Goiter ni iki? Ibimenyetso, Intandaro, n'Ubuvuzi

Goiter ni ubwonko bw’umwijima uterwa no kuba umusemburo wa thyroid waguye, bikaba bigaragara nk’ububabare mu ijosi. Umusemburo wa thyroid ni umusemburo ufite ishusho y’inyoni y’inyoni uri hasi y’ijosi, ufasha mu kugenzura uburyo umubiri wakira ingufu n’uburyo umubiri ukora.

Nubwo ijambo “goiter” rishobora gutera ubwoba, goiter nyinshi nta cyo zibangamira kandi zishobora kuvurwa. Ububabare bushobora kuba buhoro buhoro mu mezi cyangwa imyaka, kandi ushobora kutamenya ko ubwo bubabare buhari. Gusobanukirwa icyateye goiter no kumenya ibimenyetso bishobora kugufasha kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye niba ubikeneye.

Ibimenyetso bya goiter ni ibihe?

Ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi cya goiter ni ububabare cyangwa ikibyimba bigaragara hasi y’ijosi, hepfo y’umutsi w’ijosi. Ubwo bubabare bushobora kuba buke cyangwa bukomeye, bitewe n’uburyo umusemburo wa thyroid waguye.

Uretse ububabare bugaragarira amaso, ushobora kugira ibindi bimenyetso byinshi bishobora kuguhungabanya ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Dore ibyo abantu benshi babona:

• Kumva hari ikintu gikomeye mu muhogo, nk’aho hari ikintu gikanda.
• Kugira ikibazo cyo kunywa ibinyobwa cyangwa ibiryo, cyane cyane ibiryo binini.
• Inkorora idakira.
• Guhindagurika kw’ijwi cyangwa gucika ijwi.
• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka, cyane cyane iyo uri kuryamye.
• Kubabara cyangwa kubabara mu ijosi hafi y’umusemburo wa thyroid.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, goiter nini cyane ishobora gukanda umuyoboro w’umwuka cyangwa umuyoboro w’ibiryo, bigatuma guhumeka cyangwa kurya bigorana cyane. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa kurya kidakira, ugomba kujya kwa muganga vuba.

Bamwe mu bantu bafite goiter bagira kandi ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n’imikorere y’umusemburo wa thyroid, nko kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka k’uburemere, kumva unaniwe cyane, cyangwa kugira ikibazo cyo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’umubiri. Ibi bimenyetso biterwa n’uko umusemburo wa thyroid ukora cyane cyangwa ucika.

Uduce twa goiter ni utuhe?

Goiter iba mu buryo butandukanye, kandi gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwayo bishobora gusobanura ibimenyetso byawe n’uburyo bwo kuvura. Itandukaniro nyamukuru ni uko umusemburo wa thyroid wose waguye cyangwa ni zimwe gusa.

Goiter yagutse bivuze ko umusemburo wa thyroid wose waguye kimwe. Ubu bwoko bugira isura yoroheje iyo muganga akugenzura ijosi, kandi busanzwe biterwa no kubura iyode cyangwa indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa nk’indwara ya Hashimoto.

Goiter ifite ibice bivuze ko hari ikibyimba kimwe cyangwa birenga biri mu musemburo wa thyroid. Ikibyimba kimwe giterwa n’icyitwa “uninodular goiter,” mu gihe ibice byinshi bigira “multinodular goiter.” Ibi bibyimba bishobora kuba bikomeye cyangwa byoroshye iyo ugenzuwe.

Abaganga kandi basobanura goiter hashingiwe ku mikorere y’umusemburo wa thyroid. “Goiter isanzwe” cyangwa “goiter idatera uburwayi” bivuze ko urwego rw’umusemburo wa thyroid ruguma rusanzwe nubwo waguye. “Goiter itera uburwayi” ikora umusemburo wa thyroid mwinshi, bigatuma habaho ibimenyetso bya hyperthyroidism nko gutera umutima cyane no kugabanuka k’uburemere.

Icyateye goiter ni iki?

Goiter iterwa no kuba umusemburo wa thyroid ukora cyane cyangwa ugasubiza ibintu bimwe na bimwe bituma ugurana. Impamvu isanzwe ku isi hose ni ukubura iyode, nubwo bitakunda kubaho mu bihugu umunyu wongerwamo iyode.

