Ese ni Glioma? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Glioma ni ubwoko bw'ibisebe byo mu bwonko bikomoka ku mitsi y'ubwonko yitwa glial cells, izunganira kandi zirinda uturemangingo tw'ubwonko. Tekereza kuri glial cells nk'abakozi bashinzwe gushyigikira ubwenge kugira ngo neuroni (uturemangingo tw'ubwonko) zikore akazi kazo neza.

Ibi bisebe bishobora kuba bito, bikura buhoro buhoro bikamara imyaka kugira ngo bigaragaze ibimenyetso, cyangwa bikaba bikomeye cyane bikaba bisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse. Nubwo kumva ngo “isebe ry'ubwonko” bishobora gutera ubwoba, glioma nyinshi ziravuzwa, kandi iterambere mu buvuzi rikomeza kunoza ubuzima bw'abarwayi.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya glioma?

Ibimenyetso bya glioma bikunda kugaragara buhoro buhoro, kandi bishobora kuba byoroshye kubireka mu ntangiriro. Ibimenyetso runaka ushobora kugira biterwa n'aho isebe riri mu bwonko ryawe n'ubunini bwarwo.

Dore ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara:

• Uburwayi bw'umutwe buhoraho bushobora kuba bubi cyane uko bwiye, cyane mu gitondo
• Imihindagurikire y'ubwonko (seizures), ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere kuri benshi
• Impinduka mu mico, mu mimerere, cyangwa mu myitwarire abandi babona
• Gukomera kwibuka, kwibanda, cyangwa gutekereza neza
• Ubusembwa cyangwa kubabara ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri wawe
• Ibibazo byo kuvuga, nko kuvuga amagambo adasobanutse cyangwa kugorana gushaka amagambo akwiye
• Impinduka mu kubona, harimo kubona nabi cyangwa kubona ibintu bibiri
• Ibibazo byo kubona umubiri, cyangwa kugorana kugenda
• Isesemi n'kuruka, cyane mu gitondo

Ibimenyetso bitagenda bikunze kugaragara bishobora kuba harimo impinduka mu kumva, kugorana kwishima, cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza ibikorwa. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa bigaragara vuba, bitewe n'uburyo isebe rikura n'aho riri.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ibi bimenyetso bishobora guturuka ku bindi bintu byinshi uretse glioma. Ariko rero, niba ufite bimwe muri ibi bimenyetso hamwe cyangwa bikomeye uko bwiye, ni byiza kubivugana na muganga wawe.

Ni iyihe mitype ya glioma?

Gliomas zikubirwa mu bwoko butandukanye hashingiwe ku bwoko bwa glial cell bakomokaho n'uburyo zikomeye. Gusobanukirwa ibi bwoko bifasha abaganga guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura buri muntu.

Urugero rw'ubwoko nyamukuru harimo:

• Astrocytomas: Izi zikomoka ku mitsi ifite ishusho y'inyenyeri yitwa astrocytes, kandi ni zo zikunze kugaragara muri glioma
• Oligodendrogliomas: Izi zikomoka ku mitsi ikora uruzitiro rw'ibintu birinda imiyoboro y'imitsi
• Ependymomas: Izi zikomoka ku mitsi ikingira ahantu hahurira amazi mu bwonko
• Mixed gliomas: Izi zigizwe n'ubwoko burenze bumwe bwa glial cell

Abaganga kandi basuzuma gliomas kuva ku rwego rwa 1 kugeza kuri 4 hashingiwe ku buryo imisebe igaragara munsi ya mikoroskopi. Gliomas zo ku rwego rwa 1 na 2 zifatwa nk'izidakomeye kandi zikura buhoro buhoro. Gliomas zo ku rwego rwa 3 na 4 zikomeye kandi zikura vuba, zisaba ubuvuzi bukomeye.

Ubwoko bukomeye cyane ni glioblastoma, ari yo astrocytoma yo ku rwego rwa 4. Nubwo iyi ndwara ishobora gutera ubwoba, ubuvuzi bushya buhora bukorwa, kandi abantu benshi babona ubuzima bwiza nubwo bafite gliomas zo ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Ese ni iki gatera glioma?

Impamvu nyamukuru ya glioma nyinshi ntiziramenyekana, ibyo bishobora gutera agahinda iyo ushaka ibisobanuro. Icyo tuzi ni uko gliomas zikomoka ku mitsi ya glial isanzwe ihinduka mu buryo bw'imiterere y'imisebe, bigatuma ikura mu buryo budakwiye.

