wawe niba ufite impiswi idakira igihe kirekire, cyane cyane niba ifatanije n’ububabare mu nda cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso by’igogorwa. Ubuvuzi bwihuse bushobora kugufasha kumva wishimye vuba kandi bikarinda ingaruka.

Shaka ubufasha bw’abaganga vuba niba ubona ibimenyetso bikurikira:

• Kumara umubiri cyane kubera impiswi n’ubutabazi bw’amazi
• Amaraso mu mpiswi cyangwa ububabare bukomeye mu nda
• Umuriro ukabije urenze 101.5°F (38.6°C)
• Ibimenyetso byo kugabanuka cyane kw’ibiro cyangwa imirire mibi
• Ibimenyetso bikomeza igihe kirekire kurusha ibyumweru bibiri

Abana, abantu bakuze, n’abafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bugufi bagomba kujya kwa muganga vuba bishoboka. Iyi matsinda ashobora kurwara cyane kandi ashobora gukenera gukurikiranwa hafi mu gihe cyo kuvurwa.

Niba uherutse kujya mu gace gafite isuku nke cyangwa wahuye n’amazi ashobora kuba yanduye, ubwire umuganga wawe. Aya makuru amufasha gutekereza ko Giardia ishobora kuba ari yo yateye ibimenyetso byawe.

Ibyago byo kwandura Giardia ni ibihe?

Uburyo bumwe na bumwe n’ibikorwa bishobora kongera amahirwe yo guhura n’udukoko twa Giardia. Gusobanukirwa ibi byago bishobora kugufasha gufata ingamba zikwiye kugirango wirinde wowe n’umuryango wawe.

Ibyago bisanzwe byongera ibyago byo kwandura birimo:

• Kujya mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere aho amazi ataravuzwe neza
• Kurara mu birindiro, kujya mu birindiro, cyangwa kujya mu ngendo aho ushobora kunywa amazi ataravuzwe
• Gukora mu bigo byita ku bana cyangwa kwita ku bana bato
• Kuba mu hantu hatuye abantu benshi nka za kaminuza cyangwa amazu y’abantu benshi
• Kugira ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bugufi kubera indwara cyangwa imiti
• Kuba umugabo ararana n’abagabo

Abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu bafite ibyago byinshi kuko bakunda gushyira ibintu byanduye mu kanwa kandi bashobora kutamenya gusukura intoki neza. Ibikorwa byita ku bana bishobora kuba ahantu hakwiriye kwandura igihe umwana umwe arwaye.

Abantu bafite uburwayi bumwe na bumwe nabo bafite ibyago byinshi. Ibi birimo abafite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bugufi, uburwayi bw’igogorwa buhoraho, cyangwa abantu bafata imiti igabanya aside mu gifu.

Ingaruka zishoboka zo kwandura Giardia ni izihe?

Nubwo abantu benshi bakira kwandura kwa Giardia batagize ibibazo by’igihe kirekire, zimwe mu ngaruka zishobora kubaho, cyane cyane niba indwara idakize cyangwa ikaba ihoraho. Gusobanukirwa ibi bishoboka bigufasha kumenya igihe ukeneye ubufasha bw’abaganga.

Ingaruka zisanzwe ushobora guhura nazo harimo:

• Kumara umubiri kubera impiswi ihoraho no kubura amazi
• Kudakorwa neza kwa lactose bishobora kumara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi
• Kudafata intungamubiri neza bigatera ibura rya vitamine n’imyunyu ngugu
• Igabanuka rikomeye ry’ibiro n’ibibazo by’imirire
• Giardiasis ihoraho ifite ibibazo by’igogorwa bihoraho

Kumara umubiri ni cyo kibazo cya mbere, cyane cyane mu bana bato n’abantu bakuze. Umubiri wawe ubuza amazi n’imyunyu ngugu ikenewe binyuze mu mpiswi nyinshi, ibyo bishobora gutera intege nke, guhindagurika, n’ibindi bibazo bikomeye.