Ibintu n’imimerere myinshi bishobora gutera goiter:

• Indwara ya Hashimoto, aho ubudahangarwa bwawe bugaba igitero ku musemburo wa thyroid.
• Indwara ya Graves, itera umusemburo wa thyroid gukora cyane.
• Ibice by’umusemburo wa thyroid bikura mu musemburo.
• Gutwita, kubera impinduka z’imisemburo zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umusemburo wa thyroid.
• Imiti imwe nka lithium cyangwa amiodarone.
• Kuba warahuriye n’imirasire mu ijosi.
• Kurya iyode nyinshi binyuze mu byuzuza cyangwa imiti.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, goiter ishobora guterwa na kanseri y’umusemburo wa thyroid, nubwo ibi bigera kuri munsi ya 5% by’ibintu. Ibintu by’umuryango bigira uruhare, kuko imiryango imwe ifite ubushobozi bwo kugira ibibazo by’umusemburo wa thyroid.

Hari igihe abaganga batabona impamvu nyayo, ibyo bishobora gutera agahinda ariko ntibihindura uburyo bwo kuvura. Umusemburo wawe ushobora kuba ufite ubushobozi bwo kwakira impinduka z’imisemburo isanzwe cyangwa ibintu byo mu kirere.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga kubera goiter?

Ugomba guhamagara muganga niba ubona ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose mu ijosi, nubwo bwo ari buke kandi budakubabaza. Kumenya hakiri kare bifasha kumenya niba ukeneye kuvurwa no gukumira indwara zikomeye.

Shaka ubuvuzi vuba niba ufite ikibazo cyo kurya, guhumeka, cyangwa impinduka zikomeye mu ijwi ryawe. Ibi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko goiter ishobora kuba ikanda ibice by’ingenzi mu ijosi.

Hamagara muganga ako kanya niba ufite ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, udashobora kunywa ibinyobwa, cyangwa ukagira ububabare bukomeye mu ijosi. Nubwo ari bito, ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ingaruka zikenera ubuvuzi bw’ihutirwa.

Ugomba kandi kubona muganga niba ubona ibimenyetso byo kudahuza kw’imisemburo ya thyroid, nko guhindura uburemere butasobanuwe, kunanirwa gukomeza, gutera umutima cyane, cyangwa kumva ushyushye cyangwa ukonje cyane. Ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ko goiter yawe igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’imisemburo.

Ibyago byo kugira goiter ni ibihe?

Ibintu byinshi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira goiter, nubwo kugira ibyago ntibihamya ko uzayirwara. Gusobanukirwa ibi bintu bishobora kugufasha kumenya impinduka zishobora kuba mu musemburo wa thyroid.

Kuba umugore byongera ibyago byawe, kuko abagore bafite ibyago bine byo kugira ibibazo by’umusemburo wa thyroid kurusha abagabo. Ibyo byago byiyongera bifitanye isano n’impinduka z’imisemburo mu gihe cy’imihango, gutwita, no gucura.

Imyaka na yo iramutse, abantu barengeje imyaka 40 bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira goiter. Amateka y’umuryango wawe agira uruhare runini, rero niba abavandimwe bawe ba hafi baragize ibibazo by’umusemburo wa thyroid, ibyago byawe byiyongera.

Ibindi byago birimo:

• Kuba mu turere dufite ubutaka cyangwa amazi adafite iyode.
• Kurya indyo idafite ibiryo byinshi bya iyode nka seafood na produits laitiers.
• Guta imiti imwe nka lithium cyangwa imiti yo kurwanya indwara zifata ubwonko.
• Kugira izindi ndwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa nk’indwara ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere.
• Kuba warahuriye n’imirasire mu mutwe cyangwa mu ijosi.
• Gutwita cyangwa kuba warabyaye vuba.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, guhura n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe cyangwa kuba hafi y’ahantu hari imirasire myinshi bishobora kongera ibyago. Ariko, abantu benshi bafite ibi byago ntibagira goiter, rero gerageza kudahangayika cyane kubintu udashobora kugenzura.

Ingaruka zishoboka za goiter ni izihe?

Goiter nyinshi nta ngaruka zikomeye zigira kandi zishobora kuvurwa neza hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bukwiye. Ariko, gusobanukirwa ingaruka zishoboka bigufasha kumenya igihe impinduka mu mimerere yawe zishobora kuba zikenera ubuvuzi.

