Glomerulonephritis

Impyiko zikuraho imyanda n'amazi y'umubiri arenze urugero mu maraso binyuze mu bice bito bita nephrons. Buri nephron irimo igice gito cyo gusimbura, cyitwa glomerulus. Buri gice cyo gusimbura gifite imiyoboro y'amaraso mito cyane yitwa capillaries. Iyo amaraso yinjiye muri glomerulus, ibice bito cyane, byitwa imyunyu y'amazi, amaminerali n'ibiribwa, n'imyanda bicamo inkuta za capillary. Imvunyu nini, nka poroteyine n'utubuto tw'amaraso, ntibicamo. Igice cyasimburwaga kigenda mu kindi gice cya nephron cyitwa tubule. Amazi, ibiryo n'amaminerali umubiri ukeneye byoherezwa mu maraso. Amazi arenze urugero n'imyanda ihinduka umushishi ujya mu kibuno.

Glomerulonephritis (gloe-MER-u-loe-nuh-FRY-tis) ni kubyimba kw'ibice bito byo gusimbura mu mpyiko (glomeruli). Amazi arenze urugero n'imyanda glomeruli (gloe-MER-u-lie) ikura mu maraso isohoka mu mubiri nk'umushishi. Glomerulonephritis ishobora kuza imburagihe (acute) cyangwa buhoro buhoro (chronic).

Glomerulonephritis iba yonyine cyangwa iba igice cy'ubundi burwayi, nka lupus cyangwa diabete. Kubyimba bikomeye cyangwa igihe kirekire bifitanye isano na glomerulonephritis bishobora kwangiza impyiko. Ubuvuzi biterwa n'ubwoko bwa glomerulonephritis ufite.

Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bya glomerulonephritis bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'uko ufite ubwoko bukabije cyangwa burambye ndetse n'intandaro yabwo. Ushobora kutamenya ibimenyetso by'indwara irambe. Ikimenyetso cya mbere cy'uko hari ikibazo gishobora kuvuka mu bipimo bisanzwe by'inkari (urinalysis). Ibimenyetso n'ibibonwa bya glomerulonephritis birimo: Inkari z'umutuku cyangwa ibara ry'icupa rya cola biturutse ku mitsi y'amaraso mu nkari zawe (hematuria). Inkari zifite amabwiriza cyangwa zifite amababi kubera proteine ​​nyinshi mu nkari (proteinuria). Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (hypertension). Kubika amazi (edema) aho kubyimba bigaragara mu maso, mu ntoki, mu birenge no mu nda. Kwinnya bike ugereranije. Isesemi no kuruka. Kugira imikurire y'imitsi. Kwumva unaniwe. Shikama umuganga wawe vuba bishoboka niba ufite ibimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bya glomerulonephritis.

Nimurakaza vuba kwa muganga wawe niba ufite ibimenyetso bya glomerulonephritis.