Bamwe barwara icyo bita kudakorwa neza kwa lactose. Indwara yangiza uturemangingo mu mara yawe dukora lactase, enzyme ikenewe kugira ngo igogore isukari yo mu mata. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora gukenera kwirinda ibiryo byakozwe amata ibyumweru cyangwa amezi kugira ngo amara yawe akire.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, Giardiasis ihoraho ishobora kubaho iyo indwara ikomeza amezi menshi. Ubu burwayi buhoraho bushobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye byo kudafata intungamubiri neza no kubura intungamubiri bikomeye bisaba ubufasha bw’abaganga b’inzobere.

Kwimakaza kwandura kwa Giardia bishoboka gute?

Uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda kwandura kwa Giardia ni ukwitondera umutekano w’amazi no gukora isuku nziza. Aya ntambwe yoroshye ishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo guhura n’udukoko mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Ingamba z’ingenzi zo kwirinda harimo:

• Kunywesha amazi yavuzwe, amazi afunzwe, cyangwa amazi abitswe neza igihe uri mu rugendo
• Kwima amatafari y’amazi n’ibiryo bishya byasukuwe n’amazi yo mu muyoboro mu duce dufite amazi adahari
• Gusukura intoki neza n’isabune igihe kigera ku masegonda 20
• Gukoresha imiti yo gusukura amazi cyangwa ibirungo igihe uri mu birindiro cyangwa uri mu ngendo
• Kwima kunywa amazi igihe uri koga mu mazi yo koga, mu biyaga, cyangwa mu migezi
• Gukora isuku y’ibiryo neza no guteka ku bushyuhe bukwiye

Igihe uri mu bice by’ubutaka, fata amazi yose nk’ayanduye. Guteka amazi iminota igera kuri imwe bica udukoko twa Giardia neza. Imiti yo gusukura amazi irimo iyode cyangwa chlorine dioxide ikora neza, nubwo ishobora gutinda kugira akamaro.

Isuku y’intoki iba ikomeye cyane niba uri kwita ku muntu urwaye Giardia cyangwa ukora mu bigo bifite ibyago byinshi nka za kaminuza. Sukura intoki nyuma yo kujya mu bwiherero, guhindura udupfukamunwa, no mbere yo kurya cyangwa gutegura ibiryo.

Kwipimisha kwandura kwa Giardia bikorwa gute?

Umuganga wawe azatangira akubajije ibimenyetso byawe, uko uherutse kugenda, n’aho ushobora kuba wahuye n’amazi yanduye cyangwa abantu banduye. Aya makuru amufasha kumenya niba gupima Giardia ari ngombwa mu mimerere yawe.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima Giardia ni ugupima urugero rw’impiswi. Umuganga wawe azagusaba gukusanya urugero ruto rw’impiswi yawe mu gikombe cyihariye, hanyuma rikajyanwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo harebwe niba hari udukoko.

Rimwe na rimwe, hari ubwo hakenerwa ibipimo byinshi by’impiswi kuko udukoko twa Giardia tuba buri gihe mu mpiswi zose. Umuganga wawe ashobora gusaba ibipimo byakusanyijwe mu minsi itandukanye kugira ngo yongere amahirwe yo kubona indwara.

Laboratwari zigezweho zikunze gukoresha uburyo bugezweho nko gupima antijene cyangwa gupima PCR. Aya maburyo ashobora kumenya poroteyine za Giardia cyangwa ibintu by’umutungo w’umubiri nubwo udukoko nyirizina utugaragara kuri mikoroskopi, bituma gupima byoroshye.

Rimwe na rimwe, umuganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka ibizamini by’amaraso kugira ngo arebe niba hari ibimenyetso byo kumara umubiri cyangwa ibura ry’imirire, cyane cyane niba umaze igihe kirekire urwaye.

Ubuvuzi bwa Giardia ni buhe?

Kwandura kwa Giardia bivurwa neza hakoreshejwe imiti ihangana n’udukoko ituma udukoko dupfa mu mara yawe. Umuganga wawe azagutegurira imiti ikwiye hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe, amateka yawe y’ubuzima, n’izindi ndwara ushobora kuba ufite.

