Glomerulonephritis ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Impamvu, n'Ubuvuzi

Glomerulonephritis ni kubyimba kw'impyiko nto nto zo mu mpyiko zawe, twita glomeruli. Izi mpyiko nto nto zikora nk'ibisasira cya kawa, zisukura imyanda n'amazi y'umubiri ava mu maraso kugira ngo akore umushishi. Iyo zibyimba, impyiko zawe ntizishobora gusuzuma neza, bigatuma habaho ibibazo mu gukuraho imyanda no kugumana amazi mu mubiri.

Iyi ndwara ishobora kuza vuba cyangwa buhoro buhoro. Nubwo byumvikana biteye ubwoba, ubwoko bwinshi bwa glomerulonephritis burakora neza ku buvuzi, cyane cyane iyo bimenyekanye hakiri kare. Gusobanukirwa ibiri kuba mu mubiri wawe bishobora kugufasha gukorana n'abaganga bawe kugira ngo urinde ubuzima bw'impyiko zawe.

Ibimenyetso bya glomerulonephritis ni ibihe?

Ibimenyetso bya glomerulonephritis bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'uburyo iyi ndwara iza vuba cyangwa buhoro. Bamwe babona impinduka ako kanya, abandi bashobora kutamenya ko hari ikibazo kugeza igihe ibizamini by'amaraso bisanzwe bigaragaje ibibazo by'impyiko.

Dore ibimenyetso bisanzwe umubiri wawe ushobora kugaragaza iyo ibicuruzwa by'impyiko zawe bitakora neza:

• Umushizi ufite amafuro cyangwa utubuto, usa n'ifu ya biruvubu
• Umushizi utukura, umutuku, cyangwa wijimye uterwa n'amaraso
• Kubyimbagira mu maso, mu ntoki, mu birenge, cyangwa mu maguru
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru
• Umunaniro n'intege nke
• Kugabanyuka kw'umushishi cyangwa gukora umushishi gake
• Guhumeka bigoye
• Isesemi no kuruka

Umushizi ufite amafuro ubaho kuko poroteyine irimo gucika mu bicuruzwa by'impyiko zawe byangiritse. Kubyimbagira bibaho iyo impyiko zawe zitabasha gukuraho amazi y'umubiri neza. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kuguhagarara, ariko ni uburyo umubiri wawe ugaragaza ko ukeneye ubuvuzi.

Ubwoko bwa glomerulonephritis ni ubuhe?

Glomerulonephritis ifite ubwoko bubiri bushingiye ku buryo ibimenyetso bihita bigaragara. Kumenya ubwoko ufite bifasha muganga wawe guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura buhuye n'imiterere yawe.

Glomerulonephritis ikaze iza vuba, akenshi mu minsi cyangwa mu byumweru. Ushobora kubona ibimenyetso nko kubyimbagira, umushizi wijimye, n'umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru bigaragara vuba. Ubu bwoko akenshi bukurikira indwara, nka angina, kandi abantu benshi barakira neza bafashijwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Glomerulonephritis ikaze iza buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka. Ushobora kutamenya ibimenyetso mbere, kandi iyi ndwara ikunze kumenyekana mu bipimo by'amaraso bisanzwe. Ubu bwoko bushobora kwangiza impyiko zawe buhoro buhoro, ariko kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika iterambere ryabyo.

Impamvu za glomerulonephritis ni izihe?

Glomerulonephritis ishobora guterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye, nubwo rimwe na rimwe abaganga batabasha kumenya icyayiteye. Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugira uruhare rukomeye mu bihe byinshi, haba mu kurwanya indwara cyangwa mu gutera ibitero ku mpyiko zawe.

