Glaucome ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n’Ubuvuzi

Glaucome ni indwara z’amaso zigira ingaruka ku mpande z’umutima w’ijisho, ujyana amakuru y’ibyabonwa kuva mu jisho ryawe ujya mu bwonko. Iyi ngaruka isanzwe ibaho iyo umuvuduko w’amazi mu jisho ryawe ugiye uzamuka buhoro buhoro, nubwo bishobora kubaho no ku muvuduko usanzwe.

Tekereza ku mpande z’umutima w’ijisho nk’umunyururu w’insinga nto zihuza ijisho ryawe n’ubwonko. Iyo glaucoma yangije izo nsinga, ubu buhoro buhoro ubutakaza ibice by’ibyabonwa, ubusanzwe bitangirira ku mpande z’inyuma ukagenda ujya imbere. Ikibabaje kuri glaucoma ni uko ubu butabwa bw’ibyabonwa bukunze kuba buhoro cyane ku buryo abantu benshi batabibona kugeza igihe iyangirika rikomeye rimaze kubaho.

Ibimenyetso bya glaucoma ni ibihe?

Abantu benshi bafite glaucoma nta bimenyetso bagira mu ntangiriro, niyo mpamvu ikunze kwitwa “umujura utuje w’ubuhumyi.” Uburyo ubona bushobora kugaragara neza kugeza igihe indwara imaze gutera imbere cyane.

Ariko kandi, hari ibimenyetso by’umubabaro ushobora kubona uko indwara igenda itera imbere. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’ubwoko bwa glaucoma ufite:

• Gutakaza buhoro buhoro uburyo bwo kubona ku mpande (peripheral), ubusanzwe mu maso yombi
• Kubona nk’umwobo mu gihe indwara imaze gutera imbere
• Ibibanza bipfukiranwa mu buryo ubona
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kubona mu mwijima
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kubona umucyo mwinshi

Mu bihe bidasanzwe bya glaucoma y’umwiru ufunze, ibimenyetso bigaragara mu buryo butunguranye kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa. Ibi bimenyetso by’ubukererwe birimo ububabare bukabije bw’amaso, kubabara umutwe, isereri, kuruka, kubona bidasobanutse, no kubona impeta z’umucyo.

Wibuke ko kutagira ibimenyetso bidakubuza glaucoma. Kusuzuma amaso buri gihe ni cyo kintu cyiza cyane kuko gishobora kubona indwara mbere y’uko ubona impinduka mu buryo ubona.

Uduce twa glaucoma ni utuhe?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa glaucoma, buri bwoko bugira ingaruka zitandukanye ku maso yawe. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwabyo bifasha gusobanura impamvu ibimenyetso n’ubuvuzi bishobora gutandukana uhereye ku muntu umwe ujya ku wundi.

Glaucoma y’umwiru ufunguye ni yo y’ingenzi kandi ikunze kugaragara, igira ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri 90% bafite iyi ndwara. Muri iyi sura, inzira zo gukura amazi mu jisho ryawe zirapfuka buhoro buhoro, nk’isinki ifite umwobo ufunze. Amazi arakomera buhoro buhoro, yongera umuvuduko buhoro buhoro kandi yangiza umutima w’ijisho.

Glaucoma y’umwiru ufunze ibaho iyo umwiru ufunze rwose, akenshi mu buryo butunguranye. Ibi bituma umuvuduko w’amaso wiyongera vuba kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa. Bamwe mu bantu bafite imwiru mito ibafitiye ibyago byinshi byo kugira iyi ndwara.

Glaucoma isanzwe ku muvuduko usanzwe ni uburyo butangaje aho iyangirika ry’umutima w’ijisho ribaho nubwo umuvuduko w’amaso ari usanzwe. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko ibi bibaho kubera amaraso make ajya ku mutima w’ijisho cyangwa kubera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umuvuduko.