Ibintu bimwe bishobora gutera izi mpinduka mu miterere y'imisebe:

• Kuba wararashwe mu mutwe mbere, nubwo ibi bigira uruhare mu kigero gito cyane cy'ibibazo
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'imiterere y'imisebe, nka neurofibromatosis cyangwa Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• Imyaka, kuko gliomas zikunze kugaragara uko umuntu akura
• Igitsina, kuko ubwoko bumwe bushobora kugaragara cyane mu bagabo cyangwa mu bagore

Ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ko mu bihe byinshi, gliomas ntiziterwa n'icyo wakoze cyangwa utarakora. Ntibandura, kandi ntizigenda mu muryango keretse hari indwara y'imiterere y'imisebe iri mu muryango.

Bitandukanye n'ibyo wumvise, nta bimenyetso bikomeye bya siyansi bihuza ikoreshwa rya telefoni, imvune mu mutwe, cyangwa imirire mibi no gutera glioma. Ubushakashatsi burakomeje muri ibi bice, ariko ibimenyetso biriho ntibishigikira ibi bihuza.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera ibimenyetso bya glioma?

Ukwiye kuvugana na muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ubwonko bikomeye cyangwa bikomeza kuba bibi, cyane cyane niba bigutera ibibazo mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi. Izera icyo umubiri wawe n'ubwonko byakubwira.

Shaka ubuvuzi vuba niba ufite:

• Uburwayi bwa mbere bw'ubwonko, cyane cyane niba uri umuntu mukuru udafite amateka y'uburwayi bw'ubwonko
• Uburwayi bukomeye bw'umutwe butandukanye n'uburwayi usanzwe ufite
• Ubusembwa cyangwa kubabara ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri wawe
• Impinduka zikomeye mu kubona cyangwa kuvuga
• Ubwenge buke cyangwa kugorana gutekereza bikomeje kuba bibi

Hamagara serivisi z'ubutabazi ako kanya niba ufite uburwayi bukomeye bw'umutwe butunguranye, guta ubwenge, cyangwa uburwayi bw'ubwonko bumaze iminota irenga itanu. Ibi bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo cy'ubuzima gisaba ubutabazi bwihuse.

Ibuka ko uburwayi bwinshi bw'umutwe n'ibimenyetso by'ubwonko ntibituruka ku bisebe byo mu bwonko. Ariko rero, bihora ari byiza ko ibimenyetso biteye impungenge bisuzumwa n'umuganga ushobora gusuzuma neza uko uhagaze.

Ni ibihe bintu byongera ibyago byo kurwara glioma?

Gusobanukirwa ibintu byongera ibyago bishobora kugufasha kumva neza impungenge zawe, nubwo ari ngombwa kwibuka ko kuba ufite ibintu byongera ibyago ntibivuze ko uzabona glioma. Abantu benshi bafite ibintu byongera ibyago ntibabona ibisebe byo mu bwonko, mu gihe abandi badafite ibintu byongera ibyago babibona.

Ibintu bizwi byongera ibyago birimo:

• Imyaka: Gliomas nyinshi zigaragara mu bantu bakuru bari hagati y'imyaka 45-65, nubwo zishobora kugaragara mu myaka yose
• Igitsina: Glioblastomas zikunze kugaragara mu bagabo, mu gihe meningiomas zikunze kugaragara mu bagore
• Ubwoko bw'abantu: Gliomas zikunze kugaragara mu bantu b'abazungu
• Ubuvuzi bw'imirasire mu mutwe cyangwa mu ijosi
• Indwara zimwe na zimwe z'imiterere y'imisebe nka neurofibromatosis ubwoko bwa 1 cyangwa 2
• Amateka y'ibisebe byo mu bwonko mu muryango, nubwo ibi ari bike cyane

Bamwe mu bantu bahangayikishwa n'ibintu byongera ibyago bitaramenyekana, nko gukoresha telefoni, imvune mu mutwe, cyangwa kuba mu bihuha bimwe na bimwe. Nubwo ubushakashatsi burakomeje muri ibi bice, ibimenyetso biriho ntibyerekana ubuhuza buhamye.

Inkuru nziza ni uko ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago bya gliomas bitagenzurwa, bivuze ko nta mpamvu yo kwicira urubanza cyangwa kwibonaho niba ubonye iyi ndwara.

Ni ibihe bibazo bishobora guterwa na glioma?