Ingaruka zisanzwe zirimo igitutu gikomeye goiter nini ishobora gukora mu ijosi. Ubwo gitutu gishobora gutuma kurya bigorana cyangwa bigatuma guhumeka bigorana, cyane cyane iyo uri kuryamye cyangwa mu gihe cy’imikino.

Dore ingaruka zishobora kubaho:

• Kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka kubera igitutu ku muyoboro w’umwuka.
• Ikibazo cyo kurya gifitanye isano no kurya no kunywa.
• Guhindagurika kw’ijwi kubera igitutu ku mitsi iri hafi y’umutsi w’amajwi.
• Impungenge z’ubwiza bw’ijosi.
• Guhungabana k’uburyo bwo kuryama kubera guhumeka bigorana iyo uri kuryamye.
• Kudahuza kw’imisemburo ya thyroid bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umubiri.

Mu bihe bitoroshye, goiter ishobora kuba nini cyane ku buryo ikwirakwira inyuma y’amagufwa y’ibituza, bikaba byitwa substernal goiter. Ubwo bwoko bushobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka kandi busaba ubuvuzi bwo kubaga.

Biracye cyane, amaraso ashobora kuva mu kibyimba cy’umusemburo wa thyroid, bigatera ububabare butunguranye n’ububabare. Nubwo ibi bishobora gutera ubwoba, bisanzwe bikira ubwabyo, nubwo ukwiye kuvugana na muganga niba ufite ububabare bukomeye butunguranye mu ijosi.

Goiter ishobora gukumirwa gute?

Nubwo udashobora gukumira amoko yose ya goiter, cyane cyane ayo aterwa n’ibintu by’umuryango cyangwa indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa, ushobora gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ibyago bya goiter iterwa no kubura iyode.

Uburyo bwo gukumira bugira ingaruka ni ukugira iyode ihagije mu mirire yawe. Gukoresha umunyu wongerwamo iyode mu guteka no kurya ibiryo byinshi bya iyode nka seafood, produits laitiers, n’amagi bifasha mu kugumisha imikorere myiza y’umusemburo wa thyroid.

Niba utwite cyangwa uonsa, ukeneye iyode nyinshi. Vugana na muganga wawe niba ukeneye ibyuzuza bya iyode, kuko kubura iyode muri ibi bihe bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri wowe n’umwana wawe.

Irinde gufata ibyuzuza byinshi bya iyode keretse muganga akubwiye, kuko iyode nyinshi ishobora kandi gutera ibibazo by’umusemburo wa thyroid. Menya neza ibyuzuza bya kelp cyangwa ibindi bimera byo mu nyanja bifite iyode nyinshi.

Niba ufashe imiti igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umusemburo wa thyroid, nka lithium, korana na muganga wawe kugira ngo akurikirane ubuzima bwawe bwa thyroid. Kujya kwa muganga buri gihe bishobora gufata impinduka hakiri kare iyo zoroheje gucunga.

Goiter imenyekanwa gute?

Muganga wawe azatangira akugenzura ijosi akakubaza ibimenyetso byawe, amateka y’umuryango wawe, n’imiti ufashe. Ubu bugenzuzi busanzwe bwerekana ubunini n’uburyo bw’umusemburo wa thyroid.

Ibizamini by’amaraso bifasha kumenya niba umusemburo wa thyroid ukora imisemburo isanzwe. Ibi bizamini bipima umusemburo wa thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) na rimwe na rimwe imisemburo ya thyroid T3 na T4 kugira ngo bamenye uko umusemburo wa thyroid ukora.

Niba muganga wawe abonye ibice cyangwa ashaka ishusho isobanutse y’uburyo bw’umusemburo wa thyroid, ashobora kugusaba ultrasound. Ubu bugenzuzi budakubabaza bukoresha amajwi kugira ngo bukore amashusho y’umusemburo wa thyroid kandi bushobora kwerekana ubunini n’imiterere y’ibice byose.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ibindi bizamini bishobora gufasha:

• Ibizamini byo gupima iyode kugira ngo urebe uko umusemburo wa thyroid ukoresha iyode.
• Biopsy ikoresha umugozi muto niba hari ibice by’umusemburo byagaragaye.
• CT cyangwa MRI scan kubera goiter nini cyane.
• Ibizamini by’antibody bya thyroid kugira ngo urebe indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa.