Impamvu zisanzwe zirimo:

• Indwara nka angina, hepatite B cyangwa C, na VIH
• Indwara ziterwa no kudahangarwa kw'umubiri nka lupus na vasculitis
• Indwara zikomoka ku mubyeyi nka Alport syndrome
• Imiti imwe n'ibintu byangiza
• Diabete n'umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru igihe kirekire
• Indwara z'imitsi y'amaraso zigira ingaruka ku mpyiko

Rimwe na rimwe ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwakora antikorora zo kurwanya indwara, ariko izi antikorora zangiza kandi ibicuruzwa by'impyiko. Mu bihe by'indwara ziterwa no kudahangarwa kw'umubiri, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibeshya bugasanga imyanya y'impyiko nk'ibintu by'amahanga bugateraho ibitero. Gusobanukirwa icyateye iyi ndwara bifasha muganga wawe kuvura neza.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, glomerulonephritis ishobora guterwa n'indwara nka Goodpasture's syndrome, aho antikorora zigaba ibitero ku mpyiko n'amahaha, cyangwa kanseri zimwe na zimwe zitera ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugira ingaruka ku mpyiko.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera glomerulonephritis?

Ukwiye kuvugana n'abaganga bawe iyo ubona impinduka mu mushizi wawe, uburyo bwo gukora umushishi, cyangwa ukabona kubyimbagira utabisobanukiwe. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara nk'ibito, ariko bishobora kugaragaza ibibazo bikomeye by'impyiko bikeneye kwitabwaho vuba.

Shaka ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa niba ufite ibimenyetso bikomeye nko kubyimbagira cyane, guhumeka bigoye, kubabara mu kifuba, cyangwa gukora umushishi muke cyane. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ko imikorere y'impyiko yawe igenda igabanuka vuba kandi ikaba ikeneye ubuvuzi bw'ihutirwa.

Ntugatege amatwi niba ufite ibyago nko kwandura vuba, indwara ziterwa no kudahangarwa kw'umubiri, cyangwa amateka y'umuryango w'ibibazo by'impyiko. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvurwa bishobora gukumira kwangirika kw'impyiko burundu kandi bigafasha kubungabunga imikorere y'impyiko yawe mu myaka myinshi iri imbere.

Ibyago byo kurwara glomerulonephritis ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera amahirwe yo kurwara glomerulonephritis, nubwo kugira ibyago ntibisobanura ko uzayirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu bifasha wowe na muganga wawe kuba maso ku bimenyetso bya mbere.

Ibyago byawe bishobora kuba byinshi niba ufite:

• Kwandura vuba kw'ibyago, cyane cyane angina
• Indwara ziterwa no kudahangarwa kw'umubiri nka lupus cyangwa rheumatoid arthritis
• Amateka y'umuryango w'indwara z'impyiko cyangwa glomerulonephritis
• Diabete cyangwa umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru
• Kwandura virusi nka hepatite cyangwa VIH
• Kuhura n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe cyangwa imiti
• Kuba umugabo ukaba ufite imyaka irenga 60

Imyaka n'imiterere y'umuntu bigira uruhare rukomeye. Ubwoko bumwe bwa glomerulonephritis bukomoka ku mubyeyi, ibindi bikunze kugaragara mu matsinda amwe y'imyaka. Kugira ibyago byinshi ntibisobanura ko uzahura n'ibibazo by'impyiko, ariko bisobanura ko gukurikiranwa buri gihe ari ingenzi.

Ingaruka zishoboka za glomerulonephritis ni izihe?

Iyo glomerulonephritis idakurikiranwa neza, ishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye zigira ingaruka ku buzima bwawe bwose. Inkuru nziza ni uko ingaruka nyinshi zishobora gukumirwa cyangwa zigacungwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye n'impinduka mu mibereho.

