Ese ni iki Glioblastoma? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Glioblastoma ni ubwoko bw'ubwonko bukomeye kandi bwihuta buturuka kuri selile zitwa astrocytes, zisanzwe zifasha kandi zigaburira neuroni z'ubwonko. Ni bwo bwonko bwo mu bwoko bw'ibanze kandi bukura cyane mu bakuru, bugera kuri hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'ubwonko bwose buhabwa ubuvuzi buri mwaka.

Nubwo kubona iyi ndwara bishobora gutera ubwoba, gusobanukirwa icyo glioblastoma ari cyo n'uburyo bwo kuyivura bishobora kugufasha kumva witeguye kandi ufite amakuru ahagije. Ubuvuzi bugezweho bukomeza gutera imbere mu kuvura iyi ndwara, kandi itsinda ry'abaganga bazakorana nawe kugira ngo bagutegure gahunda y'ubuvuzi iboneye.

Ese ni iki Glioblastoma?

Glioblastoma ni igisebe cy'ubwonko cya gatanu (Grade IV), bisobanura ko gikura cyane kandi gikwirakwira vuba mu mubiri w'ubwonko. Aya misebe itera mu maseli ya glial, by'umwihariko astrocytes, ari zo selile zimeze nk'inyenyeri zifasha selile z'ubwonko gukora.

Iri zina ry'igisebe rikomoka kuri "glio" (bisobanura selile za glial) na "blastoma" (bisobanura igisebe gikorerwa na selile zitarakura). Bitandukanye n'andi kanseri, glioblastoma ntabwo ikwirakwira hanze y'ubwonko, ariko ishobora gukura vuba kandi igatera mu mubiri muzima w'ubwonko.

Hari ubwoko bubiri nyamukuru: glioblastoma y'ibanze, itera nk'igisebe cya gatanu, na glioblastoma y'uburyo bwa kabiri, itangira nk'igisebe kidakomeye hanyuma ikagenda ikura buhoro buhoro. Glioblastoma y'ibanze ni yo yiganje, igira ingaruka kuri hafi 90% by'ababwanduye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Glioblastoma?

Ibimenyetso bya glioblastoma bigaragara kuko igisebe gikura kigira igitutu ku mubiri w'ubwonko cyangwa kikagira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko. Aya mamenyetso akenshi agaragara buhoro buhoro, hanyuma ashobora kwihuta uko igisebe gikura.

Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ushobora kugira birimo:

• Uburwayi bw'umutwe buhoraho bushobora kwiyongera uko bwije n'uko bucyeye, cyane cyane mu gitondo
• Imihindagurikire, ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere kuri hafi 30% by'ababwanduye
• Isesemi n'kuruka, cyane cyane mu gitondo
• Guhinduka kw'imico, imimerere, cyangwa imyitwarire
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka cyangwa kwibagirwa
• Gukomera kuvuga cyangwa kubona amagambo
• Ubusembwa cyangwa ubukonje ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri
• Ibibazo by'amaso cyangwa guhinduka kwabyo
• Ibibazo byo kubura umutekano cyangwa guhindagurika
• Gukomera kwibanda cyangwa gutekereza neza

Ibimenyetso byihariye ugaragaza biterwa ahanini n'aho igisebe kiri mu bwonko bwawe. Urugero, igisebe kiri mu gice cy'ubwonko gishinzwe gutekereza gishobora gutera guhinduka kw'imico, mu gihe icyo kiri hafi y'aho havugirwa gishobora kugira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwawe bwo gutanga amakuru.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko aya mamenyetso ashobora guterwa n'izindi ndwara nyinshi, zitakomeye. Kugira aya mamenyetso ntibivuze ko ufite glioblastoma, ariko bisaba ko ugenzurwa na muganga.

Ni iki giterwa na Glioblastoma?

Impamvu nyakuri ya glioblastoma ntiyumvikana neza, ibyo bishobora gutera agahinda iyo ushaka ibisubizo. Icyo tuzi ni uko itera iyo selile zisanzwe z'ubwonko zigize impinduka mu mbaraga ziterwa na gene zituma zikura kandi zigabana mu buryo budakwiye.

Urugero rwinshi rwa glioblastoma rugaragara ko riterwa n'ubundi buryo, bisobanura ko nta mpamvu isobanutse yo hanze. Ariko kandi, abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kongera ibyago, nubwo kugira ibyo byago ntibivuze ko uzabona iyi ndwara.