Imiti ikunze kuvurwa harimo:

• Metronidazole (Flagyl), ikunze gufatwa iminsi 5-7
• Tinidazole (Tindamax), ikunze guhabwa dose imwe
• Nitazoxanide (Alinia), ikunze gufatwa iminsi 3

Abantu benshi batangira kumva bameze neza mu minsi mike batangiye kuvurwa, nubwo gukira burundu bishobora gutwara icyumweru cyangwa bibiri. Ni ngombwa gufata imiti yose nk’uko yategetswe, nubwo utangiye kumva wishimye mbere yo kurangiza imiti yose.

Umuganga wawe ashobora kandi kugutegurira ubundi buvuzi kugira ngo bugufashe guhangana n’ibimenyetso byawe mu gihe imiti ikora. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo probiotics kugira ngo zifashe gusubizaho bagiteri nziza mu mara cyangwa amabwiriza yihariye yo kurya kugira ngo bigabanye ibibazo by’igogorwa.

Niba utakaza neza imiti ya mbere, umuganga wawe ashobora kugerageza indi miti ihangana n’udukoko. Zimwe mu ndwara za Giardia zishobora kurwanya imiti imwe, bityo kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye rimwe na rimwe bisaba igeragezwa n’uburyo.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe ufite kwandura kwa Giardia

Nubwo imiti ivura indwara nyamukuru, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora iwawe kugira ngo wumve wishimye kandi ugire uruhare mu gukira kwawe. Aya mabwiriza yo kwitaho umubiri agamije kuguma ufite amazi ahagije no guha urwungano rw’igogorwa rwawe amahirwe yo gukira.

Intambwe z’ingenzi zo kwitaho umubiri iwawe harimo:

• Kunywesha amazi menshi meza nka amazi, amasupu meza, cyangwa ibintu byongera amazi mu mubiri
• Kurya ibiryo byoroshye, byoroshye kugogora nka bananes, umuceri, umugati, n’ibitoki
• Kwima ibiryo byakozwe amata, ibiryo bifite amavuta menshi, n’ibiryo bifite fibre nyinshi by’igihe gito
• Kuryama bihagije kugira ngo umubiri wawe urwanye indwara
• Gufata imiti yo kongera amazi mu mubiri niba ari ngombwa

Kuguma ufite amazi ahagije ni cyo kintu cya mbere, cyane cyane niba ufite impiswi ihoraho. Nywa amazi buhoro buhoro umunsi wose aho kugerageza kunywa menshi icyarimwe, ibyo bishobora gutera isesemi.

Iyo uje kurya, tanga utangire utya ibiryo byoroshye hanyuma utangire uhindure ibindi biryo igihe wumva wishimye. Abantu benshi basanga kwirinda ibiryo byakozwe amata ibyumweru byinshi bifasha kwirinda ibibazo by’igogorwa.

Kwima imiti igabanya impiswi keretse niba umuganga wawe ayikugiriye inama. Iyi miti rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutera kwandura kwa Giardia kuba kibi cyane kubera ko irindiriza udukoko mu mubiri igihe kirekire.

Uko wakwitegura igihe ugiye kwa muganga

Kwitoza neza igihe ugiye kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Gukusanya amakuru mbere y’igihe bituma inama iba nziza kuri wowe n’umuganga wawe.

Mbere y’inama, andika:

• Igihe ibimenyetso byawe byatangiye n’uko byahindutse uko iminsi igenda
• Imiti yose n’ibindi bintu ufashe
• Uko uherutse kugenda, cyane cyane mu duce amazi adahari
• Aho ushobora kuba wahuye n’amazi yanduye cyangwa abantu banduye
• Abandi bantu bo mu muryango wawe cyangwa abantu ba hafi bafite ibimenyetso nk’ibyo

Tegura gusobanura ibimenyetso byawe neza, harimo kenshi ukora impiswi n’uko imera. Nubwo ibi bishobora kuba bitoroshye, aya makuru afasha umuganga wawe gupima neza.