Indwara nyinshi zishobora gutera glomerulonephritis. Hari igihe iyi ndwara iba iri mu miryango kandi hari igihe impamvu yayo iba itazwi. Ibintu bishobora gutera kubyimba kw'ingingo za glomeruli birimo ibi bikurikira. Indwara zandura zishobora gutera glomerulonephritis mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye. Izi ndwara harimo: Glomerulonephritis nyuma ya streptocoque. Glomerulonephritis ishobora kuza nyuma y'icyumweru cyangwa ibyumweru bibiri umuntu akize indwara y'umutwe cyangwa, gake cyane, indwara y'uruhu iterwa na bagiteri ya streptocoque (impetigo). Kubyimba bibaho iyo antikorora za bagiteri zikubise muri glomeruli. Abana bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara glomerulonephritis nyuma ya streptocoque kurusha abakuze, kandi bafite ibyago byinshi byo gukira vuba. Udukoko two mu mutima. Udukoko two mu mutima ni ubwandu bw'igice cy'imbere cy'ibyumba by'umutima n'amavavu. Ntabwo birasobanutse neza niba kubyimba mu mpyiko ari ingaruka z'imikorere y'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri gusa cyangwa izindi mpamvu. Ubwandu bw'impyiko buterwa na virusi. Ubwandu bw'impyiko buterwa na virusi, nka hepatite B na hepatite C, butera kubyimba kwa glomeruli n'izindi ngingo z'impyiko. HIV. Ubwandu bwa HIV, virusi itera SIDA, bushobora gutera glomerulonephritis no kwangirika kw'impyiko buhoro buhoro, mbere y'uko SIDA itangira. Indwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri bwibasira imyanya myiza y'umubiri. Indwara ziterwa n'ubwirinzi bw'umubiri zishobora gutera glomerulonephritis harimo: Lupus. Indwara y'uburwayi buhoraho, lupus erythematosus ishobora kwibasira ibice byinshi by'umubiri wawe, harimo uruhu, ingingo, impyiko, uturemangingo tw'amaraso, umutima na mapafu. Indwara ya Goodpasture. Muri iyi ndwara idasanzwe, izwi kandi nka anti-GBM, ubwirindzi bw'umubiri bwakora antikorora ku ngingo ziri mu mapafu no mu mpyiko. Bishobora gutera kwangirika kw'impyiko buhoro buhoro kandi burangira. IgA nephropathy. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) ni antikorora iba ari umurindi wa mbere wo kurwanya ibintu byandura. IgA nephropathy ibaho iyo ibintu by'antikorora bikubise muri glomeruli. Kubyimba n'ibyangirika bikurikira bishobora kutagaragara igihe kinini. Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi ni amaraso mu nkari. Vasculitis ni kubyimba kw'imitsi y'amaraso. Ubwoko bwa vasculitis bushobora gutera glomerulonephritis harimo: Polyarteritis. Ubu bwoko bwa vasculitis bugira ingaruka ku mitsi y'amaraso yo hagati n'ito mu bice byinshi by'umubiri, harimo impyiko, uruhu, imikaya, ingingo n'igice cy'igogorwa. Granulomatosis ifatanye na polyangiitis. Ubu bwoko bwa vasculitis, bwahoze bwitwa granulomatose ya Wegener, bugira ingaruka ku mitsi y'amaraso mito na yo hagati mu mapafu, mu nzira z'umwuka wo hejuru no mu mpyiko. Hari indwara cyangwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe biterwa no gukomera kwa glomeruli bigatuma impyiko zikora nabi kandi zigenda zikora nabi. Ibi birimo: Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso udasanzwe, udashobora kuvurwa igihe kirekire ushobora gutera gukomera no kubyimba kwa glomeruli. Glomerulonephritis ibuza impyiko gukora akazi kayo ko kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso. Indwara y'impyiko iterwa na diyabete (nephropathy ya diyabete). Icyiciro cy'isukari cyinshi mu maraso gitera gukomera kwa glomeruli kandi cyongera umuvuduko w'amaraso unyura muri nephrons. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Muri iyi ndwara, gukomera biherereye mu bimwe muri glomeruli. Ibi bishobora kuba ingaruka z'izindi ndwara, cyangwa bishobora kubaho nta mpamvu izwi. Gake, glomerulonephritis ihoraho iba iri mu miryango. Uburyo bumwe bw'izungura, Alport syndrome, bushobora kandi kubangamira kumva cyangwa kubona. Glomerulonephritis ifitanye isano na kanseri zimwe na zimwe, nka kanseri y'igifu, kanseri y'ibihaha na kanseri y'amaraso ya lymphocytic ihoraho.

Indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri zifitanye isano na glomerulonephritis.