Ibyago by'ingenzi birimo:

• Imyaka - ikunze kugaragara mu bakuru bari hagati y'imyaka 45-70
• Igitsina - ikunze kugaragara mu bagabo kurusha abagore
• Ubuvuzi bwa mbere bw'ubwonko
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'imbaraga z'umuntu (bihora bike)
• Kugira ikintu cyitwa vinyl chloride (ikintu gikorerwa mu nganda)

By'ingenzi, glioblastoma si indwara yandura kandi ntishobora kwandura umuntu ku wundi. Ntabwo iterwa n'imibereho nk'imirire, umunaniro, cyangwa ikoreshwa rya telefoni, nubwo ushobora kubisoma kuri interineti.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera ibimenyetso bya Glioblastoma?

Wagomba kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite uburwayi bw'umutwe buhoraho butandukanye n'uburwayi busanzwe bw'umutwe, cyane cyane niba buherekejwe n'ibindi bimenyetso by'ubwonko.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba ubonye ikimenyetso cya mbere, uburwayi bukomeye bw'umutwe, cyangwa guhinduka vuba mu mikorere y'ubwonko bwawe. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ko hari igitutu gikabije mu bwonko bwawe gikenewe kuvurwa vuba.

Wibuke ko indwara nyinshi zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibyo, kandi muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha kumenya icyabiteye. Kumenya hakiri kare bituma uhabwa ubuvuzi vuba niba bikenewe kandi bishobora gutera amahoro niba ari ikintu kitakomeye.

Ni ibihe byago bya Glioblastoma?

Gusobanukirwa ibyago bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa uko uhagaze, nubwo ari ngombwa kwibuka ko kugira ibyago ntibivuze ko uzabona glioblastoma. Abantu benshi bafite ibyago ntibabona iyi ndwara.

Ibyago by'ingenzi birimo:

• Imyaka - ubwandu bukunze kugaragara hagati y'imyaka 55-65
• Igitsina gabo - hafi inshuro 1.5 zikunze kugaragara mu bagabo
• Ubwoko bw'uruhu - ikunze kugaragara mu bantu b'umuzungu
• Kugira ikintu cyitwa radiation mu mutwe cyangwa mu ijosi
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'imbaraga z'umuntu nka neurofibromatosis cyangwa Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• Amateka y'umuryango w'ibisebe by'ubwonko (nubwo ibi bihora bike)

Bimwe mu byago bishoboka bitaramenyekana neza abashakashatsi bakomeza kwiga birimo guhura n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe, amashanyarazi, n'indwara ziterwa na virusi. Ariko kandi, ibimenyetso kuri ibi ntabwo bihagije.

Ni byiza kuzirikana ko abantu benshi babonye glioblastoma nta byago bizwi bafite. Igisebe kenshi kigaragara mu bantu bazima, niyo mpamvu kubona iyi ndwara bishobora gutera ubwoba.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishoboka bya Glioblastoma?

Glioblastoma ishobora gutera ibibazo byombi bivuye ku gisebe ubwayo rimwe na rimwe bivuye ku buvuzi. Gusobanukirwa ibi bishoboka bishobora kugufasha wowe n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe kwitegura no kubigenzura neza.

Ibibazo bivuye ku gisebe bishobora kuba birimo:

• Igititu gikabije mu bwonko (igitutu mu bwonko)
• Imihindagurikire ishobora kuba myinshi cyangwa ikaba ikomeye
• Gutakaza ubushobozi bw'ubwonko buhoraho bugira ingaruka ku mikorere, kuvuga, cyangwa gutekereza
• Gukomera kw'umunwa bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mirire
• Ibisigo by'amaraso bitewe no kuguma uhagaze
• Kuvimba mu bwonko (hydrocephalus)

Ibibazo bivuye ku buvuzi bishobora kuba birimo ibyago by'ubuganga, ingaruka mbi z'imiti cyangwa radiation, n'umunaniro. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe bazakurikirana hafi aya bibazo kandi bazagira ingamba zo kuyagenzura.

Nubwo aya bibazo asa n'ibikomeye, byinshi bishobora gufatwa neza hamwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizakora cyane kugira ngo birinde ibibazo bishoboka kandi ribihite riravura niba bibaye.

Glioblastoma imenya ite?

Kumenya glioblastoma bisaba intambwe nyinshi, bitangirira ku mateka yawe y'ubuzima n'isuzuma ry'ubwonko. Muganga wawe azakubaza ibimenyetso byawe kandi azakora ibizamini kugira ngo arebe imikorere yawe, uko uhuza ibintu, n'uburyo bwawe bwo gutekereza.

Igikoresho nyamukuru cyo gupima ni magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) y'ubwonko bwawe, ikora amashusho arambuye ashobora kwerekana aho igisebe kiri, ubunini, n'imiterere yacyo. Ushobora guhabwa umuti ugaragara kuri scan kugira ngo igisebe kigaragara neza.