Ibibazo byaterwa na glioma bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'aho isebe riri, ubunini bwarwo, n'uburyo rikura. Gusobanukirwa ibibazo bishobora guterwa bifasha wowe n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe kwitegura no kureba ibimenyetso by'uburwayi.

Ibibazo bikunze kugaragara bishobora kuba:

• Uburwayi bw'ubwonko, bushobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti yo kurwanya uburwayi bw'ubwonko
• Kongera umuvuduko mu mutwe, bigatera uburwayi bw'umutwe n'ibibazo byo kubona
• Ubusembwa cyangwa ubupfapfa ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri
• Ibibazo byo kuvuga
• Ibibazo byo kwibuka n'ubwenge
• Impinduka mu mico cyangwa imyitwarire
• Kubura ubushobozi bwo kubona cyangwa kumva
• Ibibazo byo kubona umubiri n'uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa

Ibibazo bikomeye bishobora kuba harimo kugorana kwishima, ibibazo byo guhumeka niba isebe ribangamiye ubwonko, cyangwa kongera umuvuduko mu bwonko bishobora kwica. Bamwe mu bantu bashobora kugira ibibazo bituruka ku buvuzi, nko kwandura, kuva amaraso, cyangwa ingaruka z'imiti.

Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizakukurikirana hafi kubera ibi bibazo kandi rifite uburyo bwo kubigenzura byinshi. Ibibazo byinshi bishobora kuvurwa cyangwa ingaruka zabyo zigabanywa hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye n'amahugurwa yo gusubiza ubuzima.

Ese glioma imenyekanwa gute?

Kumenya glioma bisanzwe bisaba intambwe nyinshi, kandi muganga wawe azakuyobora muri buri ntambwe. Igikorwa gitangira harebwe neza ibimenyetso byawe n'isuzuma ry'umubiri.

Muganga wawe azatangira asuzume uko ubwonko bwawe bukora kugira ngo arebe uko imitsi yawe ikora, imbaraga z'imitsi, uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa, n'imikorere y'ubwonko. Ibi bifasha kumenya ibice by'ubwonko byaba byangiritse.

Ibizamini by'ingenzi byo gupima birimo:

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Iyi igaragaza neza amafoto y'ubwonko bwawe kandi ni yo isuzuma ry'ingenzi ryo kubona gliomas
• CT scan: Rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa mu ntangiriro, cyane cyane mu bihe by'amahirwe make
• PET scan: Ishobora gufasha kumenya uko isebe riri gukora
• Biopsy: Igice gito cy'umubiri gifatwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwoko n'urwego rw'isebe
• Isuzuma ry'imiterere y'isebe: Ibi bifasha gutanga ubuvuzi bukwiye

Biopsy ni ingenzi kuko ifasha abaganga gusuzuma imisebe munsi ya mikoroskopi no gukora isuzuma ry'imiterere y'imisebe. Aya makuru afasha kumenya ubwoko bwa glioma n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ukurikije uko uhagaze.

Muri iki gikorwa, itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizagusobanurira buri suzuma n'icyo bashaka kumenya. Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kubaza ibibazo ku buryo bwo gusuzuma cyangwa ibyavuye mu isuzuma.

Ese glioma ivurwa gute?

Ubuvuzi bwa glioma bugengwa n'umuntu ku giti cye kandi biterwa n'ibintu byinshi birimo ubwoko bw'isebe, urwego, aho riri, n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizakorana nawe kugira ngo mugire gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikubereye.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kuvura birimo:

• Kubaga: Akenshi ni bwo buryo bwa mbere, bugamije gukuraho isebe ryinshi bishoboka mu buryo bwizewe
• Ubuvuzi bw'imirasire: Gukoresha imirasire ikomeye yo kwica imisebe ya kanseri
• Ubuvuzi bwa chimiothérapie: Imiti igabanya imisebe ya kanseri mu mubiri wawe
• Ubuvuzi bugamije: Imiti mishya igaba ibintu byihariye by'imisebe ya kanseri
• Immunothérapie: Ubuvuzi bufasha ubudahangarwa bwawe kurwanya kanseri
• Isuzuma ry'ubuvuzi: Kugira uburyo bwo kuvura bwo kugerageza bushobora kugufasha

Kuri gliomas zidakomeye, ubuvuzi bushobora gutangira harebwe neza niba isebe ari rito kandi ritatera ibimenyetso. Ubu buryo, bwitwa “kureba no gutegereza”, burimo gukora MRI buri gihe kugira ngo harebwe impinduka.