Glaucoma y’uburyo bwa kabiri itera kubera izindi ndwara z’amaso, imvune, cyangwa ikoreshwa ry’imiti. Impamvu zirimo kubabara amaso, imiti imwe nka steroide, cyangwa ingaruka ziterwa na diyabete.

Impamvu za glaucoma ni izihe?

Glaucoma itera iyo ikintu cyabujije amazi kugenda neza mu jisho ryawe. Amaso yawe akora amazi meza yitwa aqueous humor, asanzwe akurwaho binyuze mu nzira nto.

Iyo ubu buryo bwo gukuraho amazi budakora neza, amazi arakomera yongera umuvuduko mu jisho ryawe. Uko ibi bigenda, uyu muvuduko mwinshi ushobora kwangiza imigozi yoroheje y’umutima w’ijisho. Tekereza kuri umuvuduko w’amazi mu muyoboro w’amazi - umuvuduko mwinshi ushobora kwangiza umuyoboro ubwawo.

Ariko kandi, glaucoma si buri gihe ibintu by’umuvuduko mwinshi. Mu bamwe, umutima w’ijisho uba ufite intege nke kurushaho zo kwangirika, nubwo umuvuduko w’amaso ari usanzwe. Ibi bishobora kubaho kubera amaraso make ajya ku mutima w’ijisho, ibintu by’umurage bituma umutima w’ijisho uba ufite intege nke, cyangwa izindi ndwara.

Ibintu byinshi bishobora gutera ibibazo byo gukuraho amazi mu jisho ryawe. Impinduka ziterwa n’imyaka zishobora gutuma inzira zo gukuraho amazi zidakora neza uko imyaka igenda yiyongera. Imiti imwe, cyane cyane steroide, ishobora kubangamira gukuraho amazi. Imvune z’amaso cyangwa kubabara amaso bishobora kandi gufunga cyangwa kwangiza uburyo bwo gukuraho amazi.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, abantu bavukana ibibazo mu buryo bwo gukuraho amazi mu jisho, bigatuma bagira glaucoma mu bwana. Bamwe mu bantu bafite imwiru mito ibafitiye ibyago byo gufunga mu buryo butunguranye.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera glaucoma?

Ukwiye kujya kwa muganga w’amaso buri gihe kugira ngo asuzume glaucoma, nubwo wumva ko ubona neza. Ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’amaso muri Amerika risaba ko bapima amaso buri mwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri nyuma y’imyaka 40, kandi buri mwaka nyuma y’imyaka 65.

Ariko kandi, hari ibintu bimwe bisaba ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa. Niba ufite ububabare bukabije bw’amaso butunguranye buherekejwe no kubabara umutwe, isereri, cyangwa kuruka, shaka ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa ako kanya. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya glaucoma y’umwiru ufunze, ishobora gutera ubuhumyi buhoraho mu masaha make niba idakize.

Ukwiye kandi kuvugana na muganga w’amaso niba ubona impinduka mu buryo ubona, nko kugira ikibazo cyo kubona ku mpande, kugira ibibazo byo kubona nijoro, cyangwa ibibanza bipfukiranwa bishya. Nubwo izi mpinduka zishobora kuba buhoro buhoro, kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa birashobora kugufasha kubungabunga uburyo ubona.

Ntutegereze ibimenyetso bigaragara mbere yo gupima amaso buri gihe. Abantu benshi basanga bafite glaucoma mu gihe cyo gusuzuma amaso buri gihe, mbere y’uko babona ibibazo byo kubona.

Ibyago byo kugira glaucoma ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira glaucoma. Gusobanukirwa ibyo byago bifasha wowe na muganga wawe kumenya ukuntu ukwiye gusuzuma no gukurikirana.

Imyaka ni kimwe mu bintu bikomeye byongera ibyago, glaucoma ikaba ikunze kugaragara nyuma y’imyaka 40. Ibyago byawe bikomeza kwiyongera uko imyaka igenda yiyongera. Amateka y’umuryango agira uruhare runini - kugira umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe ufite glaucoma byongera ibyago byawe inshuro enye kugeza kuri icyenda.