Abantu benshi ntibakenera ibi bizamini byose. Muganga wawe azakugira inama y’ibizamini bikenewe kugira ngo asobanukirwe uko uhagaze kandi akugurire gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikubereye.

Ubuvuzi bwa goiter ni buhe?

Ubuvuzi bwa goiter biterwa n’ubunini bwayo, icyayiteye, niba bugira ingaruka ku rwego rw’imisemburo ya thyroid cyangwa butera ibimenyetso. Goiter nto nyinshi zitatera ibibazo zikenera gukurikiranwa gusa aho kuvurwa.

Niba goiter yawe iterwa no kubura iyode, kongera iyode mu mirire yawe cyangwa gufata ibyuzuza bifasha kugabanya ububabare. Muganga wawe azakugira inama y’ingano ikwiye, kuko iyode nyinshi ishobora kongera ibibazo by’umusemburo wa thyroid.

Kubera goiter iterwa n’indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa nk’indwara ya Hashimoto, imiti yo gusimbuza imisemburo ya thyroid ifasha. Ubu buvuzi ntibugira ingaruka gusa ku ibura ry’imisemburo ahubwo bushobora kandi gufasha kugabanya goiter mu gihe.

Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bushobora kugusabwa:

• Imiti y’imisemburo ya thyroid kugira ngo igabanye TSH kandi igabanye goiter.
• Imiti yo kurwanya imisemburo ya thyroid niba goiter yawe ikora imisemburo myinshi.
• Ubuvuzi bwa radioiodine kugira ngo ugabanye umusemburo wa thyroid.
• Kubaga kubera goiter nini itera ibibazo byo guhumeka cyangwa kurya.
• Gutegereza no gukurikirana goiter nto, zitatera ibibazo.

Kubaga bisanzwe bikorerwa goiter itera ibimenyetso bikomeye, itera impungenge z’ubwiza, cyangwa iyo hari icyakekwa ko ari kanseri. Kubaga umusemburo wa thyroid bisanzwe ari byiza kandi bikagira akamaro, nubwo bisaba gusimbuza imisemburo ya thyroid ubuzima bwawe bwose.

Uburyo bwo kuvura goiter murugo

Nubwo imiti yo murugo idashobora gukiza goiter, uburyo bumwe bw’ubuzima bushobora gufasha ubuzima bwawe bwa thyroid kandi bugufashe kumva utekanye mu gihe uvurwa.

Fata indyo yuzuye irimo ibiryo byinshi bya iyode nka fish, produits laitiers, n’amagi, keretse muganga akubwiye kugabanya iyode. Irinde kugira indyo igoye cyane ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umusemburo wa thyroid.

Niba goiter yawe itera ububabare mu ijosi, imikino yoroheje y’ijosi n’amazi ashyushye bishobora kugufasha. Ariko, irinde gukanda umusemburo wa thyroid, kuko bishobora gutera ibibazo kuri zimwe mu bwoko bwa goiter.

Guhangana n’umunaniro binyuze mu mikino yo kwidagadura, imyitozo ngororamubiri, no gusinzira bihagije bifasha ubuzima bwa thyroid. Umunaniro ushobora kongera ibibazo by’umusemburo wa thyroid, rero gushaka uburyo bwo guhangana neza bifasha ubuzima bwawe bwose.

Komeza ufate imiti muganga yawe akubwiye, kandi ntuyireke keretse muganga akubwiye, nubwo ibimenyetso byawe byakira. Komeza ukurikira impinduka zose mu bimenyetso byawe kugira ngo ubiganireho na muganga wawe.

Uko wakwitegura kujya kwa muganga

Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, andika ibimenyetso byawe byose, harimo igihe wabimenye bwa mbere niba byarahindutse mu gihe. Shyiramo amakuru yose yerekeye ikibazo cyo kurya, guhumeka, cyangwa guhindagurika kw’ijwi.

Zana urutonde rwuzuye rw’imiti, ibyuzuza, na vitamine ufashe, harimo n’ingano. Bimwe mu bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y’umusemburo wa thyroid, rero aya makuru afasha muganga wawe gusobanukirwa ubuzima bwawe bwose.

Tegura amateka y’umuryango wawe yerekeye ibibazo by’umusemburo wa thyroid, indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa, cyangwa izindi ndwara zifitanye isano n’imisemburo. Aya makuru ashobora gufasha muganga wawe gusuzuma ibyago byawe no kumenya ibizamini bikwiye.