Zana urutonde rw’ibibazo ushaka kubabaza, nko kumenya igihe ubuvuzi busanzwe buramara, igihe ukwiye gutangira kumva wishimye, cyangwa niba abantu bo mu muryango wawe bakeneye gupimwa. Ntugatinye gusaba ko bagusobanurira niba utumva ikintu umuganga yawe yakubwiye.

Niba umuganga wawe ashaka gupima urugero rw’impiswi, mubaze uburyo bwo gukusanya urugero niba hari amabwiriza ugomba gukurikiza mbere yo gutanga urugero.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri kwandura kwa Giardia

Kwandura kwa Giardia ni indwara ivurwa, kandi nubwo bidashimishije, ntabwo bikunze gutera ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima igihe kirekire iyo bipimwe kandi bikavurwa neza. Ikintu nyamukuru ni ukumenya ibimenyetso hakiri kare no gushaka ubufasha bw’abaganga.

Wibuke ko iyi ndwara ikwirakwira binyuze mu mazi yanduye n’isuku mbi, bityo kwirinda bigamije kwitondera amazi no kugira isuku y’intoki. Igihe uri mu rugendo cyangwa uri hanze, fata ingamba zidasanzwe zo kurinda amazi.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso, ntukagerageze kubihanganira wenyine. Hari imiti ikora neza ishobora gukuraho indwara ikagutera kumva wishimye. Hamwe no kuvurwa neza no kwitaho umubiri, abantu benshi barakira burundu mu byumweru bike.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri kwandura kwa Giardia

Kwandura kwa Giardia kuramara igihe kingana iki utavurwa?

Utavurwa, kwandura kwa Giardia bishobora kumara ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bw’abantu bamwe burashobora gukuraho indwara, ariko ibyo bishobora gutwara igihe kinini kandi bishobora gutera ingaruka nko kubura imirire cyangwa ibibazo by’igogorwa bihoraho. Ubuvuzi bukoresheje imiti busanzwe bukuraho indwara vuba kandi neza.

Ushobora kwandura Giardia incuro nyinshi?

Yego, ushobora kwandura Giardia incuro nyinshi mu buzima bwawe. Kugira iyi ndwara rimwe ntibikurinda kwandura izindi. Ariko kandi, bamwe barakuraho ubudahangarwa buke bushobora gutuma kwandura ibindi bitakomeye cyangwa bikamara igihe gito.

Kwandura kwa Giardia bihererekanywa hagati y’abantu?

Kwandura kwa Giardia birashobora guhererekanywa hagati y’abantu binyuze mu nzira fecal-oral, cyane cyane mu ngo cyangwa mu matsinda. Ibi bibaho iyo imiswi yanduye yanduye intoki, ibintu, cyangwa ibiryo, hanyuma bikajya mu kanwa k’undi muntu. Isuku nziza, cyane cyane gusukura intoki neza, birashobora kwirinda guhererekanya hagati y’abantu.

Ibinyabuzima byo mu rugo bishobora gutera kwandura kwa Giardia ku bantu?

Nubwo ibinyabuzima byo mu rugo bishobora kwandura Giardia, ubwoko bw’udukoko busanzwe bwanduza imbwa na gato ni ubundi busanzwe bwanduza abantu. Ariko kandi, guhererekanya birashoboka, bityo ni ngombwa gukora isuku igihe uri kwita ku binyamamare, cyane cyane niba bafite ibimenyetso by’igogorwa.

Nyuma y’igihe kingana iki ibimenyetso bya Giardia bigaragara umaze kwandura?

Ibimenyetso bya Giardia bikunze kugaragara nyuma y’ibyumweru kimwe kugeza kuri bitatu umaze kwandura udukoko, nubwo ibi bishobora guhinduka ukurikije umuntu. Bamwe bashobora kubona ibimenyetso vuba cyane nyuma yo kwandura, abandi bakaba batabona ibimenyetso mu byumweru byinshi. Igihe cyo kugaragara kenshi biterwa n’ibintu nko kugira udukoko twinshi wahuye na byo n’ubudahangarwa bwawe.