Dore ibyago by’ingenzi ukwiye kumenya:

• Imyaka irenga 40, ibyago bikazamuka cyane nyuma y’imyaka 60
• Amateka y’umuryango wa glaucoma
• Umunyarwanda, Umuhisipaniya, cyangwa Umunyamerika
• Umuvuduko mwinshi w’amaso (nubwo atari buri gihe)
• Igisimba cy’amaso cyoroheje
• Diyabete
• Umuvuduko mwinshi w’amaraso
• Indwara z’umutima
• Kubona nabi cyane cyangwa kureba kure
• Imvune z’amaso mbere cyangwa kubagwa
• Ikoreshwa ry’imiti ya corticosteroid igihe kirekire

Bimwe mu bintu bidasanzwe byongera ibyago birimo guhumeka nabi mu gihe cyo kuryama, kubabara umutwe, no kugira umuvuduko muke w’amaraso. Kugira kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu byago ntibisobanura ko uzagira glaucoma, ariko bisobanura ko ukwiye kwitondera cyane gusuzuma amaso buri gihe.

Ingaruka zishoboka za glaucoma ni izihe?

Ingaruka zikomeye za glaucoma ni ubutakaza bw’uburyo bwo kubona buhoraho, butashobora gusubizwa igihe bimaze kubaho. Niyo mpamvu kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa ari ingenzi cyane mu kubungabunga uburyo ubona.

Ubutakaza bw’uburyo bwo kubona bwa glaucoma busanzwe bukurikira uburyo runaka. Ubusanzwe butangira n’ibibanza bipfukiranwa bito mu buryo ubona ku mpande ushobora kutamenya mu ntangiriro. Uko ibi bigenda, ibyo bibanza bipfukiranwa bishobora kwaguka kandi bikahuzwa, bigatuma habaho ibibanza binini by’ubutakaza bw’uburyo bwo kubona.

Uko indwara igenda itera imbere, ushobora kugira uburyo bwo kubona nk’umwobo, aho ubona imbere gusa ubutakaza uburyo bwo kubona ku mpande rwose. Ibi bishobora gutuma ibikorwa bya buri munsi nko gutwara imodoka, kugenda, cyangwa no gusoma bigorana kandi bigatera akaga.

Mu bihe bikomeye, glaucoma ishobora gutera ubuhumyi burangwa mu jisho ryangiritse. Ingaruka zo mu mutwe no mu mubiri ziterwa no gutakaza uburyo bwo kubona zishobora kandi kuba zikomeye, zishobora gutera kwiheba, guhangayika, no kugabanuka k’ubuzima.

Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kugira ingaruka ziterwa n’ubuvuzi ubwawo, nubwo izo ngaruka zidasanzwe zikomeye kurusha glaucoma itabonye ubuvuzi. Amazi yo mu jisho ashobora gutera ingaruka nko gutukura, kubabara, cyangwa impinduka mu ibara ry’amaso. Ububagiro, nubwo busanzwe butekanye, bufite ibyago bike byo kwandura cyangwa izindi ngaruka.

Glaucoma ishobora kwirindwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora kwirinda glaucoma rwose, cyane cyane niba ufite ibyago by’umurage, hari intambwe nyinshi ushobora gutera kugira ngo ugabanye ibyago byawe kandi ubone indwara hakiri kare igihe ubuvuzi bufite akamaro cyane.

Kusuzuma amaso buri gihe ni cyo gikoresho cyiza cyane cyo kwirinda. Ibyo bisuzumwa bishobora kubona glaucoma imyaka myinshi mbere y’uko ubona ibimenyetso, biguha amahirwe meza yo kubungabunga uburyo ubona binyuze mu buvuzi bwa hakiri kare.

Kubungabunga ubuzima bwiza rusange bufasha ubuzima bw’amaso yawe. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w’amaso no kunoza amaraso ajya ku mutima w’ijisho. Ibiryo byiza birimo imboga z’icyatsi kibisi n’amafi bishobora kandi gufasha ubuzima bw’amaso.