Gliomas zikomeye zisaba ubuvuzi bukomeye, akenshi guhuza kubaga, imirasire, na chimiothérapie. Ubuvuzi busanzwe bwa glioblastoma busanzwe burimo kubaga bikurikirwa n'imirasire hamwe na chimiothérapie.

Itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizibanda kandi ku gucunga ibimenyetso no kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe. Ibi bishobora kuba harimo imiti yo kurwanya uburwayi bw'ubwonko, imiti yo kugabanya kubyimba mu bwonko, n'amahugurwa yo gusubiza ubuzima mu gufasha kuvuga, kugenda, cyangwa imikorere y'ubwonko.

Uko wacunga ibimenyetso iwawe mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi bwa glioma

Gucunga ibimenyetso byawe iwawe ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'uburyo bwawe bwo kuvurwa. Ukora hafi n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe, ushobora gufata intambwe nyinshi kugira ngo wumve wishimye kandi ubungabunge ubuzima bwawe.

Kugira ngo ubone uko wacunga uburwayi bw'umutwe, muganga wawe ashobora kugutegurira imiti yihariye cyangwa uburyo bwo kuyifata. Kubika ibyanditswe by'uburwayi bw'umutwe bishobora gufasha kumenya icyabiteye n'uburyo byagenda kugira ngo ubisobanurire itsinda ry'abaganga bawe.

Niba ufite uburwayi bw'ubwonko, ni ngombwa gufata imiti yo kurwanya uburwayi bw'ubwonko nk'uko yaguteguriwe. Tegura ahantu heza iwawe mu kuvanaho ibintu bishobora gukomeretsa aho umara igihe kinini kandi utekereze ku buryo bwo kwirinda nko gushyira intebe mu bwiherero cyangwa imirongo.

Kugira ngo ufashe ubwenge bwawe:

• Jya ugira gahunda ya buri munsi
• Koresha kalendari, urutonde, n'ibimenyetso kugira ngo ufashe kwibuka
• Ryama bihagije, kuko umunaniro ushobora kongera ibibazo by'ubwenge
• Jya uhura n'inshuti n'abavandimwe
• Jya ukora ibintu ukunda kandi bikurura ubwenge

Umunaniro niwo ukunze kugaragara, rero umva umubiri wawe kandi uruhuke igihe ukeneye. Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yoroheje, nk'uko muganga wawe yabyemeje, bishobora kugufasha kugira imbaraga n'ibyishimo. Kurya indyo yuzuye no kunywa amazi bihagije bigufasha kumera neza.

Ntukabe ikibazo cyo kuvugana n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe niba ibimenyetso bikomeye cyangwa hari impungenge nshya. Bari aho kugira ngo bagufashe muri uru rugendo.

Uko wakwitegura gusura muganga wawe

Kwitegura gusura muganga wawe bishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza igihe cyanyu hamwe kandi bikaba byiza ko impungenge zawe zose zikemuwe. Iyi myiteguro iba ikomeye cyane mu gihe ufite glioma.

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uko byahindutse uko bwiye. Jya ugaragaza uko ibimenyetso bigira ingaruka ku mirimo yawe ya buri munsi, akazi, cyangwa imibanire.

Tegura urutonde rw'ibibazo ushaka kubaza:

• Ni ubwoko n'urwego rwa glioma mfite?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura mfite?
• Ni iyihe ngaruka mbi zishobora guterwa na buri buryo bwo kuvura?
• Ubuvuzi buzagira izihe ngaruka ku buzima bwanjye bwa buri munsi?
• Ni iki kindi kizaza?
• Hariho isuzuma ry'ubuvuzi nakwiye gutekerezaho?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso byakwibutsa guhamagara ako kanya?

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw'imiti yose, ibintu byunganira, na vitamine ufata. Harimo inyongera n'igihe uyifata. Kandi zana ibyanditswe by'ubuvuzi byose, isuzuma ry'amafoto, cyangwa ibyavuye mu isuzuma bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe.

Tegura kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti yizewe mu gihe ugiye kwa muganga. Bashobora kugufasha kwibuka amakuru, kubaza ibibazo ushobora kwibagirwa, no kugufasha mu gihe cy'ibiganiro bigoye.