Ingaruka zishoboka zirimo:

• Indwara z'impyiko zikomeza gukomera
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru udashobora gucungwa
• Kunaniuka kw'impyiko bisaba dialyse cyangwa kubyaza impyiko
• Ibibazo by'umutima biterwa no kubyimbagira n'umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru
• Kudahumura neza kw'ibintu by'ingenzi mu mubiri bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'umutima
• Ibyago byo kwandura byiyongera
• Ibibazo by'amagufwa biterwa no kudahumura neza kw'ibintu by'ingenzi mu mubiri

Ingaruka ikomeye ni kunanuka kw'impyiko, aho impyiko zawe zihita zibura ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma imyanda mu maraso yawe. Ariko, hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bwo kubona hakiri kare no kuvura neza, abantu benshi barwaye glomerulonephritis bagumana imikorere myiza y'impyiko mu myaka myinshi.

Mu bihe bidasanzwe, glomerulonephritis ikaze ishobora gutera kunanuka kw'impyiko vuba mu byumweru cyangwa mu mezi, bikaba bisaba ubuvuzi bukomeye bwo guhagarika kwangirika burundu.

Glomerulonephritis ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora gukumira ubwoko bwose bwa glomerulonephritis, cyane cyane ubwoko bukomoka ku mubyeyi, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago byawe no kurinda ubuzima bw'impyiko zawe. Gukumira byibanda ku gucunga indwara ziriho no kwirinda ibitera iyi ndwara.

Kugira ngo ufashwe gukumira glomerulonephritis, ushobora kuvura indwara vuba, cyane cyane angina n'ibikomere by'uruhu bishobora gutera kubyimba kw'impyiko. Gucunga indwara zidakira nka diabete n'umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru birinda kandi impyiko zawe kwangirika mu gihe kirekire.

Ubundi buryo bwo gukumira burimo kwirinda imiti idakenewe ishobora kwangiza impyiko zawe, kunywa amazi ahagije, kugira ibiro bikwiye, no kudakora itabi. Niba ufite indwara iterwa no kudahangarwa kw'umubiri, gukorana na muganga wawe kugira ngo uyicunge bishobora gukumira ingaruka ku mpyiko.

Gusuzuma buri gihe ni ingenzi cyane niba ufite ibyago. Muganga wawe ashobora gukurikirana imikorere y'impyiko zawe akoresheje ibizamini byoroshye by'amaraso n'umushishi, akabona ibibazo hakiri kare iyo kuvura ari byo bikwiye.

Glomerulonephritis imenyekanwa ite?

Kumenya glomerulonephritis bisaba ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo harebwe uko impyiko zawe zikora neza kandi hamenyekane icyayiteye. Muganga wawe azatangira akuzanira amateka yawe y'ubuzima n'isuzuma ry'umubiri, arebe ibimenyetso nko kubyimbagira n'umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hejuru.

Ibizamini by'ingenzi byo gupima birimo ibizamini by'umushishi kugira ngo harebwe poroteyine, amaraso, n'ibindi bintu bidasanzwe bigaragaza kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa by'impyiko. Ibizamini by'amaraso bipima imyanda nka creatinine na urea, izongerera iyo impyiko zawe zitakora neza.

Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gutegeka ibizamini byo kubona ishusho nka ultrasound kugira ngo arebe imiterere n'ubunini bw'impyiko zawe. Rimwe na rimwe, kubaga impyiko biba bikenewe, aho igice gito cy'umubiri w'impyiko gisuzumwa kuri mikoroskopi kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwoko bwa glomerulonephritis kandi hafatwe ibyemezo byo kuvura.

Ibindi bizamini bishobora kuba birimo kureba ibimenyetso by'indwara ziterwa no kudahangarwa kw'umubiri, urwego rwa complement, na antikorora zimwe na zimwe zishobora kugaragaza icyateye iyi ndwara. Ibi bizamini bifasha muganga wawe gutegura gahunda yo kuvura ihuye n'imiterere yawe.

Ubuvuzi bwa glomerulonephritis ni ubuhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa glomerulonephritis bushingiye ku cyayiteye, uburemere, n'ubwoko bw'iyi ndwara ufite. Intego nyamukuru ni kugabanya kubyimba, kurinda imikorere ishigaje y'impyiko, no gukumira ingaruka.