Kwirinda imvune z’amaso ni ingenzi, cyane cyane niba ukina imikino cyangwa ukora mu bihugu bifite ibintu byinshi by’ibintu byuruka. Kwambara ibikoresho byo kurinda amaso bishobora kwirinda imvune zishobora gutera glaucoma y’uburyo bwa kabiri.

Niba ufashe imiti ya corticosteroid, korana na muganga wawe kugira ngo akurikirane umuvuduko w’amaso yawe buri gihe. Ikoreshwa ry’amasteroide igihe kirekire rishobora kongera ibyago bya glaucoma, ariko ibi bishobora gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe gukurikirana neza.

Glaucoma imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya glaucoma bikubiyemo ibizamini bitabangamye muganga w’amaso ashobora gukora mu gihe cyo gusuzuma amaso. Nta kizami kimwe gishobora kumenya glaucoma neza, niyo mpamvu muganga wawe azakoresha ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo abone ishusho yuzuye y’ubuzima bw’amaso yawe.

Intambwe ya mbere ubusanzwe ni ukupima umuvuduko w’amaso hakoreshejwe uburyo bwitwa tonometry. Muganga wawe ashobora gukoresha umwuka woroshye ku jisho ryawe cyangwa igikoresho gito gikora ku jisho ryawe nyuma yo gushyiramo amazi adakomeretsa.

Muganga wawe azasuzumana kandi umutima w’ijisho areba mu maso yawe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byihariye. Ashaka ibimenyetso byangirika nko gucika cyangwa kugabanuka kw’umutima w’ijisho. Amafoto y’umutima w’ijisho ashobora gufatwa kugira ngo akurikirane impinduka igihe kirekire.

Ibizamini byo kubona bigaragaza uburyo ubona ku mpande kugira ngo hamenyekane ibibanza bipfukiranwa. Muri icyo kizami, uzareba imbere mu gihe amatara ari gucyeka mu bice bitandukanye by’uburyo ubona, kandi uzakanda buto iyo ubona.

Ibizamini byongeyeho bishobora kuba harimo gupima uburebure bw’igisimba cy’amaso, gusuzuma umwiru w’ijisho, no gufata amafoto y’umutima w’ijisho n’umwijima. Ibyo bizamini bifasha muganga wawe kumenya niba ufite glaucoma, ubwoko bwayo n’uburyo imaze gutera imbere.

Ubuvuzi bwa glaucoma ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa glaucoma bugamije kugabanya umuvuduko w’amaso kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kurushaho kw’umutima w’ijisho. Nubwo tudashobora gusubiza uburyo bwo kubona bwari bumaze gutakaruka, ubuvuzi bukwiye bushobora kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika ubutakaza bw’uburyo bwo kubona mu bantu benshi.

Amazi yo mu jisho niyo ntambwe ya mbere yo kuvura kandi akora binyuze mu kugabanya amazi akorwa mu jisho ryawe cyangwa kunoza gukuraho amazi. Ushobora gukenera gukoresha ubwoko bumwe cyangwa bubiri bw’amazi buri munsi. Ni ngombwa kuyakoresha uko byategetswe, nubwo utumva ibimenyetso.

Niba amazi yo mu jisho adacunga umuvuduko w’amaso yawe uko bikwiye, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegeka kuvurwa hakoreshejwe lazeri. Ibyo bivurwa bishobora kunoza gukuraho amazi cyangwa kugabanya amazi akorwa mu jisho ryawe. Ibyinshi mu bivurwa bya lazeri bikorwa mu biro kandi byihuse kandi byoroshye.

Ububagiro buzaba amahitamo igihe imiti na lazeri bitahagije. Ububagiro busanzwe bukorwa kugira ngo hakorwe inzira nshya yo gukuraho amazi mu jisho ryawe. Uburyo bushya buto bwo kubaga bushobora kandi kunoza gukuraho amazi mu gihe gito cyo gukira.

Gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa izahujwe n’ubwoko bwa glaucoma ufite, uburyo imaze gutera imbere, n’uburyo ugaragaza impinduka mu buvuzi butandukanye. Kugendana n’abaganga buri gihe ni ingenzi mu gukurikirana amajyambere yawe no guhindura ubuvuzi uko bikenewe.

Uko wacunga glaucoma murugo

Gucunga glaucoma murugo bigamije cyane gukoresha imiti yawe uko yategetswe no gukora imibereho ifasha ubuzima bw’amaso yawe. Ibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga uburyo ubona.

Gukoresha amazi yo mu jisho uko yategetswe ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi ushobora gukora. Shyiraho gahunda igufasha kwibuka, nko gukoresha amazi mu gihe kimwe buri munsi cyangwa gukoresha porogaramu yo kwibuka imiti. Niba ugira ikibazo cy’amazi yo mu jisho, ntuyareke gukoresha - vugana na muganga wawe ku bindi bishobora gukoreshwa.

Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe bishobora kugabanya umuvuduko w’amaso mu buryo bw’umwimerere. Ibikorwa nko kugenda, koga, cyangwa kugendera kuri velo iminota 30 buri munsi bishobora kugira akamaro. Ariko kandi, irinda ibikorwa bikubiyemo kuguma utumbagiye igihe kirekire, kuko bishobora kongera umuvuduko w’amaso by’agateganyo.

Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo imboga z’icyatsi kibisi, amafi, n’imbuto zifite amabara menshi bishobora gufasha ubuzima bw’amaso muri rusange. Kuguma uhagaze neza ni ingenzi, ariko irinda kunywa amazi menshi vuba, kuko bishobora gutera umuvuduko mwinshi w’amaso by’agateganyo.

Kwirinda imvune z’amaso binyuze mu kwambara ibyo kurinda amaso mu bikorwa bigira ibyago. Nanone, menya neza ibikorwa bishobora kugira impinduka z’umuvuduko, nko koga mu mazi cyangwa imyitozo imwe ya yoga.

Uko wakwitegura ku bw’isura yawe kwa muganga

Kwitunganya ku bw’isura yawe ya glaucoma bifasha kugena neza ko uboneye ibyiza byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi ko muganga wawe afite amakuru yose akenewe kugira ngo aguhe ubuvuzi bwiza.

Mbere y’isura yawe, kora ubushakashatsi ku mateka y’ubuzima bw’amaso y’umuryango wawe, cyane cyane abavandimwe bagize glaucoma cyangwa izindi ndwara z’amaso. Andika urutonde rw’imiti yose ufashe ubu, harimo imiti yo mu maduka n’ibindi, kuko bimwe bishobora kugira ingaruka ku muvuduko w’amaso.

Andika ibimenyetso cyangwa impinduka mu buryo ubona wabonye, nubwo bigaragara bito. Harimo igihe byatangiye, ukuntu bikunze kubaho, n’icyo biba byiza cyangwa biba bibi. Nanone andika ibibazo ushaka kubabaza muganga wawe.

Niba wambara lenti, ushobora gukenera kuzikuraho mbere y’ibizamini bimwe, rero uzane ibyo kwambara amaso nk’ibindi. Tegura ko amaso yawe azaba afunguye mu gihe cyo gusuzuma, ibyo bishobora gutuma ubona nabi amasaha menshi nyuma.

Zana urutonde rw’amazi yawe yo mu jisho n’ibizamini byakozwe mbere na baganga b’amaso. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gukurikirana impinduka mu gihe kirekire kandi akirinda gukora ibizamini byongeyeho ubusa.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri glaucoma

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyo gusobanukirwa kuri glaucoma ni uko kubimenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa buri gihe bishobora kubungabunga uburyo ubona ubuzima bwawe bwose. Nubwo indwara ubwayo idashobora gukira, ishobora gucungwa neza igihe imenyekanye hakiri kare.

