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Urufukiro (GOI-tur) ni ukura kudasanzwe kw'umusemburo w'umwijima. Umuwijima ni umusemburo ufite ishusho y'ikinyugunyugu uherereye hasi y'ijosi hepfo gato y'ikibuno cya Adamu.

Urufukiro rushobora kuba ari ukura kw'umusemburo w'umwijima, cyangwa rushobora kuba ari ingaruka z'ukura kw'uturemangingo kutari gusanzwe gutera imiborere imwe cyangwa nyinshi (imikaya) mu muwijima. Urufukiro rushobora kuba rudahungabanya imikorere y'umusemburo w'umwijima, cyangwa rukaba rwagabanya cyangwa rukongera imisemburo y'umwijima.

Abantu benshi bafite ibibyimba mu muhogo nta bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso bagira uretse kubyimba ku ijosi. Mu madosiye menshi, ibibyimba biba bito ku buryo biboneka gusa mu isuzuma rya muganga cyangwa mu bipimo byo kubona izindi ndwara.

Ibindi bimenyetso cyangwa ibimenyetso biterwa niba imikorere y'umwijima ihinduka, uburyo ibibyimba bikura vuba ndetse niba bidindiza umwuka.

Uko umusemburo w'urwungano rw'imisemburo ikora

Hormoni ebyiri zikorerwa mu rwungano rw'imisemburo ni thyroxine (T-4) na triiodothyronine (T-3). Iyo urwungano rw'imisemburo rwohereje thyroxine (T-4) na triiodothyronine (T-3) mu maraso, zigira uruhare mu mirimo myinshi mu mubiri, harimo no kugenzura ibi bikurikira:\n\n* Guhindura ibyokurya biba imbaraga (imiterere y'umubiri)\n* Ubushyuhe bw'umubiri\n* Umuvuduko w'umutima\n* Umuvuduko w'amaraso\n* Indi miterere y'imisemburo\n* Gukura mu bwana\n\nUmwimerere w'urwungano rw'imisemburo unakora calcitonin, imisemburo ifasha kugenzura ingano ya calcium mu maraso.

Umuntu wese arashobora kurwara igoiter. Ishobora kuba ihari kuva umuntu avutse cyangwa ikaba yaboneka igihe icyo ari cyo cyose mu buzima. Bimwe mu bintu bisanzwe byongera ibyago byo kurwara igoiter birimo:

• Kubura iyode mu biribwa. Iyode iba cyane cyane mu mazi y'inyanja no mu butaka ahari inyanja. Muri iyi si iri gutera imbere cyane cyane, abantu badafite iyode ihagije mu biribwa cyangwa badafite uburyo bwo kubona ibiryo byuzuyemo iyode bafite ibyago byinshi. Ibi ni bito cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
• Kuba umugore. Abagore bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara igoiter cyangwa izindi ndwara z'umwijima.
• Gutwita no gucura. Ibibazo by'umwijima mu bagore bishobora kuba byinshi cyane mu gihe cyo gutwita no gucura.
• Imyaka. Igoiter iba myinshi cyane nyuma y'imyaka 40.
• Amateka y'ubuzima mu muryango. Amateka y'ubuzima mu muryango afite igoiter cyangwa izindi ndwara z'umwijima yongera ibyago byo kurwara igoiter. Nanone, abashakashatsi bamenye ibintu by'umurage bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n'ibyago byiyongereye.
• Imiti. Imiti imwe, irimo imiti y'umutima amiodarone (Pacerone) n'imiti yo mu mutwe lithium (Lithobid), yongera ibyago byawe.
• Kumanuka kw'imirasire. Ibyago byawe byiyongera niba warigeze kuvurwa imirasire mu ijosi cyangwa mu gatuza.

Ububyimba ku githukiro ubwabwo busanzwe budatera ibibazo. Isura yabwo ishobora kuba ikibazo cyangwa isoni kuri bamwe. Ububyimba bukomeye ku githukiro bushobora kubangamira inzira y'umwuka n'agatsiko.

Impinduka mu mikorere y'imisemburo yo mu githukiro bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n'ububyimba, bishobora gutera ibibazo mu bice byinshi by'umubiri.

Akenshi, ibyago byagaragazwa mu isuzuma ngaruka mwaka rya buri munsi. Umuforomokazi wawe, acomekeje ku ijosi ryawe, ashobora kubona ko umwijima wawe urimo kwiyongera, ikibyimba kimwe cyangwa ibibyimba byinshi. Rimwe na rimwe, ibyago biboneka iyo urimo gukorerwa isuzuma ry'amashusho kubera ubundi burwayi.

Ibisuzumwa byongeyeho bitegekwa kugira ngo bikore ibi bikurikira:

Ibisuzumwa bishobora kuba birimo:

• Kupima ingano y'umwijima

• Kumenya ibibyimba

• Kusuzuma niba umwijima ushobora kuba ukora cyane cyangwa udashobora gukora bihagije

• Kumenya icyateye ibyago

• Ibisuzumwa by'imikorere y'umwijima. Igipimo cy'amaraso gishobora gukoreshwa mu gupima umubare wa hormone istimula umwijima (TSH) ikorwa na gland pituitary ndetse n'umubare wa thyroxine (T-4) na triiodothyronine (T-3) bikorwa n'umwijima. Ibi bisuzumwa bishobora kwerekana niba ibyago bifitanye isano n'izindi ngaruka ku mikorere y'umwijima.