Glomerulonephritis igira ingaruka ku bushobozi bw'impyiko zo gukora isuku y'amaraso neza. Kugenda nabi kw'isuku bituma: Kwirundanya kw'ibicuruzwa byangiza umubiri cyangwa uburozi mu maraso. Kugenzura nabi ibintu by'ingenzi n'imirire. Gutakaza uturango tw'amaraso. Gutakaza poroteyine y'amaraso. Ingaruka zishoboka za glomerulonephritis zirimo: Gusinzira kw'impimbano. Gusinzira kw'impimbano ni ugucika burundu kandi vuba cyane mu mikorere y'impimbano, akenshi bijyana n'icyorezo cyateye glomerulonephritis. Kwirundanya kw'ibicuruzwa byangiza umubiri n'amazi bishobora guhitana umuntu niba bitavuwe vuba hakoreshejwe imashini isukura amaraso (dialyse). Impimbano zikunda gusubira mu mikorere isanzwe nyuma yo gukira. Indwara y'impimbano ikaze. Kubabara gahoraho bituma impimbano zangirika mu gihe kirekire kandi bikagabanya imikorere yazo. Indwara y'impimbano ikaze isobanurwa nk'ubwangirike bw'impimbano cyangwa kugabanuka kw'imikorere yazo mu mezi atatu cyangwa arenga. Indwara y'impimbano ikaze ishobora kuzamuka ikagera ku ndwara y'impimbano ikaze cyane, isaba dialyse cyangwa gutera impimbano. Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. Kwangirika kwa glomeruli biterwa n'ububabare cyangwa ibikomere bishobora gutuma umuvuduko w'amaraso ukaza. Indwara ya nephrotic. Indwara ya nephrotic ni uburwayi aho hari poroteyine nyinshi y'amaraso mu mpiswi kandi nke mu maraso. Izi poroteyine zigira uruhare mu kugenzura amazi n'urwego rwa kolesterol. Kugabanuka kwa poroteyine y'amaraso bituma kolesterol izamuka, umuvuduko w'amaraso ukaza no kubyimba (edema) ku maso, ku ntoki, ku birenge no mu nda. Mu bihe bitoroshye, indwara ya nephrotic ishobora gutera umuvuduko w'amaraso mu mubiri w'impimbano.

Hari ubwo nta buryo bwo gukumira amwe mu moko ya glomerulonephritis. Ariko, hano hari intambwe zishobora kugira akamaro:

• Fata vuba ubuvuzi bw'indwara y'ibisebe bya strep mu muhogo cyangwa impetigo.
• Kugira ngo wirinde indwara zishobora gutera amwe mu moko ya glomerulonephritis, nka virusi itera SIDA na hepatite, kurikiza amabwiriza yo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina y'umutekano kandi wirinde gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge binyinjira mu mubiri.
• Genzura isukari yawe mu maraso kugira ngo ufashwe kwirinda indwara y'impyiko iterwa na diyabete.

Mu gihe cyo gupima impyiko, umukozi w’ubuzima akoresha igikombe cyo gukuramo igice gito cy’umwijima kugira ngo gupimwe muri laboratwari. Igikombe cyo gupima impyiko gishyirwa mu ruhu kugera ku mpyiko. Iyi nzira ikunze gukoresha igikoresho cyo kubona ishusho, nka ultrasound transducer, kugira ngo kiyobore igikombe.

Glomerulonephritis ishobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe ibizamini niba ufite uburwayi bukabije cyangwa mu gihe cyo gupima bisanzwe mu gihe cyo gusura kugira ngo ubashe kumenya ubuzima bwawe cyangwa mu gihe cyo kuvurwa indwara y’igihe kirekire, nka diyabete. Ibipimo byo gusuzuma imikorere y’impyiko zawe no gupima glomerulonephritis birimo:

• Isuzuma ry’inkari. Isuzuma ry’inkari rishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by’imikorere mibi y’impyiko, nka selile zitukura n’amaproteni bitagomba kuba mu nkari cyangwa selile zera z’ibimenyetso by’uburiganya. Hashobora kandi kubaho ibura ry’ibipimo byitezwe by’ibicuruzwa byangiza.
• Ibizamini by’amaraso. Gusesengura ibipimo by’amaraso bishobora kugaragaza ibipimo byinshi by’ibicuruzwa byangiza mu maraso, kubaho kw’antikorora bishobora kugaragaza indwara y’ubudahangarwa, indwara y’ibyorezo cyangwa virusi, cyangwa urwego rw’isukari mu maraso rugaragaza diyabete.
• Ibizamini byo kubona ishusho. Niba muganga wawe abonye ibimenyetso by’indwara y’impyiko, ashobora kugusaba gukora ibizamini byo kubona ishusho bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo mu ishusho cyangwa ingano y’impyiko. Ibi bizamini bishobora kuba X-ray, isuzuma rya ultrasound cyangwa CT scan.
• Gupima impyiko. Ubu buryo burimo gukoresha igikombe cya buri gihe kugira ngo hakurweho ibice bito by’umwijima kugira ngo turebe munsi ya microscope. Gupima impyiko bikoreshwa mu kwemeza uburwayi no gusuzuma urugero n’imiterere y’ubwangirike bw’umubiri.