Andika ibibazo ushaka kubaza, nka:

• Icyateye goiter yanjye ni iki?
• Nkeneye kuvurwa, cyangwa dushobora kuyikurikirana?
• Ni ibihe bimenyetso bikwiye kumbwira ko nkwibutsa?
• Hari ibikorwa nakwirinda?
• Nzagomba gukurikiranwa kangahe?

Niba bishoboka, zana inshuti cyangwa umuryango wawe kugira ngo aguhe inkunga mu kwibuka amakuru yavuzwe mu gihe cy’ubuvuzi. Kugira inkunga bishobora kandi kugufasha kumva utekanye mu kubaza ibibazo.

Icyingenzi cyo kumenya kuri goiter

Goiter ni ubwonko bw’umwijima uterwa no kuba umusemburo wa thyroid waguye, kandi nubwo bishobora gutera impungenge, goiter nyinshi ishobora kuvurwa kandi ntabwo igaragaza indwara ikomeye. Icyingenzi ni ukugira isuzuma rikwiye no gukurikiza inama za muganga wawe zo gukurikirana cyangwa kuvura.

Abantu benshi bafite goiter nto babaho ubuzima busanzwe nta ngaruka ku mikorere yabo ya buri munsi. Goiter nini zisaba ubuvuzi zikira neza hakoreshejwe imiti cyangwa ubundi buvuzi.

Wibuke ko kugira goiter ntibihamya ko ufite kanseri cyangwa indwara ikomeye. Goiter nyinshi nta cyo zibangamira kandi ziterwa n’ibintu bisanzwe nko kubura iyode, indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa, cyangwa impinduka zisanzwe z’imyaka mu musemburo wa thyroid.

Intambwe y’ingenzi ni ugukomeza kuvugana na muganga wawe kugira ngo akurikirane kandi akurikize ubuvuzi bwakusabwe. Hamwe no kwitaho neza, ushobora gucunga goiter neza kandi ukagumana ubuzima bwiza.

Ibibazo byakunda kubazwa kuri goiter

Goiter ishobora gukira yonyine?

Goiter nto rimwe na rimwe igabanuka yonyine, cyane cyane niba iterwa n’ibintu by’igihe gito nko gutwita cyangwa kubura iyode bikemuka. Ariko, goiter nyinshi ziguma zimeze kimwe cyangwa zikura buhoro buhoro mu gihe. Niyo mpamvu gukurikirana buri gihe na muganga wawe ari ingenzi, nubwo goiter yawe itaguha ibibazo.

Goiter buri gihe ni ikimenyetso cya kanseri y’umusemburo wa thyroid?

Oya, goiter ntabwo iterwa na kanseri. Munsi ya 5% bya goiter ni kanseri, kandi nyinshi ziterwa n’ibintu bitabangamira nko kubura iyode, indwara ziterwa n’ubudahangarwa, cyangwa ibice bitabangamira. Muganga wawe ashobora kumenya niba hari ibizamini bikenewe kugira ngo akureho kanseri, ariko ntukirekere ibibi.

Umunaniro ushobora gutera goiter?

Umunaniro ntabwo utera goiter, ariko ushobora kongera ibibazo by’umusemburo wa thyroid nk’indwara ya Hashimoto cyangwa indwara ya Graves, bishobora gutera goiter. Guhangana n’umunaniro binyuze mu buzima bwiza bufasha ubuzima bwa thyroid, nubwo atari imiti yo gukiza goiter iriho.

Nkeneye kubagwa kubera goiter yanjye?

Goiter nyinshi ntizisaba kubagwa. Kubaga bisanzwe bikorerwa goiter nini itera ibibazo byo guhumeka cyangwa kurya, impungenge z’ubwiza, cyangwa iyo hari icyakekwa ko ari kanseri. Abantu benshi bacunga goiter yabo neza hakoreshejwe imiti cyangwa gukurikirana gusa.

Nshobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nk’uko bisanzwe mfite goiter?

Abantu benshi bafite goiter bashobora gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nk’uko bisanzwe keretse goiter nini cyane kandi itera ibibazo byo guhumeka. Niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka cyangwa kubabara mu gihe cy’imyitozo ngororamubiri, vugana na muganga wawe ku rwego rw’imikino ikwiye. Imikino ngororamubiri isanzwe ifasha ubuzima bwa thyroid n’ubuzima bwose.