• Isuzuma ry'antikorps. Bitewe n'ibisubizo by'isuzuma ry'imikorere y'umwijima, umuforomokazi wawe ashobora gutegeka isuzuma ry'amaraso kugira ngo amenye antikorps ifitanye isano n'indwara y'umubiri, nka Hashimoto cyangwa Graves.

• Ultrasonography. Ultrasonography ikoresha amajwi mu gukora ishusho ya mudasobwa y'imiterere iri mu ijosi ryawe. Umuforomokazi akoresha igikoresho gisa n'inkoni (transducer) ku ijosi ryawe kugira ngo akore isuzuma. Ubu buryo bwo kubona amashusho bushobora kwerekana ingano y'umwijima wawe no kumenya ibibyimba.

• Kwinjizwa kwa iyode ya radioactive. Niba umuforomokazi wawe ategetse iki gisuzumwa, uhabwa iyode ya radioactive nke. Ukoresheje igikoresho cyihariye cyo gusuzuma, umuforomokazi ashobora gupima umubare n'umuvuduko umwijima wawe winjizamo. Iki gisuzumwa gishobora guhuzwa n'isuzuma rya iyode ya radioactive kugira ngo kigaragaze ishusho y'uburyo bwo kwinjiza. Ibisubizo bishobora gufasha mu kumenya imikorere n'icyateye ibyago.

• Biopsy. Mu gihe cyo gukora biopsy ya fine-needle aspiration, ultrasound ikoreshwa mu kuyobora umugozi muto cyane mu mwijima wawe kugira ngo ubone igipimo cy'umubiri cyangwa igipimo cy'amazi bivuye mu bibyimba. Ibipimo bisuzumwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari utunyangingo twa kanseri.

Ubuvuzi bwa goiter biterwa no bunini bwa goiter, ibimenyetso byawe n'ibibazo, hamwe n'impamvu yabyo. Niba goiter yawe ari nto kandi imikorere ya thyroid yawe ikaba imeze neza, umuganga wawe ashobora kugusaba gutegereza no kureba uko bizagenda, ukaba ukora isuzuma buri gihe.

Imiti ya goiter ishobora kuba irimo imwe muri iyi:

Ushobora gukenera kubagwa kugira ngo bakureho igice cyose cyangwa igice cya thyroid yawe (thyroidectomy yose cyangwa igice) ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura goiter ifite ibibazo bikurikira:

Ushobora gukenera gufata imiti isima imikorere ya thyroid, bitewe n'ingano ya thyroid yakuweho.

Iodine ya radioactive ni ubuvuzi bwa thyroid ikora cyane. Igipimo cya iodine ya radioactive gifatwa mu kanwa. Thyroid ifata iodine ya radioactive, iharira imisemburo muri thyroid. Ubuvuzi bugabanya cyangwa bukuraho imisemburo kandi bushobora kugabanya bunini bwa goiter.

Kimwe no kubaga, ushobora gukenera gufata imiti isima imikorere ya thyroid kugira ngo ugume ufite urugero rukwiye rw'imisemburo.

• Kugira ngo wongere umusaruro w'imisemburo. Thyroid idakora neza ivurwa hakoreshejwe imiti isima imikorere ya thyroid. Imiti ya levothyroxine (Levoxyl, Thyquidity, izindi) isimbura T-4 kandi bigatuma gland ya pituitary isohora TSH nke. Imiti ya liothyronine (Cytomel) ishobora kwandikwa nk'isimbura ya T-3. Ibi bivura bishobora kugabanya bunini bwa goiter.

• Kugira ngo ugabanye umusaruro w'imisemburo. Thyroid ikora cyane ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti irwanya thyroid ihagarika umusaruro w'imisemburo. Imiti ikoreshwa cyane, methimazole (Tapazole), ishobora kandi kugabanya bunini bwa goiter.

• Kugira ngo uhagarike ibikorwa by'imisemburo. Umuganga wawe ashobora kwandika imiti yitwa beta blocker mu gucunga ibimenyetso bya hyperthyroidism. Iyi miti — irimo atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol (Lopressor) n'izindi — ishobora guhagarika imisemburo myinshi ya thyroid kandi igabanye ibimenyetso.

• Kugira ngo ubone uko ubabara. Niba kubyimba kwa thyroid bigutera ububabare, bisanzwe bivurwa hakoreshejwe aspirine, naproxen sodium (Aleve), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, izindi) cyangwa imiti ivura ububabare ijyanye nabyo. Ububabare bukabije bushobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti ya steroide.

• Kugorana guhumeka cyangwa kurya

• Ububyimba bwa thyroid butera hyperthyroidism

• Kanseri ya thyroid