Ubuvuzi busanzwe burimo:

• Corticosteroids kugabanya kubyimba
• Imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ku mpamvu ziterwa no kudahangarwa kw'umubiri
• Imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso, cyane cyane ACE inhibitors
• Diuretics gufasha gukuraho amazi y'umubiri
• Antibiyotiki niba indwara ari yo yateye
• Impinduka mu mirire kugira ngo hagororwe imikorere y'impyiko
• Dialyse mu bihe bikomeye

Muganga wawe azategura gahunda yawe yo kuvura hakurikijwe ubwoko bwa glomerulonephritis ufite. Bamwe bakeneye ubuvuzi bukomeye bukoresheje imiti ikomeye, abandi bashobora gukenera gusa gucunga umuvuduko w'amaraso no gukurikiranwa buri gihe.

Kubwoko butasanzwe nka glomerulonephritis ikomeza vuba, ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo plasmapheresis, aho amaraso yawe asukura kugira ngo hakurweho antikorora zangiza. Mu bihe bya Goodpasture's syndrome, ubuvuzi bukomeye bwo kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukunze kuba ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kwica.

Uburyo bwo gucunga glomerulonephritis murugo ni ubuhe?

Gucaunga glomerulonephritis murugo bisaba impinduka mu mibereho zifasha ubuzima bw'impyiko zawe kandi zikunganira ubuvuzi bwawe. Ibi bintu bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso no kugabanya iterambere ry'indwara.

Imirire igira uruhare rukomeye mu gucunga iyi ndwara. Ushobora gukenera kugabanya umunyu kugira ngo ugabanye kubyimbagira n'umuvuduko w'amaraso, ugahagarika poroteyine niba impyiko zawe zifite ikibazo, kandi ukagenzura amazi unywa niba ufite amazi menshi mu mubiri. Muganga wawe cyangwa umuhanga mu mirire ashobora kugufasha gutegura ifunguro ribereye impyiko.

Kunywa imiti uko yagenewe ni ingenzi, nubwo waba wumva umeze neza. Kanda umuvuduko w'amaraso wawe murugo niba byagenewe, kandi ukande ibiro byawe buri munsi kugira ngo urebe impinduka zidasanzwe zishobora kugaragaza amazi menshi mu mubiri.

Kora imyitozo ukurikije ubushobozi bwawe, kuruhuka bihagije, kandi wirinda imiti yo kugabanya ububabare ishobora kwangiza impyiko zawe. Gusubira kwa muganga buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo hagenzurwe aho ugeze no guhindura ubuvuzi uko bikenewe.

Wategura gute uruzinduko rwawe kwa muganga?

Gutegura uruzinduko rwawe bifasha kugira ngo ubone ibyiza byinshi mu ruzinduko rwawe kandi bitange amakuru akenewe ku ndwara yawe. Tangira wandike ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe byatangiye n'uburyo byahindutse mu gihe.

Zana urutonde rw'imiti yose, ibintu byongera imbaraga, na vitamine unywa, harimo n'ibintu ugura udafite resept. Tegura kandi urutonde rw'ibibazo ku bijyanye n'uburyo wamenyweho iyi ndwara, uburyo bwo kuvurwa, n'icyo witeze mu gihe kiri imbere.

Kora kopi y'ibizami byawe byose byabanje, cyane cyane ibizami by'amaraso n'umushishi byakozwe n'abandi baganga. Tekereza kuzana umuntu wo mu muryango wawe cyangwa inshuti kugira ngo aguhe ubufasha kwibuka amakuru akomeye yavuzwe mu gihe cy'uruzinduko.

Andika amateka y'umuryango wawe w'indwara z'impyiko, indwara ziterwa no kudahangarwa kw'umubiri, n'indwara cyangwa kwandura byose byabaye vuba. Aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa impamvu zishoboka n'ibyago by'iyi ndwara.