Ibizamini by'inyongera bishobora kuba birimo:

• CT scan kugira ngo hakorwe isuzuma rya mbere
• PET scan kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y'igisebe
• Ibizamini byo gusuzuma ubushobozi bwo gutekereza
• Ibizamini by'amaraso kugira ngo harebwe ubuzima bwawe muri rusange

Kumenya neza bisaba igice cy'umubiri, kenshi cyaboneka mu buvuzi. Umuganga areba umubiri munsi ya microscope kandi akora ibizamini bya gene kugira ngo yemeze uburwayi kandi amenye ibintu byihariye by'igisebe bigira uruhare mu gufata ibyemezo by'ubuvuzi.

Uyu mucyo wo gupima, nubwo ari uko, ukunda kwihuta iyo glioblastoma ikekwerewe. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe risobanukiwe ubukana kandi rizakorana nawe neza.

Ubuvuzi bwa Glioblastoma ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa glioblastoma busanzwe burimo uburyo bwo guhuza bushobora kuba burimo ubuvuzi, radiation, na chemotherapy. Gahunda y'ubuvuzi iboneye iterwa n'ibintu nk'aho igisebe kiri, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, n'ibyo ukunda.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe ni bwo bwa mbere bushoboka. Intego ni ukukura igisebe kinini bishoboka mu buryo butagira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko. Rimwe na rimwe gukura igisebe rwose ntibishoboka bitewe n'aho igisebe kiri hafi y'ibice by'ubwonko bikomeye.

Ibice by'ubuvuzi busanzwe birimo:

• Gukura igisebe kinini bishoboka
• Radiation therapy, isanzwe itangwa buri munsi ibyumweru 6
• Temozolomide chemotherapy, ifatwa nk'uduti
• Imiti ifasha kuvura ibimenyetso nk'imihindagurikire cyangwa kubyimbagira
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri, bw'imikorere, n'ubwo kuvuga uko bikenewe

Uburyo bushya bwo kuvura buri kwiga burimo immunotherapy, ubuvuzi bushingiye ku bipimo bya gene by'igisebe ryawe, n'uburyo bushya bw'ubuvuzi. Oncologe yawe ashobora kukubwira niba hari igeragezwa ry'ubuvuzi ryakubereye.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe bukorwa n'itsinda ry'abaganga barimo abaganga b'ubwonko, abaganga b'indwara z'amaraso, abaganga ba radiation, n'abandi baganga bakorana kugira ngo batange ubuvuzi burambuye.

Uko wakwitaho iwawe mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bwa Glioblastoma?

Kwita ku buzima iwawe mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bwa glioblastoma bisaba kwibanda ku gukomeza imbaraga zawe, gucunga ibimenyetso, no guhora uhuze n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaguhaye inkunga. Intambwe nto, zihoraho zishobora kugira akamaro mu buryo wumva buri munsi.

Imirire iba ikomeye cyane mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi. Gerageza kurya ibyo kurya bisanzwe, byuzuye nubwo ubushake bwawe bwo kurya buhindutse. Kuguma wisukura no gufata imiti yose yatanzwe bigufasha gushyigikira umubiri wawe mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi.

Ingamba zo kwitaho iwawe muri rusange zirimo:

• Kurema ahantu heza kugira ngo wirinde kugwa
• Gutegura imiti hamwe n'ibikoresho byo kubika imiti cyangwa ibimenyetso
• Kugira gahunda yo gusinzira isanzwe uko bishoboka
• Imikino myoroheje yemewe n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe
• Kuguma uhuze n'umuryango n'inshuti
• Guhangana n'umunaniro binyuze mu buryo bwo kuruhuka

Ntutinye gusaba ubufasha mu bikorwa bya buri munsi igihe ubikeneye. Kwemera ubufasha bw'abandi si ikimenyetso cy'intege nke ahubwo ni uburyo bwiza bwo kubika imbaraga zawe kugira ngo ukire kandi umara igihe n'abakunzi bawe.

Kora ibitabo by'ibimenyetso kugira ngo ukure ibimenyetso byawe n'impinduka ubona. Aya makuru afasha itsinda ry'abaganga bawe guhindura gahunda y'ubuvuzi uko bikenewe.

Uko wakwitegura kuza kwa muganga?

Kwitegura kuza kwa muganga bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyawe n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe kandi bikaba byiza ko ibibazo byawe byose bisobanuwe. Kwitegura bituma ugabanya impungenge kandi birushaho kunoza itumanaho.

Mbere yo kuza kwa muganga, andika ibibazo n'impungenge zawe. Biragoye kwibuka ibintu by'ingenzi igihe wumva uhangayitse, bityo kugira urutonde rwanditse bituma ntakintu na kimwe kirengagizwa.