Andika amakuru mu gihe uri kwa muganga cyangwa ubaze niba ushobora kwandika ikiganiro. Amakuru y'ubuvuzi ashobora kuba menshi, kandi kugira inyandiko bigufasha gusubiramo amakuru y'ingenzi nyuma.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri glioma

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo gusobanukirwa kuri gliomas ni uko nubwo ari indwara ikomeye, iterambere mu buvuzi rikomeza kunoza ubuzima n'imibereho myiza y'abarwayi benshi. Urugendo rwa buri muntu rufite glioma ni rwose, kandi itsinda ry'abaganga bawe rizakorana nawe kugira ngo mugire gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikubereye.

Ibuka ko kuba ufite glioma ntibikugaragaza cyangwa ntibigabanya ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubaho neza. Abantu benshi bafite gliomas bakomeza gukora, kugira imibanire myiza, no gukora ibintu bakunda mu gihe bacunga uburwayi bwabo.

Komeza guhuza n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe, ubaze ibibazo igihe ukeneye ibisobanuro, kandi ntukabe ikibazo cyo gushaka ubufasha mu muryango, inshuti, cyangwa amatsinda y'ubufasha. Gucunga glioma si ikintu ukora wenyine.

Ibanda ku cyo ushobora kugenzura: gufata imiti nk'uko yaguteguriwe, kujya kwa muganga, kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, no kuvugana neza n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe. Ubu buryo bugufasha kumva ufite imbaraga kandi ufatanye mu kuvurwa.

Ibibazo bikunze kubaza kuri glioma

Q1: Ese gliomas zose ni kanseri?

Si gliomas zose ari kanseri mu buryo busanzwe. Gliomas zidakomeye (izo ku rwego rwa 1 na 2) zikura buhoro buhoro kandi zishobora kudakwirakwira mu bindi bice by'umubiri, ariko zishobora gutera ibibazo binyuze mu gukanda ku mitsi y'ubwonko. Gliomas zikomeye (izo ku rwego rwa 3 na 4) zikomeye kandi zifatwa nk'indwara mbi. Ariko kandi, na gliomas zidakomeye zisaba ubuvuzi kuko zishobora guhinduka izikomeye uko bwiye.

Q2: Ese gliomas zishobora gukira burundu?

Ubushobozi bwo gukira biterwa n'ibintu byinshi birimo ubwoko, urwego, n'aho glioma iri. Zimwe muri gliomas zidakomeye zishobora gukurwaho burundu hakoreshejwe kubaga, cyane cyane niba ziri ahantu habonetse. Ariko kandi, gliomas nyinshi zicungwa nk'indwara zidakira burundu. Nubwo gliomas zikomeye, ubuvuzi bushobora kongera igihe cyo kubaho no kubungabunga ubuzima bwiza ku barwayi benshi.

Q3: Ese nzashobora gutwara imodoka mfite glioma?

Ubushobozi bwawe bwo gutwara imodoka biterwa n'ibimenyetso byawe n'ubuvuzi. Niba ufite uburwayi bw'ubwonko, ibihugu byinshi bisaba ko uba umaze igihe utabona uburwayi bw'ubwonko mbere yo kongera gutwara imodoka. Muganga wawe azasuzumira uko ubwonko bwawe bukora, uko ubona, n'uburyo bwo guhita ukora kugira ngo amenye igihe ari cyo gihe cyiza cyo kongera gutwara imodoka. Iki cyemezo kigira icyo gikora ku mutekano wawe n'umutekano w'abandi ku muhanda.

Q4: Ese gliomas zikura vuba gute?

Uburyo bwo gukura butandukana cyane bitewe n'ubwoko n'urwego rwa glioma. Gliomas zidakomeye zishobora gukura buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka, rimwe na rimwe zigatera ibimenyetso bito byigaragaza buhoro buhoro. Gliomas zikomeye, cyane cyane glioblastomas, zishobora gukura vuba mu byumweru cyangwa mu mezi. Muganga wawe azakoresha isuzuma ry'amafoto kugira ngo akurikirane uburyo bwo gukura kandi ahindura ubuvuzi ukurikije ibyo.

Q5: Ese nakwiye guhindura imirire yanjye nyuma yo kubona glioma?

Nubwo nta mirire yihariye ya “glioma” iriho, kubungabunga imirire myiza bifasha ubuzima bwawe muri rusange kandi bishobora kugufasha kwihanganira ubuvuzi neza. Ibanda ku mirire yuzuye irimo imbuto, imboga, ibinyampeke, n'inyama nke. Ubuvuzi bumwe bushobora gutera isesemi cyangwa impinduka mu kurya, rero korana n'itsinda ry'abaganga bawe cyangwa umuhanga mu mirire kugira ngo muganire ku bibazo byo kurya ushobora kugira.