Icyo ukwiye kumenya cyane kuri glomerulonephritis ni iki?

Glomerulonephritis ni indwara ishobora kuvurwa igira ingaruka ku gice cy'impyiko gishinzwe gusukura, kandi kumenya hakiri kare bigira uruhare rukomeye mu mibereho. Nubwo bishobora gutera ubwoba, abantu benshi barwaye glomerulonephritis babayeho ubuzima bwiza, bukorwa neza bafashijwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye n'impinduka mu mibereho.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo kwibuka ni uko kuvurwa vuba iyo ubona ibimenyetso bishobora gukumira ingaruka zikomeye. Gukorana na baganga bawe, kunywa imiti uko yagenewe, no kugira imibereho ibereye impyiko bishobora gufasha kurinda imikorere y'impyiko yawe mu myaka myinshi iri imbere.

Uburambe bwa buri muntu kuri glomerulonephritis butandukanye, rero shyira imbaraga mu gahunda yawe yo kuvura aho kugereranya na bagenzi bawe. Hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuvura buhari uyu munsi n'iterambere ry'ubuvuzi ririho, ibyiringiro by'abantu barwaye glomerulonephritis birakomeza kuba byiza.

Ibibazo byakunze kubaho kuri glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis ishobora gukira burundu?

Ubwoko bumwe bwa glomerulonephritis, cyane cyane ubwoko buterwa n'indwara, bushobora gukira burundu hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Ariko, ubwoko budakira bukunze gucungwa aho gukira, ubuvuzi bugamije kugabanya iterambere ryabwo no gukumira ingaruka. Abantu benshi bagumana imikorere myiza y'impyiko mu myaka myinshi bafashijwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Igihe kingana iki gikenewe kugira ngo umuntu akire glomerulonephritis?

Igihe gikenewe kugira ngo umuntu akire gitandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko n'icyateye glomerulonephritis. Indwara zikomeye zikurikira indwara zishobora gukira mu byumweru cyangwa mu mezi, mu gihe ubwoko budakira bukeneye gucungwa buri gihe. Muganga wawe ashobora kuguha igihe cyiza hakurikijwe imimerere yawe n'uburyo uvuye mu buvuzi.

Glomerulonephritis irakomoka ku mubyeyi?

Ubwoko bumwe bwa glomerulonephritis bukomoka ku mubyeyi, nka Alport syndrome n'indwara zimwe na zimwe z'impyiko. Ariko, ubundi bwoko bwinshi ntabwo bukomoka ku mubyeyi kandi buterwa n'indwara, indwara ziterwa no kudahangarwa kw'umubiri, cyangwa ibindi bintu byateye iyi ndwara. Niba ufite amateka y'umuryango w'indwara z'impyiko, ugomba kuvugana n'umuhanga mu by'imiterere y'umuntu.

Nshobora gukora imyitozo ngira umubiri mfite glomerulonephritis?

Abantu benshi barwaye glomerulonephritis bashobora gukomeza gukora imyitozo ngira umubiri, nubwo ushobora gukenera guhindura gahunda yawe hakurikijwe ibimenyetso byawe n'ubushobozi bwawe. Imyitozo myoroheje cyangwa yo hagati ni myiza mu gucunga umuvuduko w'amaraso n'ubuzima muri rusange. Buri gihe ugomba kubanza kuvugana na muganga wawe mbere yo gutangira cyangwa guhindura gahunda yawe y'imyitozo ngira umubiri.

Nzakenera dialyse niba mfite glomerulonephritis?

Si buri wese urwaye glomerulonephritis ukeneye dialyse. Abantu benshi bagumana imikorere myiza y'impyiko bafashijwe n'ubuvuzi bukwiye kandi ntibakenera dialyse. Ariko, niba imikorere y'impyiko yawe igabanuka cyane nubwo wavuwe, dialyse ishobora kuba ngombwa. Kumenya hakiri kare no kuvura bigabanya cyane icyo cyago.