Ntutegereze ibimenyetso bigaragara mbere yo kujya kwa muganga w’amaso. Kusuzuma amaso buri gihe ni cyo kintu cyiza cyane cyo kwirinda gutakaza uburyo bwo kubona biterwa na glaucoma. Niba ubonye glaucoma, gukurikiza gahunda yawe yo kuvurwa buri gihe biguha amahirwe meza yo kubungabunga uburyo ubona.

Wibuke ko kugira glaucoma bidakubuza guhumira. Hamwe n’ubuvuzi bw’ubu n’ubwitange bwawe mu kwitaho, abantu benshi bafite glaucoma babungabunga uburyo bwiza bwo kubona ubuzima bwabo bwose. Komereza kuba umuntu ufite icyizere, komeza ubuvuzi buri gihe, kandi ukomereze kuvugana n’itsinda ryawe ry’abaganga b’amaso.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaho kuri glaucoma

Glaucoma ishobora gukira burundu?

Ubu, nta muti wa glaucoma, ariko ishobora gucungwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Intego ni ukwirinda gutakaza uburyo bwo kubona kurushaho binyuze mu kugabanya umuvuduko w’amaso. Nubwo tudashobora gusubiza uburyo bwo kubona bwari bumaze gutakaruka, ubusanzwe dushobora guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya cyane iyangirika ryongeyeho. Abantu benshi bafite glaucoma babungabunga uburyo bwiza bwo kubona ubuzima bwabo bwose hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi buri gihe.

Glaucoma irazimukira kandi abana banjye bazayibona?

Glaucoma ifite ibintu by’umurage, kandi kugira umuntu wo mu muryango ufite glaucoma byongera ibyago by’abana bawe inshuro enye kugeza kuri icyenda. Ariko kandi, ibi ntibisobanura ko bazagira iyo ndwara. Uburyo bwiza ni ukwishingikiriza ko abagize umuryango wawe bapima amaso buri gihe, cyane cyane nyuma y’imyaka 40, kugira ngo glaucoma iboneke kandi ivurwe hakiri kare niba ibayeho.

Nshobora gutwara imodoka niba mfite glaucoma?

Abantu benshi bafite glaucoma bashobora gukomeza gutwara imodoka neza, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro z’indwara. Ariko kandi, uko kubona ku mpande bigenda bigabanuka, gutwara imodoka bishobora kuba bigorana cyangwa bikaba akaga. Muganga w’amaso ashobora gusuzuma uburyo ubona no kugira inama ku bijyanye n’umutekano wo gutwara imodoka. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora gukenera kugabanya gutwara imodoka ku manywa cyangwa inzira bazi uko indwara igenda itera imbere.

Amazi yo mu jisho ya glaucoma afite ingaruka mbi?

Nka buri miti, amazi yo mu jisho ya glaucoma ashobora kugira ingaruka mbi, nubwo atari buri wese uyibona. Ingaruka mbi zisanzwe zirimo kubabara, gutukura, cyangwa kubona nabi nyuma yo gukoresha amazi yo mu jisho. Amazi amwe ashobora gutera impinduka mu ibara ry’amaso, gukura kw’imisatsi y’amaso, cyangwa kugira ingaruka ku muvuduko w’umutima cyangwa guhumeka. Niba ugira ingaruka mbi zikubabaza, vugana na muganga wawe ku bindi bishobora gukoreshwa aho guhagarika ubuvuzi.

Ngahe nkwiye gusuzuma amaso niba mfite glaucoma?

Igihe umaze kubona glaucoma, ubusanzwe ukeneye gusuzuma amaso buri mezi atatu kugeza kuri atandatu, bitewe n’uko indwara yawe icungwa neza. Mu gihe cyo kuvura, ushobora gukenera gusura kenshi kugira ngo umenye neza ko umuvuduko w’amaso yawe usubiza neza ubuvuzi. Uko indwara yawe igenda ihoraho, gusura bishobora gutandukana, ariko gukurikirana buri gihe bikomeza kuba ingenzi ubuzima bwawe bwose.