Zana ibi bikurikira ku muganga:

• Urutonde rw'imiti ukoresha n'ibindi
• Imyanzuro y'ubuvuzi cyangwa amashusho yabanje
• Amakuru y'ubwisungane n'irangamuntu
• Umuntu wo mu muryango cyangwa inshuti yizewe kugira ngo aguhe inkunga
• Igitabo cyangwa ikintu cyo kwandika
• Ibitabo byawe by'ibimenyetso cyangwa urutonde rw'ibibazo

Tegereza kubaza ibyerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura, ingaruka mbi zishoboka, uko ubuzima buzagenda, n'ibikoresho byo gufashwa. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rishaka kugufasha gusobanukirwa uko uhagaze no gufata ibyemezo by'ubuvuzi.

Ntugomba kwihutira gufata ibyemezo byihuse ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo kuvura. Ni byiza gusaba igihe cyo gusuzuma amakuru no kubiganiraho n'umuryango wawe mbere yo gufata icyemezo.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri Glioblastoma?

Glioblastoma ni igisebe gikomeye cy'ubwonko gisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse kandi burambuye bukomoka ku itsinda ry'abaganga b'inzobere. Nubwo ari indwara ikomeye, iterambere mu buvuzi rikomeza gutanga icyizere n'ibyiza ku barwayi benshi.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko nturi wenyine mu guhangana n'iyi ndwara. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe, umuryango, inshuti, n'imiryango ishyigikira bose ni bamwe mu bantu bagufasha, biteguye kugufasha mu rugendo rwawe.

Ibanda ku byo ushobora kugenzura: gukurikiza gahunda y'ubuvuzi bwawe, kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe muri rusange uko bishoboka, no guhora uhuze n'itsinda ryawe ry'abaguhaye inkunga. Gukora ibintu umunsi ku munsi ukoresheje ubuvuzi bwawe bishobora kugufasha gucunga ibintu byombi by'ubuvuzi n'iby'amarangamutima by'iyi ndwara.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubahwa kuri Glioblastoma

Q1: Ese glioblastoma ihora yica?

Glioblastoma ni indwara ikomeye, ariko igihe cyo kubaho gitandukanye cyane ukurikije umuntu ku wundi. Nubwo ari igisebe gikomeye, bamwe mu bantu babaho igihe kirekire kurusha imibare isanzwe, kandi ubuvuzi bushya bukomeza kunoza ibyiza. Uko ubuzima bwawe buzagenda biterwa n'ibintu byinshi birimo imyaka yawe, ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, imiterere y'igisebe, n'uko uhangana n'ubuvuzi.

Q2: Ese glioblastoma ishobora gukira?

Ubu, glioblastoma ifatwa nk'indwara ivurwa ariko ntikire mu bihe byinshi. Ariko kandi, ubuvuzi bushobora kugabanya cyane gukura kw'igisebe, gucunga ibimenyetso, no kunoza ubuzima. Abashakashatsi bakomeza gukora ku buvuzi bushya, kandi bamwe mu barwayi bagira ubuzima bwiza igihe kirekire. Intego y'ubuvuzi ni uguha ibyiza bishoboka n'ubuzima bwiza.

Q3: Ese glioblastoma ikura vuba gute?

Glioblastoma isanzwe ikura vuba, niyo mpamvu ubuvuzi bwihuse ari ingenzi iyo imenyekanye. Ariko kandi, umuvuduko wo gukura ushobora gutandukana hagati y'abantu ndetse no mu gisebe kimwe igihe kinini. Bimwe mu bice bishobora gukura vuba kurusha ibindi, kandi ubuvuzi bushobora kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika gukura mu bihe byinshi.

Q4: Ese nshobora gukora mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi?

Ubushobozi bwawe bwo gukora mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi biterwa n'ibintu byinshi birimo ibimenyetso byawe, ingaruka mbi z'ubuvuzi, uko ukora, n'imimerere yawe bwite. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora gukomeza gukora bahinduye imikorere, abandi bashobora kuba bakeneye gufata ikiruhuko. Ganira n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe ku bijyanye n'akazi kawe, kandi utekereze kuvugana n'umukozi w'imibereho niba ubikeneye.

Q5: Ese abagize umuryango wanjye bakwiye gupimwa glioblastoma?

Glioblastoma ntiragira gakondo, bityo gusuzuma abagize umuryango ntibisanzwe bisabwa. Mu bihe bike cyane aho hari amateka akomeye y'umuryango w'ibisebe by'ubwonko cyangwa indwara zimwe na zimwe z'imbaraga z'umuntu, inama y'abaganga basobanukiwe gene ishobora gusabwa. Urugero rwinshi rugaragara nta kintu na kimwe cy'imbaraga z'umuntu gifitanye isano, bityo abagize umuryango wawe ntabwo bafite ibyago byinshi gusa kuko ufite glioblastoma.